Theories of Human

Motivation in an
Organization
Audrey Therese C. Fulgencio and Jessa D. Anas
1. A theory that requires authoritarian style of management.
2. It means roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is
given after the desire response.
3. Differentiate Positive and Negative reinforcement?
4. Who are the proponents of the concept of “Social Man”?
5. He believed that man worked to fulfill his economic needs.
6. A theory that states that man is motivated by money alone?
7. A theory where individuals act depending upon their evaluation of whether their
efforts will need to good performance whether good performance will be
followed by a reward and whether the reward is attractive to them?
8. Who proposed that achievement, affiliation, and power are three important
needs that help explain motivation in workplace situations?
9. Who developed Expectancy Theory?
10. Why should managers make it a point to understand motivation?
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-
1915) was an American inventor and
engineer that applied his engineering
and scientific knowledge to
management and developed a theory
called scientific management theory.
His two most important books on his
theory are Shop Management (1903)
and The Principles of Scientific
Management (1911).
3
 “Economic Man”
Frederick Taylor, the father of scientific
management believes that man worked to
fulfill his economic needs. With long and
hard work comes high pay to take care of his
material and physiological needs
4
 • Man is motivated by MONEY
alone
• Chance of earning extra money
is the only factor to stimulate
further efforts
Douglas McGregor (born 1906) died at
the comparatively young age of 58 in
1964. He describes one of the most
influential management theorists as a
man whose revolutionary insights into
the nature of leadership and
management changed the relationship
between managers and employees,
paving the way for best practices
implemented by some of
today's most successful
companies. 6
 Theory X Theory Y
Workers have little ambition Workers are self- directed

Dislike work Enjoy work

Avoid responsibility Accept responsibility

7
Theory X has been associated with
closed, autocratic management
style with theory Y has been as open
and participative. McGregor,
however, cautions that Theory X
should not be confused with “hard”
management with Theory Y “soft”
management 8
Victor Harold Vroom
Victor H. Vroom was born on
August 9, 1932 in Montreal, Canada.
He is a professor of management at
the Yale School of Management. He
received his doctorate at the
University of Michigan. In 1968 he
developed his own Expectancy
Theory.

9
 “Expected Man”
The Expectancy Theory of Motivation
emphasizes the needs for organization to
relate rewards directly to performance
and to ensure that the rewards provided
are those rewards deserved and wanted
by the recipients. 10
A theory that individuals act depending upon
their evaluation of whether their effort will
lead to a good performance(expectancy),
whether good performance will be followed
by a reward(instrumentality), and whether
that reward is attractive to them (valence).
George Elton Mayo &
Fritz Jules Roethlisberger
George Elton Mayo, (born Dec. 26,
1880, Australia—died Sept. 7, 1949,
Australian-born psychologist who
became an early leader in the field
of industrial sociology in the United
States, emphasizing the dependence
of productivity on small-group
unity.
12
Fritz Jules Roethlisberger (29
October 1898 New York City - 17
May 1974 Cambridge,
Massachusetts) was an
American social scientist,
management theorist at
the Harvard Business School. He
is best known for his 1939 book
on the Hawthorne studies,
13
“Social Man”
◉ Roethlisberger and Mayo experiment’s at
Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company
showed that man is largely gratified in a social
milieu. He craves for affiliation and communion
with his fellow workers, job comfort, enjoyment,
long range security is more potent than financial
considerations. 14
Mayo and Roethlisberger concluded that;
Changing working conditions and financial
rewards have little or no effect on productivity.

Workers are best motivated by;

• Better communication between managers and workers,
• Greater manager involvement in employees working
lives,
• Working in groups or teams,
” suggestions.
• Allowing employees to give
15
David Clarence McClelland
David McClelland was a well-known American
psychological theorist who was the founder of
Motivation Need Theory. Born on May 20th,
1917David McClelland died on March 27, 1998. in
Mt. Vernon, New York, USA.
16
McClelland Achievement and
Needs theory
Achievement Affiliation Motivation
Authority/Power
Motivation
Motivation The person with need
A person with for affiliation as the
The desire to
strong need for strongest desire or
control others is
achievement will motivator has a need for
also a powerful
seek to reach friendly relationship
motivating force.
realistic and with others.
challenging goals. 17
 “Achiever”
◉ McClelland postulated with his achievement motivation
theory that people with high need to achieve do achieve
more than these with low need and with no need at all. The
former demonstrates a high need to achieve if they can
influence the outcome to chance. They want to get
concentrate feedback on how they have performed since
they are concerned with personal accomplishment rather
than rewards of success. They spend much time pondering
on how to do things better.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
B.F. Skinner, a Psychologist, was born
in Pennsylvania in 1904. Skinner is
best known for developing the theory
of behaviorism. He died in
Massachusetts in 1990.

19
“A Learning-Reinforced Man”
◉ Man learns from his environment and greater control
of this environment improves his development.
Through understanding the principles of learning, one
understands much about how human behavior makes
the individual learn and perform accordingly. Skinner
and the other behaviorists deny the idea of instinct
and the importance of motivation.
20
“Operant Conditioning”
It means roughly
changing of behavior by
the use of reinforcement
which is given after the
desired response

21
22
Positive vs. Negative Reinforcement

23
Punishment

24
The Enforcement theory concentrates on observed behavior, using
goals or rewards external to the person to modify and shape behavior
by rewards continues whereas unreinforced behavior ceases. The
basic premise of this theory is that behavior is controlled by its
immediate consequences. This operant conditioning theory has been
tried successfully in modifying behavior. The individual is exposed
to the same reinforcing stimulus until the same response is repeated
and thus develops in him the habit of responding favorably.
 Tablet project
Show and explain your web, app or
software projects using these
gadget templates.

26
 Desktop project
Show and explain your web, app or software projects using these
gadget templates.

27
Thanks!
Any questions?

28
Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome
resources for free:
◉ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
◉ Plant illustrations from Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen at
BHL

29
Presentation design
This presentation uses the following typographies and colors:
◉ Titles: Playfair display
◉ Body copy: Tinos
You can download the fonts on this page:
https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/playfair-display
https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/tinos

30

You don’t need to keep this slide in your presentation. It’s only here to serve you as a design guide if
you need to create new slides or download the fonts to edit the presentation in PowerPoint®
 SlidesCarnival icons are editable shapes.
This means that you can:
Resize them without losing quality, change fill color and
opacity and change line color, width and style.

Isn’t that nice? :)

31
😉
Now you can use any emoji as an icon!
And of course it resizes without losing quality and you
can change the color.

How? Follow Google instructions

https://twitter.com/googledocs/status/7300872401566
43328

✋👆👉👍👤👦👧👨👩👪💃🏃💑❤😂😉😋
😒😭👶😸🐟🍒🍔💣📌📖🔨🎃🎈🎨🏈🏰🌏
🔌🔑 and many more...

32