WATER REQUIREMENT

BASED ON CLIMATE CHARACTERISTIC

(Case study: Subang Regency)

RADEN ELIASAR PRABOWO TJAHJONO1

DR PERDINAN, MNRE2
1Mahasiswa Geofisika dan Meteorologi, IPB
2Dosen Geofisika dan Meteorologi, IPB
 1. Water is the main
limit factor
2. Regional climate
characteristics
affect water
3. Study of crop requirements
water requirements
refers to increasing
crop productivity
References: Aryal 2012; Basak 2011; Chan dan Cheong 2001; Zawawi et al. 2010
 1. Water 3. Water
Requirement Requirements
estimation response analysis

2. Rainfall 4. Farmer
availability communities
analysis action analysis
January17th -May 10th 2019
TOOLS
• Simple rain gauge
• Tape measurement
• 4 plastic bottles
• Digital scale
• Automatic weather
system

MATERIALS
• Meteorogical data
• Evapotranspiration
actual
• Evaporation actual
• Crop phenological data
• Paddy water level data
Fig 1. Research flowchart
Fig 1. Research flowchart
 EVAPORATION AND AIR TEMPERATURE
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND
RAINFALL
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
4 plastic bottles

Fill 2 bottles with

soil
and another 2 RH = Ea/Es x 100%
dengan,
bottles with rice E = 6.11 x 107.5TW/(237.3+TW)
seed Ea = E – 0.7947 x 10-3 P x (TT-TW)
Es = 6.11 x 107.5TT/(237.3+TT)

PHENOLOGICAL DATA
Observe crop height and
number of panicles with
tape measurement and
counter
 Analyze The Response of Water
Requirement to
Climate and Phenological Variables
Plot meteorological data to water
requirement and plot phenological
data.

Statistical analysis using independent

sample T test and
One-way ANOVA (α =0.05)
Analyze Rainfall Availability on
Crop Water Requirements

Compare total water requirements

with total rainfall for each demoplot
Analyze Irrigation’s Time by Farmers to
Meet Water Requirement
Run water Plot water level
balance model data and
simulation weekly rainfall

Compare the response time

of irrigations by farmers with
water balance model
simulation
Results The Response of Water Requirement to
Climate and Phenological Variables

160.00
140.00
Height binong
Crop Height (cm)

120.00
100.00 Height purwadadi
80.00
height pagaden
60.00
40.00 Height Pamanukan

20.00 Height Cijambe

0.00
0 50 100
DAP
Fig 2. Crop height each demoplot
Crop height standards for each variety
IR42 (Pamanukan) : 90-105 cm
Grendel (Binong) : 80-90 cm
Tarabas (Pagaden) : 100 cm
Inpari 32 (Purwadadi) : 97 cm
IR64 Jumbo (Cijambe) : 115-126 cm
 70
60
Number of Panicles

50
Panicles Binong
40
Panicles Purwadadi
30
Panicles Pagaden
20 Panicles Pamanukan
10 Panicles Cijambe
0
0 50 100
DAP

Fig 3. Number of panicles each demoplot

Number of panicles standards for each vareity
IR42 (Pamanukan) : 20-25 panicles
Grendel (Binong) : 20-25 panicles
Tarabas (Pagaden) : 20 panicles
Inpari 32 (Purwadadi) :-
IR64 Jumbo (Cijambe) : 20-35 panicles
 24.00 39
37
22.00 35
20.00 33
31
Water Requiremeny (mm)

18.00 29

Average Temperature ©
27
16.00
25
14.00 23
21
12.00 19
10.00 17
15
8.00 13
6.00 11
9
4.00 7
5
2.00
3
0.00 1
30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90
DAP

WR Pamanukan WR Purwadadi WR Pagaden WR Binong

Taverage Pamanukan Taverage Purwadadi Taverage Pagaden Taverage Binong

Fig 3. Water requirements response to average temperature

T average WR Water requirements follow

average temperature fluctuation
 100
24.00
22.00 90
20.00
80
18.00
16.00 70

RH (%)
Water Requirement (mm)

14.00
12.00 60

10.00
50
8.00
6.00 40

4.00
30
2.00
0.00 20
30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90
DAP
WR Pamanukan WR Purwadadi WR Pagaden WR Binong
RH Pamanukan RH Purwadadi RH Pagaden RH Binong

Fig 4. Water requirements response to RH

RH WR
 20.00 10.00

18.00 9.00

16.00 8.00
Water Requirement (mm)

14.00 7.00

Precipi. (mm)
12.00 6.00

10.00 5.00

8.00 4.00

6.00 3.00

4.00 2.00

2.00 1.00

0.00 0.00
25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89
DAP
WR Binong WR Pagaden WR Purwadadi WR Pamanukan
CH Binong CH Pagaden CH Purwadadi CH Pamanukan

Fig 5. Water requirements response to precipitation

Precip. WR Precipitation increase soil water content

References: Taufik and Setiawan 2012; Wahjunie et al. 2008)
Table 1. Evapotranspiration calculation with Penman-monteith, Thornthwaite and Observation
ETc Penman-monteith
Demoplot
Desember Januari Februari Maret April Mei
Binong 9.20 8.90 12.21 11.94 11.38 -
Pagaden - 11.10 14.11 13.63 13.49 -
Purwadadi - 10.67 13.48 13.14 12.88 -
Pamanukan - 9.85 12.52 11.92 11.78 -
Cijambe - - 8.72 10.90 10.86 10.55
ETc Thorntwaite
Desember Januari Februari Maret April Mei
5.90 5.49 7.45 7.31 7.31 -
- 6.97 8.14 7.76 7.92 -
- 6.16 7.13 7.63 7.40 -
- 6.11 7.09 7.54 7.67 -
- - 2.00 2.24 2.71 3.47
ET Observasi
Desember Januari Februari Maret April Mei
- 6.56 11.90 11.10 11.28 -
- - 10.34 13.68 11.69 -
- - 11.31 8.63 10.35 -
- - 13.60 11.52 11.10 -
- - - - - -
Table 2. Comparison average WR, climate variables, and phenological variables each demoplot

Variabel
Demoplot T Tillers per Crop
Precip. RH Panicles
Average plant Height
Binong 29 600 86 38 31 123.88
Purwadadi 28 536 88 29 23 112.84
Pamanukan 29 1033 87 49 49 140.20
Pagaden 31 542 84 24 17 134.84
Cijambe 25 2471 85 30 19 104.63

Table 3. One-way ANOVA results for T average

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 34661.500 22 1575.523 1.652 .050
Within Groups 93488.410 98 953.963
Total 128149.911 120
Table 4. One-way ANOVA results for tillers
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 28517.628 24 1188.235 4.325 .004
Within Groups 3571.267 13 274.713
Total 32088.895 37
Table 2. Comparison average WR, climate variables, and phenological variables each demoplot

Variabel
Demoplot Tillers per Crop
T Average Precip. RH Panicles
plant Height
Binong 29 600 86 38 31 123.88
Purwadadi 28 536 88 29 23 112.84
Pamanukan 29 1033 87 49 49 140.20
Pagaden 31 542 84 24 17 134.84
Cijambe 25 2471 85 30 19 104.63

Table 3. One-way ANOVA results for T average

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 34661.500 22 1575.523 1.652 .050
Within Groups 93488.410 98 953.963
Total 128149.911 120
Table 4. One-way ANOVA results for tillers
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 28517.628 24 1188.235 4.325 .004
Within Groups 3571.267 13 274.713
Total 32088.895 37
 Discussions The Response of Water Requirement to
Climate and Phenological Variables

Table 5. Independent sample T test results for Binong and Pamanukan

Levene's
Test for
t-test for Equality of Means
Equality of
Variances
95%
Std. Confidence
Mean Error Interval of
Sig. (2- Differenc
F Sig. t df tailed) the
Differenc
e e Difference
Lower Upper
Equal
variances .053 .819 -
2.316 129 .022 -.536 .232 -.995 -.078
assumed
TMean Equal
variances - 128.98
2.411 4 .017 -.536 .222 -.977 -.096
not
assumed
Table 2. Comparison average WR, climate variables, and phenological variables each demoplot

Variabel
Demoplot Tillers per Crop
T Average Precip. RH Panicles
plant Height
Binong 29 600 86 38 31 123.88
Purwadadi 28 536 88 29 23 112.84
Pamanukan 29 1033 87 49 49 140.20
Pagaden 31 542 84 24 17 134.84
Cijambe 25 2471 85 30 19 104.63

Table 3. One-way ANOVA results for T average

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 34661.500 22 1575.523 1.652 .050
Within Groups 93488.410 98 953.963
Total 128149.911 120
Table 4. One-way ANOVA results for tillers
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 28517.628 24 1188.235 4.325 .004
Within Groups 3571.267 13 274.713
Total 32088.895 37
Discussions The Response of Water Requirement to
Climate and Phenological Variables

Table 6. Independent sample T test results for Pamanukan and Pagaden

Levene's Test
for Equality of t-test for Equality of Means
Variances
Std. 95% Confidence
Sig. (2- Mean Error Interval of the
F Sig. t df
tailed) Difference Differenc Difference
e Lower Upper
Equal
variances .198 .657 -5.436 105 .000 -1.192 .219 -1.627 -.757
assumed
TMean
Equal
102.22
variances not -5.418 .000 -1.192 .220 -1.629 -.756
3
assumed
Equal
variances 7.417 .008 2.737 101 .007 2.205 .806 .607 3.804
assumed
RH
Equal
variances not 2.656 80.424 .010 2.205 .830 .553 3.858
assumed
Equal
variances 7.606 .013 3.496 19 .002 22.791 6.519 9.146 36.435
assumed
Panicle
Equal
variances not 3.379 12.115 .005 22.791 6.744 8.112 37.469
assumed
Table 2. Comparison average WR, climate variables, and phenological variables each demoplot

Variabel
Demoplot Tillers per Crop
T Average Precip. RH Panicles
plant Height
Binong 29 600 86 38 31 123.88
Purwadadi 28 536 88 29 23 112.84
Pamanukan 29 1033 87 49 49 140.20
Pagaden 31 542 84 24 17 134.84
Cijambe 25 2471 85 30 19 104.63

Table 3. One-way ANOVA results for T average

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 34661.500 22 1575.523 1.652 .050
Within Groups 93488.410 98 953.963
Total 128149.911 120
Table 4. One-way ANOVA results for tillers
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 28517.628 24 1188.235 4.325 .004
Within Groups 3571.267 13 274.713
Total 32088.895 37
Discussions The Response of Water Requirement to
Climate and Phenological Variables

Table 7. Independent sample T test results for Purwadadi and Pagaden

Levene's
Test for
t-test for Equality of Means
Equality of
Variances
95%
Std. Confidence
Sig. Mean Error
F Sig. t df (2- Differen Interval of the
Differen Difference
tailed) ce ce
Lower Upper
Equal -
variances 5.60 .020 14.94 104 .000 -2.869 .192 -3.250 -2.488
4
assumed 4
TMean Equal
variances -
14.72 85.65 .000 -2.869 .195 -3.256 -2.482
not 3
assumed 2
Equal
variances 3.86 .053 3.667 87 .000 3.307 .902 1.514 5.099
4
assumed
RH Equal
variances 84.18
3.728 2 .000 3.307 .887 1.543 5.070
not
assumed
Table 2. Comparison average WR, climate variables, and phenological variables each demoplot

Variabel
Demoplot Tillers per Crop
T Average Precip. RH Panicles
plant Height
Binong 29 600 86 38 31 123.88
Purwadadi 28 536 88 29 23 112.84
Pamanukan 29 1033 87 49 49 140.20
Pagaden 31 542 84 24 17 134.84
Cijambe 25 2471 85 30 19 104.63

Table 3. One-way ANOVA results for T average

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 34661.500 22 1575.523 1.652 .050
Within Groups 93488.410 98 953.963
Total 128149.911 120
Table 4. One-way ANOVA results for tillers
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 28517.628 24 1188.235 4.325 .004
Within Groups 3571.267 13 274.713
Total 32088.895 37
 The Response of Water Requirement to
Discussions Climate and Phenological Variables

Table 8. Independent sample T test results for Purwadadi and Cijambe

Levene's Test
for Equality t-test for Equality of Means
of Variances
95%
Std. Confidence
Mean
Sig. (2- Differen Error
F Sig. t df tailed) Interval of the
Differen Difference
ce ce
Lower Upper
Equal
variances 17.745 .000 16.557 146 .000 2.799 .169 2.465 3.133
assumed
TMean Equal
variances 141.51
18.070 5 .000 2.799 .155 2.493 3.105
not
assumed
Equal
variances 6.364 .013 2.946 133 .004 2.648 .899 .870 4.425
assumed
RH Equal
variances 114.04
3.413 5 .001 2.648 .776 1.111 4.185
not
assumed
 The Response of Water Requirement to
Discussions Climate and Phenological Variables

Number of tillers Crop Height LAI WR

Under the same climatic conditions,

phenological variable affect significantly to
water requirements

References: Aryal 2012; Beadle 1993; Widyaswari et al. 2017

 Results and Rainfall Availability on Crop Water
Discussions Requirements

3000.00

2500.00
Water Level (mm)

2000.00

1500.00

1000.00

500.00

0.00
Binong Purwadadi Pagaden Pamanukan Cijambe
Demoplot

Total WR Rainfall ERF vegetative WR Generatif WR

Fig 6. Comparison between total WR and total rainfall for each demoplot
 Irrigation’s Time by Farmers to
Results Meet Water Requirement

300 20
18
250
16

Outflow (mm)
14
200
Inflow (mm)

12
150 10
8
100
6
4
50
2
0 0
32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
Day after plant
SWC total CH Infiltrasi Drain Ep Tp ETp
Fig 7. Water balance simulation for demoplot Binong
 Results Irrigation’s Time by Farmers to
Meet Water Requirement

400 16
350 14
300 12

Outflow (mm)
250 10
Inflow (mm)

200 8
150 6
100 4
50 2
0 0
38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86
Day after plant

SWC total CH Infiltrasi Drain Ep Tp ETp

Fig 8. Water balance simulation for demoplot Pagaden
 Irrigation’s Time by Farmers to
Results Meet Water Requirement

400 15
14
350 13
12
300 11

Outflow (mm)
Inflow (mm)

10
250 9
8
200
7
150 6
5
100 4
3
50 2
1
0 0
32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
Day after plant
SWC total CH Infiltrasi Drain Ep Tp ETp
Fig 9. Water balance simulation for demoplot Purwadadi
 80 350
35 350 60 350
70 300
30 300 300

Water level (mm)

50 60 250

Water level (mm)

Water level (mm)

25 250 250 50
40 200
20 200 200 40
30 150
15 150 150 30
20 20 100
10 100 100
10 10 50
5 50 50
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 50 100
0 50 100 0 50 100
DAP DAP
DAP
Akumulasi CH Pamanukan Akumulasi CH Binong Binong
Akumulasi CH Cijambe Cijambe

140 350 50 350

120 300 300
Water level (mm)

Water level (mm)

40
100 250 250
80 200 30 200
60 150 20 150
40 100 100
10
20 50 50
0 0 0 0
0 50 100 0 50 100
DAP DAP
Akumulasi CH Purwadadi Purwadadi
Akumulasi CH Pagaden Pagaden

Fig 10. Relationship between soil water level and weekly rainfall for each demoplot
 Water requirement estimation on Binong,
Pamanukan, Pagaden, Purwadadi and Cijambe are
1133mm/plant season, 1242mm/plant season,
1216mm/plant season, 896mm/plant season,
558mm/plant season
 Water requirements follow average air
temperature and daily rainfall fluctuations
 Total rainfall deficit for 1 planting season in each
demoplot except Cijambe.
 Farmers in each demoplot provide irrigation based
on the number of rainy days and weekly rainfall
to overcome the deficit of wetland water
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