Modeling the Excited

Hydrogen Molecule using

Newtonian Mechanics

Samia Shuchi, Shannon Perry, and James Espinosa

Dept. of Physical Sciences, Weatherford College
 Outline

I. Line and Band Spectra

II. Emission Theory of Electromagnetism
III. Magnetic Model for hydrogen
IV. Molecular Hydrogen
III. Simulation Results
IV. Experimental Comparison
V. Conclusion
2
 Line and Band Spectra

3
 Line and Band Spectra

4
 Line and Band Spectra

5
 Modified Emission Theory of
Electromagnetism

 QQ  3  k  v  2 31  k   2 r   k  1   r  r 1 fN T v2  
     
c 3 3 0 bf
F21  1 2 2  1     v  ˆ
r  a 2  ˆ
r  ˆ
r  v  ˆ
r v  a 2  (  ( N ) df )(  ( N ) 1  )(2 / 3) a 2
4 0 r  4 c 4c 2 2c 2  2c 2 c2 c2 
bf

 ( N )  Cf  T  bf  e
2 T
)

6
 Magnetic Model

• Electron is in precessing ellipse. From scattering

data, the eccentricity is 0.9999. Perigee is 2x10 -10 m.
Apogee is 10-14m with a speed of 3.6 x 106m/s. There is no radiation
damping according to Ritz’s force law.
• Magnetic field produced by elementary nuclear magnets with dipole
strength of μ= 8.5X10-56J/T with a size of 2.23 x10-21m. Electrons vibrate in
field. Arrangements of magnets depends on atom. Hydrogen has a simple
linear arrangement of 1,000,000 elementary magnets. We will use it for
simple illustration.
•Electron is located r1 and r2 from two ends of linear array which has length
l.
 1 1 1 1 
H   2  2    2  2
 r1 r2   r1  l  r1  
7
 Magnetic Model cont’d

   1 1 
H  2 2 2 For one magnet of length
2a located na from electron
a 2 n 
   1 1 
H  2 2 2 For m magnets located na
from electron
a m n 
eH e  1 1 
  2 
 2
4me c 4me ca  m n 
2

8
 Molecular Hydrogen

4
e iej rji
miai = Σ
j=1
, i = 1, 2, 3, 4
rji
r²ij
j≠i

9
 Molecular Hydrogen

10
 Molecular Hydrogen

11
 Simulation Results

E=-50.7 x 10-12 ergs

D= 0.742 Angstroms

T=.759x10-14 sec

Simulation gives us D and T 3.9% and 0.7% different.

12
 Conclusion

Newtonian mechanics can simulate molecular hydrogen.

Future work will concentrate on experimental frequencies.

13