EARTHWORKS

Group 3:
ALCALA, Angelo
DELOY, John Paul
PATOSA, Czarina
BAYETA, Earl Jane
RESULLAR, Roland Bryan
Objectives:
a. To define the terms of earthworks and
its purpose for computation; and

b. To determine what are the different

methods that can be used to solve for
areas and volumes related to
earthworks.
Earthworks
 Earthwork is a generic term for all items
of work, materials and operations
required to construct the excavated areas
and the embankments of a project.

 are engineering works created through

the processing of parts of the earth's
surface involving quantities of soil or
unformed rock.
Why have earthwork computations
first?
 Save time and money

 Efficiency

 Measurements/Documentations
Terms
 Embankment - compacted fill material needed to
construct the roadway, excluding the base and pavement
portions of the roadway and shoulders.
 Regular Excavation - excavation necessary for
the construction of the roadway, ditches, ponds, channel
changes, and etc.
 Subsoil Excavation - Excavation, removal and
disposal of any material that is unsuitable in its original
position and that is excavated below the finished
grading template.
Terms
 Cut & Fill
Cross Section Method
 End Area Calculations

 Level Sections
 3-level Sections
 Triangular Sections
 5-level Sections
 Other Sections
End Area Calculations
 Level Sections

w
A  c(d  )  c( w  cs )
2
w 40
A  c(d  )  7.6(31.4  )  390.6
2 2

A  c( w  cs)  7.6(40  7.6 1.5)  390.6

 3-Level Sections

w c
A  (hL  hr )  (d L  d r )
4 2

40 6.8
A (7.0  6.4)  (30.5  29.6)  338.34
4 2
 5-Level Sections

1
A  (cw  hL d L  hr d r )
2
1
A  (5.8  30  6.9  23.1  6.7  27.3)  258.2
2
 Transition Sections

1 w 1
A  (  h)  ( wh)
2 2 4
1 1
Ac  (40  2.6)  15.6 A f  (30  2.0)  15.0
4 4
 Coordinate Areas

30 ‘ top, left shoulder (-15, 0) Assign (0, 0)

0 0 7 .2 8 .8 7.0 8.0 8.1 9.3 9.4 0 0

0  15  25.8  20  14.7 0.0 18.0 24.0 29.1 15 0
 Coordinate Calc Example

0 0 7.2 8.8 7.0 8.0 8.1 9.3 9.4 0 0

0  15  25.8  20  14.7 0 18 24 29.1 15 0

0(15)  0(25.8)  7.2(20)  8.8(14.7) 

 
1   7 .0( 0 )  8. 0(18)  8. 1( 24)  9.3( 29. 1)  9.4(15) 
A    338.2
2  7.2(15)  8.8(25.8)  7.0(20)  8.0(14.7) 

  8.1(0)  9.3(18)  9.4(24)  0(29.1)  0(15)  
 
Conversion factors:
Volume using Average End Area
Method
When the previous end area results
in zero:
Example:

A roadway is to be designed on a level

terrain. This roadway is 150 meters in length.
Four cross sections have been selected, one
at 0 meters, one at 50 meters, one at 100
meters, and one at 150 meters. The cross
sections, respectively, have areas of 40
square meters, 42 square meters, 19 square
meters, and 34 square meters. What is the
volume of earthwork needed along this
road?
Key:
 Ex. 2:
Given the end areas below, calculate the volumes of cut
(in cubic meters) and fill between stations 0+00 and
1+50. Determine the true amount of excess cut or fill
to be removed.
Key: