PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

GROUP 5
IBONG ADARNA ( SUMMARY )
Fernando . His wife was Doña Valeriana and
they have three sons, namely: Don Pedro, Don
Diego and Don Juan. One day, King Fernando
became sick because of a bad dream wherein
he clearly saw in his dream of how Don Juan
was killed by two traitors. He was very worried
and because of that, he became very sick. The
kingdom hurriedly called a doctor and with
that, they found out that the only cure is the
song of the mysterious bird, that can be found
The doctor warned that the Adarna was actually an
enchantress.
The eldest, Don Pedro went first. His journey lasted for
three months but he failed. He became a stone because
of the poops of the Adarna landed on his head. Twelve
months pass with no word from Don Pedro so next was
Don Diego whose journey lasted for five months. He also
failed as he became a stone like his brother.
Three years pass, and Don Juan offers to look for his
brothers as well as the Adarna Bird. Though his family
did not permit him to have a journey, he persisted to go
as the bird would heal his father, and in order to save his
piece a month. After four months he reaches the top of Mt.
Tabor where he meets an old hermit. Because of his kind
heartedness to the hermit whom he gave his last piece of bread,
he knew the secret of how to catch the bird and not to
experience the misfortune of his brothers. He succeeded in
catching the bird, and with the advice of the hermit; he
sprinkled water to his two brothers who went back into their
human form.
They hurriedly went back to Berbania bringing with them the
bird that would heal their father’s illness. In their journey, Don
Pedro felt jealous towards Don Juan. He cannot accept that his
brother would accept the honor of getting the bird, so he made
Don Diego as his conspirator to betray Don Juan. They both
punched Don Juan and left him unconscious while both of them
Though the two princes went home with the bird, the bird did
not sing. The king’s condition got worse as he saw that his
youngest son wasn’t there. Because of firm belief in God and
with the help of an old man, Don Juan was healed. The
kingdom was very happy knowing that Don Juan went back.
The bird sang when it saw Don Juan. When the king heard the
song, he was healed and charged the two elder siblings and
punished them of treachery. Don Juan intercepted his father,
and wished to forgive them. The kingdom went happy again.
Because of too much shame, jealousy and anger, Don
Pedro and Don Diego betrayed Don Juan again. They set
the bird free when Don Juan slept while guarding it. To
hide the sins of his brothers from his father, Don Juan
decided to abandon the kingdom. He stayed in a
mountain in Armenia wherein he was followed by his
brothers who got attracted to the beautiful view of the
place, and later on, decided to stay temporarily. In this
place, they discovered a mysterious well. It was made of
gold and silver. They decided to go inside it, but only
Don Juan who successfully managed towards its
deepness. He met two princesses who were very
beautiful- Princess Leonora and Princess Juana, who
Because of her beauty, Don Juan got attracted to Princess Juana. Don Juan
also got attracted to Princess Leonora when he saw her. He fall in love with
Princess Leonora and he took the risk of getting her out of the well. He
succeeded and safely rescued the princesses, and they eventually got out of
the well. After they got out, Don Pedro fall in love with Princess Leonora.
Don Pedro thought of doing a bad thing to Don Juan once more. Princess
Leonora coincidentally left her diamond ring and Don Juan insisted to get it.
He hurriedly tied the rope to go down to the well but his brothers cut it,
which made him fall down.
When they returned in Berbania, they lied to their father telling that they
did not see Don Juan. Without the knowledge of the brothers, Princess
Leonora commanded her wolf to go after Don Juan. The fox healed and
helped Don Juan. It guarded him until he regained his strength. He tightly
hugged the fox as a sign of gratitude. Don Juan journeyed alone the forest,
and he saw Ibong Adarna once more. It advised him to forget Princess
Leonora and to head to Crystal Kingdom (Delos Cristal) wherein he would
Don Juan obeyed the advice of Ibong Adarna, and he bravely traveled the
mountains and forests just to reach the Crystal Kingdom. With the help
of a hermit, and his eagle, Don Juan succeeded his mission. He saw the
gorgeous princess Maria Blanca, and he felt deeply in love with her. She
was angry at him at first, but because of sincerity and pureness of Don
Juan’s love, she also fall in love with him. He did not easily got Princess
Maria’s hand because of her father’s cruelty. King Salermo gave many
challenges, and he succeeded those challenges with Princess Maria’s help
and through her powers.
King Salermo was against the relationship of Princess Maria and Don
Juan. And so, the couple decided to escape and headed to Berbania. King
Salermo was in wrath and he cursed his daughter. The couple arrived in
Berbania safely, but Don Juan wanted Princess Maria to stay in a hut so
that he could inform his family to give her a great welcome in their
kingdom. Princess Maria told her lover not to forget her and to avoid
mingling with other girls. Don Juan arrived to the kingdom, and everyone
arrival. Her affection towards him enlivened, so she told the king about
her feelings to Don Juan. Their marriage was prepared in an instant.
Princess Maria heard the news and she was furious towards Don Juan.
She arrived on the wedding day, and she presented a strange show that
would make Don Juan remember their past. She was outraged because
Don Juan was not able to remember anything. When she was about to
break the bottle that would give a great disaster to the kingdom, Don Juan
instantly remember their love story. Don Juan told his father that he truly
loved Princess Maria. Everyone understood the situation, and their
wedding took place.
Because of Don Juan’s valor, King Fernando chose him as the next king of
Berbania, but Princess Maria refused, as her kingdom, Delos Ccrystal
waited for them. Instead of him, they suggested that Don Pedro should be
the next to rule. Don Pedro and Princess Leonora got married and later
on, both reigned as the new king and queen of Berbania. Don Juan and
Princess Maria went back to Delos Crystal where they knew that the king
ANG DAPAT MABATID NG MGA TAGALOG
ANDRES BONIFACIO
 Andres Bonifacio shows in this essay
EXECUTIVE his tripartite view of Philippine
SUMMARY
history (Liwanag, Dilim, Liwanag) and exhorts the Filipinos to fight for
independence. Bonifacio writes about the true conditions of the
Philippines before the coming of the Spaniards. He reiterates that it was
a period of ' Liwanag ' . The Filipinos enjoyed prosperity (kaginhawaan),
abundance (kasaganahan) and a thriving trade relations with
neighboring countries especially Japan. But the Spaniards came and
offered the natives friendship and a path towards knowledge. Although
sealed by a blood compact between Sikatuna and Legazpi, the Spaniards
did not keep their promise. Bonifacio stresses that this was a period of '
Dilim ' when the Filipinos suffered treachery, slavery and hunger under
the Spaniards. Bonifacio declares that it was the time ' for the light of
truth to shine ' or a new period of ' Liwanag ' . He tells the people to
follow reason (katwiran), to understand the true state of the country
Andres Bonifacio shows in this essay his tripartite view of Philippine history (Liwanag, Dilim, Liwanag) and
exhorts the Filipinos to fight for independence. Bonifacio writes about the true conditions of the
Philippines before the coming of the Spaniards. He reiterates that it was a period of ' Liwanag ' . The
Filipinos enjoyed prosperity (kaginhawaan), abundance (kasaganahan) and a thriving trade relations with
neighboring countries especially Japan. But the Spaniards came and offered the natives friendship and a
path towards knowledge. Although sealed by a blood compact between Sikatuna and Legazpi, the
Spaniards did not keep their promise. Bonifacio stresses that this was a period of ' Dilim ' when the
Filipinos suffered treachery, slavery and hunger under the Spaniards. Bonifacio declares that it was the
time ' for the light of truth to shine ' or a new period of ' Liwanag ' . He tells the people to follow reason
(katwiran), to understand the true state of the country and to unite (magkaisang-loob) against the evils
(kasamaan) in our country (Bayan).
NOLI ME
TANGERE
JOSE RIZAL
 NOLI ME TANGERE (NOLI)

 Written by Jose P. Rizal

 Published in Germany in 1887
 “ The Social Cancer “ or “ Touch Me Not “
 Similar from the American Novel “ Uncle
Toms Cabin “
by Harriet Beecher Stowe

CHARACTERS
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin
Son of Filipino businessman, Don Rafael Ibarra, He studied in Europe for seven
years
 Maria Clara
Crisostomo Ibarra’s fiancé, she is the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in
San Diego. She is an illegitimate daughter of Father Damaso
 Don Santiago Delos Santos “Capitan Tiago”
He is considered one of the most hospitable men in the town. He is also known
as the father of Maria Clara
 Elias
He is the mysterious friend of Crisostomo Ibarra. He believes that justice can be
 CHARACTERS
 Friar Damaso Vardolagas
A Franciscan friar and the former parish curate of San Diego. He is
known as notorious character that speaks with harsh words
and has been a cruel priest during his stay in the town
 Friar Hernando de la Sibyla
He is a Filipino friar, a Dominican curate in Binondo, described as
short and has fair skin
 Friar Bernardo Salvi
He is the curate of San Diego and the secret admirer of Maria Clara
 CHARACTERS
 Don Anastacio
He is known as Pilosopong Tacio. He is pessimist, wise and
intelligent man
 Don Tiburcio Espanada
He is a false doctor and the Spanish husband of Dona
Victorina
 Dona Victorina
She is a woman is ashamed of being a Filipino
 The Alferez
He is the Chief of Guardia Civil
 CHARACTERS
 Dona Consolacion
She is the wife of Alferez and passes herself off as a Peninsulares. She is very
abusive to Sisa
 Sisa
A loving mother of Basilio and Crispin
 Crispin
The younger son of Sisa and died because of being punished from the
soldiers. He is accused of stealing an amount of money in the convent where
he works with Basilio as a sacristan
 Basilio
 SUMMARY
The young and idealistic Juan Crisostomo Ibarra
returns home after seven years in Europe. The
wealthy meztizo, like his father Don Rafael
endeavors for reform primarily in the area of
education in order to eliminate poverty and
improve the lives of his countrymen. Upon
learning about his father’s demise and the denial
of a Catholic burial for his father Ibarra was
provoked to hit Padre Damaso which eventually
lead to his excommunication. The
excommunication was later rescinded upon the
 SUMMARY
Padre Salvi, Ibarra’s mortal enemy accused Ibarra
of insurrection. Ibarra’s letter to his beloved Maria Clara
was used against him. Later in the story, Maria Clara
will tell Ibarra that she did not conspire to indict him.
She was compelled to give Ibarra’s letter in exchange for
the letters of her mother before she was born. Maria
Clara found out that the letters of her mother were
addressed to Padre Damaso about their unborn child
which means that she is the biological daughter of the
priest and not of her father, Capitan Tiago
 Meanwhile, Ibarra was able to escape the prison with Elias,
SUMMARY
who also experienced injustice with the authorities. Ibarra was
able to speak with Maria Clara about the letters and thereafter
forgave her. Ibarra and Elias flee to the lake and were chased by
the Guardia Civil. One was shot and the other survives. Upon
hearing the news, Maria Clara believed that Ibarra was dead; she
entered the nunnery instead of marrying Alfonso Linares.

The fatally wounded Elias found the child Basilio and his
dead mother Sisa. The latter was driven to insanity when she
learned that her children were implicated for theft by the
sacristan mayor. Elias instructed Basilio to dig for his and Sisa’s
graves and there is a buried treasure which he can use for his
THANK YOU 