Pengertian Gain, Attenuasi dan Decibels

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 Gain, attenuation, dan Decibel
• Gain = penguatan, atau dikatakan sebagai
perbandingan output dan input dimana
output lebih besar daripada input.
• Attenuation = redaman, dikatakan sebagai
perbandingan output dan input dimana
output lebih kecil daripada input.
• Decibel (dB): satuan ukuran yang dipakai
untuk menyatakan Gain dan Attenuation.
 Gain = amplification
output Vout output Pout
Av   Ap  
input Vin input Pin

Amplifier

Vin Vout Vin=1mV 5mV 15mV Vout=60mV

Input signal output signal

A1= 5 A2= 3 A3= 4

V
A  gain  out
Vin AT= A1 x A2 x A3 = 5 x 3 x 4 = 60
 Contoh soal
1. Berapa penguatan tegangan sebuah penguat yang menghasilkan
tegangan keluaran 750 mV dari sumber masukan 30 mV ?

Vout 750 103

Av   6
 25.000
Vin 30 10
2. The power output of an amplifier is 6 watts (W). The power gain is 80.
What is the input power?
Pout Pout
Ap  therefore Pin 
Pin Ap
6
Pin   0.075 W  75 mW
80
 Contoh soal
3. Three cascaded amplifiers have power gain of 5, 2, and 17.
The input power is 40 mW. What is the output power?
Ap  A1  A2  A3  5  2 17  170
Pout
Ap  therefore Pout  Ap Pin
Pin
Pout  170(40 10 3 )  6.8 W
4. A two stage amplifier has an input power of 25 mW and an output
power of 1.5 mW. One stage has a gain of 3. What is the gain of
the second stage?
Pout 1.5 10 3
Ap   6
 60
Pin 25 10
Ap  A1  A2
if A1  3, then 60  3  A2 and A2  60 / 3  20
 Attenuation = redaman
output Vout
attenuation A  
Vin
input Vin

 R2 
R1=200W
Vout  Vin  
 R1  R2 
 R2  100
R2=100W A      0.3333
 R1  R2  300

Vin Loss Loss Loss Vout

stage circuit component
A1=0,2 A2=0,9 A3=0,06
AT= A1 x A2 x A3 = 0.2 X 0.9 x 0.06 = 0.0108
Vout = AT Vin= 0.0324 = 32.4 mV
 Redaman
Vin
250
A1  AT  A1 A2  0,25(4)  1
R1=750W (750  250)
Vout = Vin 250
A1   0,25
A2 = 4
1000
R2=250W

Vin = 1.5 V Loss 0.15V 1.5V Loss 0.45V Vout = 6.75 V

stage stage

A1= 0.1 A2= 10 A3= 0.3 A4= 15

AT = A1 A2 A3 A4 = (0.1)(10)(0.3)(15) = 4.5
 Contoh soal
A voltage divider like that shown in Fig. 2-5 has values of R1 = 10 kW and
R2 = 470 W.

a. What is the attenuation?

R2 470
A1   A1  0.045
R1  R2 10,470
b. What amplifier gain would you need to offset the loss for an overall
gain of 1 ?
AT = A1A2

where A1 is attenuation and A2 is the amplifier gain

1
1  0.045 A2 A2   22.3
0.045
Note:
To find the gain that will offset the loss for unity gain, just take
the reciprocal of attenuation: A2 = 1/A1
 Contoh soal
An amplifier has a gain of 45,000, which is too much for the
application. With an input voltage of 20mV, what attenuation
factor is needed to keep the output voltage from exceeding
100 mV?
Let A1 = amplifier gain = 45,000; A2 = attenuation factor; AT =
total gain.

Vout 100 10 3

AT   6
 5,000
Vin 20 10
AT 5,000
AT  A1 A2 therefore A2    0.1111
A1 45,000
 Decibel (dB)
Vout It is common for electronic circuits
dB  20 log (1) and systems to have extremely
Vin high gains or attenuations, often
in excess of 1 million.
I out
dB  20 log (2) Dengan mengubah angka di atas
I in
menjadi decibel (dB) akan
Pout membuatnya terkesan menjadi
dB  10 log (3) lebih kecil dan mudah digunakan.
Pin

Formula (1) untuk menyatakan penguatan (gain) atau

redaman (attenuation) tegangan dari suatu rangkaian.
Formula (2) untuk penguatan atau redaman arus
Formula (3) untuk penguatan atau redaman daya
 Contoh
a. An amplifier has an input of 3 mV and an output of 5 V. What is
the gain in decibels?
5
dB  20 log  20 log 1666.67  20(3.22)  64.4
0.003
b. A filter has a power input of 50 mW and an output of 2 mW.
What is the gain or attenuation?
 2
dB  10 log    10 log 0.04  10(1.398)  13.98
 50 

Note that when the circuit has gain, the decibel figure is
positive. If the gain is less than 1, which means that there
is an attenuation, the decibel figure is negative.
 dB (decibel)

Adalah satuan factor penguatan jika nilainya positif, dan

pelemahan/redaman/loss jika nilainya negative.
Jika input = 1 watt, output = 100 watt maka terjadi
penguatan (G) 100 kali, maka G = 10 log 100/1 = 20 dB
Jika input = 100 watt, output = 50 watt maka terjadi
redaman/loss daya (G), maka G = 10 log 50/100 = -3 dB

( maka disebut redaman / loss 3 dB)

• dBW (Decibel Watt ) dan dBm adalah satuan level daya
• dBW :adalah satuan level daya dengan referensi daya 1
watt P(dBW) = 10 Log P(watt)/1 watt
dBm:adalah satuan level daya dengan referensi daya 1 mW
= 10-3 watt
• P (dBm) = 10 Log P(watt)/10-3 watt
• 10 Watt = P (dBW) = 10 Log 10 Watt/1 Watt (= 10 Log 10 = 10
dBW)
• 1000 Watt = P (dBW) = 10 Log 1000 Watt /1 Watt (= 10 Log
1000 = 30 dBW)
• 10 Watt = P(dBm) = 10 Log 10/10-3 = 10 Log 104 = 10*4 = 40
dBm
• 100 Watt = P(dBm) = 10 Log 100/10-3 = 10 Log 105 = 10*5 =
50 dBm
• 1000 Watt = P(dBm) = 10 Log 1000/10-3 = 10 Log 106 = 10*6 =
60 dBm
• Terlihat bahwa dari dBw ke dBm terdapat selisih 30 dB
sehingga dapat dirumuskan :
P (dBm) = P (dBW) + 30 atau, P (dBW) = P (dBm) – 30
Contoh :
1. Sebuah Amplifier mempunyai gain = 20 dB, jika diberi input 10
dBm berapa output amplifier tersebut? Jawab : Pout (dBm) =
Pin(dBm) + G = 10 + 20 = 30 dBm.
2. Sebuah Amplifier dengan gain 30 dB, jika outputnya sebesar
45 dBm berapa level inputnya? Jawab : Pout(dBm) = Pin (dBm) +
G =? Pin = Pout G = 45 - 30 = 15 dBm
3. Output amplifier sebesar 30 dBm akan dilewatkan kabel
dengan redaman / loss 2 dB. Berapa level sinyal setelah melewati
kabel?
Jawab : Pout = Pin L = 30 - 2 = 28 dBm
gain (redaman) total:
A1=15dB A2= - 20dB A3= 35dB
Loss
stage

AT = A1 + A2 + A3
AT = 15 – 20 + 35 = 30 dB

Antilog:
 Contoh soal
1. A power amplifier with a 40 dB gain has an output power of 100 W.
What is the input power?
Pout dB Pout
dB  10 log   log
Pin 10 Pin
40 Pout Pout
 log   anti log 4
10 Pin Pin
Pout Pout 100
 10 4  Pin    10 mW
Pin 10,000 10,000
2. A power amplifier has a gain of 60 dB. If the input voltage is 50mV,
what is the output voltage?
Vout dB V
dB  20 log   log out
Vin 20 Vin
Vout Vout
3  log   103  1000
Vin Vin
Vout  1000 Vin  Vout  1000(5 10 6 )  50 mV
 dBm dan dBm
dBm adalah ratio logaritmik dengan acuan 1 mW  untuk daya
dBm adalah ratio logaritmik dengan acuan 1 mVolt  untuk
tegangan
Px Vx
dBm  10 log dan dBm  20 log
1 mW 1 mV

Contoh:
1. Nyatakan 20 dBm dalam watt. Daya = 100 mW
2. Nyatakan 40 dBm dalam volt. Tegangan = 100 mV

Contoh:
A1= 30dB A2= - 10dB A3= 3dB

1mW Loss ???

stage