Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Description of
Irregularities in Rubber
Goods.
• Abrasions and scratches –This is surface
damage that normally occurs when the rubber
material makes contact with an abrasive
surface.
• Age cracks –Surface cracks that may look like
crazing of glazed ceramics and may become
progressively worse. Age cracks are due to
slow oxidation caused by exposure to sunlight
and ozone. It normally starts and areas of the
rubber that are under stress.
• Chemical boom – a white or yellowish
discoloration on the surface. It is caused by
migration of chemical additives to the surface.
• Color splash – this is a spot or blotch caused
by a contrasting colored particle of
unvulcanized rubber that became embedded
into the finished product during the
manufacturing process.
• Cuts – these are smooth incisions in the
surface of the rubber caused by contact with
sharp-edged object.
• Depression or indentation – a shallow recess
which exhibits a thinner rubber thickness atr
the bottom of the depression than in the
surrounding areas.
• Detergent cracks – cracks that appear on the
inside surface of the glove or sleeve. The
cracks form around a spot of detergent
residue that was not removed during the
cleaning and risning of the form prior to the
dipping process.
• Embedded foreign matter – this is particle of
non-rubber that has been embedded in the
rubber during the manufacturing process. It
• Form marks –this is a raised or indented
section on the surface of the rubber. It is
caused by an irregularity in the form that was
used to mold the product.
• Hard spot – a hardened spot caused by
exposure to high heat or chemicals
• Mold mark – a raised or indented section
caused by an irregularity in the mold
• Scratches, nicks, and snags – angular tears,
notcyhes, or chip like injuries in the surface of
the rubber caused by sharp objectys such as
wire, pointed tool, stapels or other similar
• Ozone cracks – a series of interlacing cracks
that start at stress points and worsen as a
result of ozone-induce4d oxidation.
• Parting line or flash line – a ridge of rubber
left on finish products. They occur at mold
joins during manufacturing.
• Pitting – a pockmark in the rubber surface., it
is often created by the rupturing of an air
bubble close to the surface during
manufacturing.
• Protuberance – a bulge or swelling above the
surface of the rubber.
• Puncture – penetration by a sharp object
through the entire thickness of the product.
• Repair marks – and area of the rubber with a
different texture. Usually caused by repair of
the mold or form.
• Runs – raised flow marks which occur on
rubber glove fingers during the dipoping
process.
• Skin breaks – cavities in the surface of the
rubber. They have filmy ragged edges and
smooth interior surfaces., they are usually
caused by embedded dirt specks during the
• Soft spots – areas of the rubber which have
been soft or tacky as a result of heat, oils, or
chemical solvents.
• Tears - A rip through the entire thickness of
the rubber. Usually caused by forceful pulling
at the edge.
Electrical testing. rubber insulating equipment should be electrically tested
periodically. Insert table – summarizes the requirements and/or
recommendations for such testing. Electrical testing of rubber goods is a
relatively specialized procedure and should be performed only by
organization with the necessary equipment and experience
• How to use
The specifics of hot stick use will depend upon
the task being performed and the location in
which the worker is positioned. As a general
rule, if hot sticks are being used, the worker
should also wear other protective clothing.
Testing requirements
Locking Devices
Some equipment, such as wall switch ang
molded case circuit breaker, do not readily
accomodate locks. In these instances. when
lockout is required, a locking device must be
VOLTAGE-MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
6/26/19
Contact Testers
– it make an actual metal-to-metal contact with
the circuit being energized, can be analog or
digital meter, which show actual voltage
levels.
6/26/19
Selecting Voltage-Measuring
Instruments
Criteria:
• Voltage Level
• Application Location
• Internal Short Circuit Protection
• Sensitivity Requirements
• Circuit Loading
Instrument Condition
• Case Physical Condition
• case and other mechanical assemblies must be in good
physical condition and not cracked, broken or otherwise
damaged.
• Probe Exposure
• only min. amount of lead should be exposed to the
instruments to minimize the chance of accidently short
circuiting when lead contacts more than one conductor.
• Lead Insulation Quality
• The leads should be replaced if it is damaged before the
instrument is used for voltage measuring
• Fusing
• Is it is using a fuse, the fuse should be checked to make
sure it is in the right size and capability.
• Operability
• It must be operable, it must be checked if the instrument
is using a battery, etc.