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A visual review….
A visual review….
Cytokines:
• Mediators
• Local
– autocrine
– paracrine
– (sometimes) endocrine
• Highly interactive
– pleiotropic
– redundant
– synergistic / antagonistic
Functional features
• Potent
– Some
function at
10-15 Molar
Functional features
• Local
– autocrine
– paracrine
– (sometimes)
endocrine
Functional features
• Highly interactive
pleiotropic
redundant
synergistic
antagonistic
Cytokine families
I. Hematopoietic family
II. Interferon family
III. Tumor necrosis factor family
IV. Chemokine family
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/map_search.c
gi?chr=hum_chr.inf&query=Interferon&qchr=&strai
n=&neighb=off&advsrch=off
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id
=147570
Tumor necrosis factor…
• Time to be critical…
• Question: What does the text say?
• Answer: Not a lot.
– More specifically, there is no text.
– There is an entry in Table 12.1 (which
stretches over four pages!) What does it
say?
– “Has toxic effects. Induces cytokine
secretion…”
So, something’s amiss…
• Try another approach.
• Cytokines are soluble immunomodulators.
• That means that they are ligands.
• Question: Can they be characterized in
terms of their receptors?
• Answer: Yes.
The receptor families:
Of receptors and signal transduction…
• Receptors for cytokines have surface
component, single transmembrane
component, and cytoplasmic tails.
JAK’s
&
STAT’s
OK, let’s look at a complex image
And, an important example…
And, an update…
Some terms (from Horst Ibelgaufts):
cytokine network (aka: Neuroimmune network ).
zoo of factors
jungle of interactions
deep morasses of acronyms
bleak deserts of synonyms