06 ANATOMY OF FLOWERING

PLANTS
(B) Tissue having all (ii) Meristematic
A. Tissue cells similar in tissue
structure and
1. Which of the following statements are incorrect function
regarding internal organization of plant (C) Tissue having (iii) Sclereids
tissues? different types of
A. Phloem parenchyma is absent in cells
dicotyledonous stem (D) Dead cells with (iv) Simple tissue
B. Monocot roots do not undergo secondary highly thickened
growth walls and narrow
C. Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous in lumen
monocotyledonous stem Select the correct answer from the options
D. Lysigenous cavities are found in vascular given below.
bundles of dicotyledonous stem (A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) AB (b) AC (a) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(c) BC (d) AD (b) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
TS EAMCET-11.05.2023, Shift-II (c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Ans. (d) : Phloem parenchyma is absent in monocot (d) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
stem. In dicot stem phloem parenchyma is present. NEET-2021
• Lysigenous cavity is absent in vascular bundle of Ans. (b) :
dicot stem. Lysigenous are present in monocot stem like (A) Cells with active (ii) Meristematic
zea maize and other monocots. cell division tissue
2. The hypodermis tissues in dicot and monocot capacity
stems respectively (B) Tissue having all (iv) sample tissue
(a) Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma. cells similar in
(b) Sclerenchyma and Collenchyma. structure and
(c) Sclerenchyma in both. function
(d) Collenchyma in both. (C) Tissue having (i) vascular tissues
AP EAPCET-22.05.2023, Shift-II different types of
Ans. (a) : Hypodermis is collenchymatous (green) in cells
dicot stem and sclerenchymatous (non green) in (D) Dead cell with (iii) sclereids
monocot stem. highly thickened
3. Correct sequence of the development process in walls and narrow
a plant cell lumen
(a) Meristematic cell → Expansion → 5. Irregularly arranged vascular bundles within
Differentiation → Maturation the ground tissue are called
(b) Meristematic cell → Cell division → (a) actinostele (b) radial stele
Plasmatic growth → Maturation (c) atactostele (d) plectostele
(c) Meristematic cell → Maturation → Tripura JEE-2019
Elongation → senescence Ans. (c) : Irregularly arranged vascular bundles within
(d) Mature cell → Cell division → Meristematic the ground tissue are called. ‘Atactostele'. It consits of
cell → Differentiation vascular bundles scattered in ground tissue. It is found
AP EAPCET-23.05.2023, Shift-I in monocots. Atactostele occurs in the stem of
Ans. (a) : The developmental process in plant cell starts monocots but eustele occurs in the stem of dicots. It
from meristematic activity then divided cell growth and consists a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath and only two
expansion and show differentiation and then it gets
meta xylem elements are present per vascular bundle.
matured.
4. Match List-I with List-II. 6. Structurally the amphicribal vascular bundles
resemble closely to
List-I List-II
(a) dictyosteles (b) solanosteles
(A) Cells with active (i) Vascular tissues
cell division (c) siphonosteles (d) protostele
capacity CMC Vellore-2013
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 552 YCT
Ans. (d) : Structurally the amphicribal vascular bundles
resemble closely to protostele. Amphicribal vascular
bundle is a central strand of xylem in a bundle and is
surrounded by phloem. It is structurally resemble close
to protostele.
7. Which one of the following is a secretory tissue
? MGIMS Wardha-2005
(a) Sclerenchyma (b) Companion cells
(c) Hydathode (d) Sclereids
BVP-2006
Ans. (c) : Secretory tissues take place in most vascular
plants. Some of these tissues like hydathodes , salt
glands and nectarines, secrete unmodified or only
slightly modified materials that is supplied directly or
indirectly by the vascular tissues.
Hydathodes are secretory structures which are a
modification of tissues of leaves, present on tips and
margins that discharge water from the interior of the
leaf to the surface in a process known as guttation.
8. Transfusion tissue is meant for translocation of
(a) Organic solutes (b) Sap
(c) Food materials (d) All of these
CMC Vellore-2011
Ans. (a) : Transfusion tissue is meant for translocation
of organic solutes. The primary function of transfusion
is to move substances between the mesophyll and the
vascular bundles which performs the function of lateral
veins.
9. Chlorenchyma is known to develop in the
(a) Spore capsule of a moss
(b) Pollen tube of pinus
(c) Cytoplasm of chlorella
(d) Mycellium of a green mould such a
Aspergillus
MGIMS Wardha-2010
Ans. (a) : Chlorenchyma is known to develop in spore
capsule of a mass. Parenchyma cells in leaves which
contain chloroplasts are termed as chlorenchyma cell.
They help the leaves to produce food by photosynthesis
and storage of the food produced. These chloroplast
bearing cells have the capacity to prepare food through
photosynthesis.
10. Angular collenchyma occurs in
(a) Salvia (b) Helianthus
(c) Althaea (d) Cucurbita
SJIPMER-2013
Ans. (d) : Angular collenchyma is found in cucurbita'.
Angular collenchyma is a type of collenchyma in which
the material that causes thickening is deposited at angles
or corners of the cell. Pumpkin and melon are examples
of fruits that belong to this genus.
11. Velamen is found in :
(a) Vanda (b) Rosa
(c) Viscum (d) Santahim
Manipal-2004
Ans. (a) : Velamen is found in ‘Vanda'. Velamen is a
spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of
some epiphytic or semi epiphytic plants, such as orchids
or Vanda. Vanda is a genus in the orchid family
orchidaceae. It is tissue that is found in the aerial roots
of some orchids/Vanda.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 553
12. Phytotron is :
(a) a controlled condition chamber for tissue
(b) leaf culture process
(c) special culture of plants
(d) root culture process
Ans. (a) : Phytotron is a controlled condition chamber
for tissue. It is a device, or chamber in which plants can
be grown under a controlled conditions.
Hence, the (a) option is a correct answer,
13. How many tissue systems are suggested by
Sachs:
(a) two (b) three
(c) four (d) five
Uttarakhand-2005
Ans. (b) : By ‘Sachs' the three tissue systems are
suggested. Julius von Sachs classifies the tissue system
in plants. on the basis of the structure and location.
There are three types of tissue system found in plants-
epidermal tissue system, ground tissue system and
Vascular or conducting tissue system. In 1975, it was
proposed by Sachs.
14. Quiescent centre theory was proposed by :
(a) Nagelli (b) Schmidt
(c) Hanstein (d) Clowes
Haryana PMT-2004
Manipal-2003
Ans. (d) : Quiescent centre theory was proposed by
‘Clowes'. The quiescent centre in the root apical
meristem is ubiquitous in vascular plants and positioned
between the active meristematic region and root cap. It
is sometimes also referred to as the cytogenetic centre
or constructional center or ontogenetic centre. It may be
absent in seedless vascular plants.
15. The branch that deals with the study of trees is:
(a) Pomology (b) Anthology
(c) Dendrology (d) Palynology
Haryana PMT-2003
Ans. (c) : The branch that deals with the study of trees
of called ‘Dendrology' Dendrology or xylology is the
science and study of woody plants, specifically their
taxonomic classifications. Carolous Linnaeus is known
as father of dendrology. Trees and plants are identified
by many characteristic including bark ‘flowers' fruits
and seeds, buds etc.
16. This is a specialized tissue found in the
mesophyll of Cycas and Pinus leaves
(a) Spongy tissue (b) Palisade tissue
(c) Conjunctive tissue (d) Transfusion tissue
J&K CET-2007
Ans. (d) : In cycas and Pinus leaves transfusion tissue is
found in the mesophyll of both. Transfusion tissue is the
substitute of lateral veins as it helps in the conduction of
water. This tissue is found around. The vascular bundles
of gymnosperms leaves these are helpful for conduction
of water in the leaflets of cycas and Pinus.
YCT
 B. Meristemetic Tissue
17. Virus free plants are obtained in 'Invitro'
through
(a) Roots (b) Shoots
(c) Meristems (d) Ovules
AP EAPCET-12.07.2022 Shift-I
Ans. (c) : The plant is infected with a virus, the
meristem is free from virus. Hence, tissues from apical
and axillary meristem can be used to obtain virus-free
plants in in-vitro plant tissue culture.
18. Axillary buds which forms branches or flowers
are present in
(a) Lateral meristem
(b) Apical meristem
(c) Cylindrical meristem
(d) Intercalary meristem
AP EAMCET-25.09.2020 Shift-II
Ans. (b) : Axillary buds which forms branches or
flowers are present in ‘Apical meristem'. Apical
meristem refers to the meristem that occurs at the tips of
roots, stems and branches, which bring about the
primary growth of the plants.
Thus, Axillary buds and terminal bud both are derived
from the activity of apical meristem.
19. Which of the following statements about cork
cambium is incorrect?
(a) It is a couple of layers thick
(b) It forms secondary cortex on its outerside
(c) It forms a part of periderm
(d) It is responsible for the formation of lenticels
NEET-2020 Phase-II
Ans. (b) : Cork cambium is a meristematic tissue
involved in secondary growth. It is also called
phellogen. It develops in the cortex region. It is few
layers thick and it cut off cells into outer layer and inner
layer the former differentiates into cork (phellem) while
latter differentiate into secondary cortex (phelloderm).
All these three layers phellogen, phellem and
phelloderm are collectively called as periderm. In
woody trees, the phellogen cut off closely arranged
parenchymatous cells, rupturing the epidermal cell to
form lenticles. Pericycle also becomes meristematic to
form cork cambium.
20. Regeneration of damaged growing grass
following grazing is largely due to : 23.
(a) Secondary meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
(c) Apical meristem
(d) Intercalary meristem
NEET (Odisha)-2019
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 554
Ans. (d) : Regeneration of damaged growing grass
grazing is largely because Intercalary meristems. These
are found in grasses, where they help to regenerate the
parts removed by the grazing herbivores. As apical
meristems and intercalary meristems, both constitute
primary meristems because they appear early in life and
contribute to the formation of the primary plant body.
21. Assertion (A): Grasses get regenerated even
after grazed by herbivores
Reason (R): In grasses meristems are present
in between mature tissues,
Options:
(a) (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
(b) (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
AP EAMCET-25.04.2018 Shift-II
Ans. (a): The grass stem regenerates after grazing due
to intercalary meristem because this helps in
regeneration of stem in grasses removed by grazing
herbivores.
22. Axillary bud and terminal bud are derived
from the activity of : -
(a) Lateral meristem
(b) Intercalary meristem
(c) Apical meristem
(d) Parenchyma
Rajasthan PMT-2007
AIPMT-2002
Ans. (c) : Meristem is the group of actively dividing
cells that give rise to the side to the new cells after
division.
Apical meristems are situated at the tip of root and
shoot of the plants. They take place initial growth.
Plants elongate and increase in light as a result of
division in the meristem.
Maximum amount of growth in root occurs
(a) in the presence of light
(b) at its apex
(c) behind the apex
(d) in the presence of soil
Uttarakhand PMT-2011
YCT
Ans. (c) : The root apical meristem or root apex, is a Ans. (c) : At the tip of stem, maximum content of auxin
small region at the tip of a root in which all cells are are found. It is responsible for apical dominance
capable of repeated division and from which all primary
root tissue are derived. Apex portion root is made up of (suppression of lateral buds). Decapitation results in
protective tissue and root cap and region of cell division translocation of auxins towards lower side. Therefore,
it situated below the tap root cap so maximum growth in lateral buds (axillary buds) get activated.
root takes place behind the apex not in tip.
24. Meristem, which produces vascular bundles, is 28. Cambium of root is an example of:
(a) procambium (a) Apical meristem
(b) lateral meristem (b) Intercalary meristem
(c) secondary meristem (c) Primary meristem
(d) mass meristem
Uttarakhand PMT-2011 (d) Secondary meristem
Ans. (a) : Meristem, which produces vascular bundles, AIIMS-2000
is procambium. The procambium can be defined as a Ans. (d) : There are two tissues that are responsible for
type of meristematic tissue present in the plant. True
combium provides the plants with primary tissues of the the secondary growth in plants-vascular cambium and
vascular bundle. It generates new vascular tissues in the cork cambium. In roots, cambium is derived from
plant. secondary meristem.
25. Dermatogen, periblem and plerome are Vascular cambium and cork cambium are secondary
(a) permanent tissues
meristems that are formed in stems and roots after the
(b) meristematic tissues
(c) intercalary tissues tissues of primary plant body have differentiated.
(d) secondary tissue Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and
CMC Vellore-2013 secondary phloem later an leads to wood formation in
Ans. (b) : According to scientist, "Johannes Von plants.
Hanstein," tissues of the root is divided into three major Cork cambium which give rise to the periderm which
parts. (1) vascular cylinder, (2) cortex (3) epidermis.
Which is derived from three groups of meristematic replace the epidermis.
cells. Meristematic tissue consists of the cells which
have the ability to divide and redivide to form new
cells. Dermatogen, periblem, and plerome are
meristematic tissues.
• Dermatogen (outermost layer) gives rise to the
epidermis.
• Periblem (middle layer) that gives rise to hypodermis,
cortex, and endodermis.
• Plerome (innermost layer) that gives rise to vascular
tissue including pith.
26. Which is true for meristematic tissue?
(a) Their cells have dense cytoplasm and
prominent nuclei
(b) Their cells are dead with large inter cellular
spaces
(c) These are usually modified for storage
(d) Their cells are most primitive, living and
without nuclei
BVP-2005
Ans. (a) : Meristematic tissues are responsible for
overall growth and repair of the plants. Their cells have
a thin cell wall, prominent nucleus, abundant cytoplasm, 29. The apical meristem of the root is present
and are tightly arranged without vacuoles. These cells
are continuously dividing resulting in overall growth (a) Only in radicals
and repair. Hence, these cells have dense cytoplasm and (b) Only in tap roots
a prominent nucleus for controlling their activities. (c) Only in adventitious roots
27. Decapitation of plant leads to the activation of (d) In all the roots
axillary buds due to
AIPMT-2003
(a) increase in cytokinins
(b) more light availability Ans. (d): Root apical meristem present in all roots.
(c) auxin translocation RAM provides the meristematic cells for the future root
(d) all of these growth while the shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives
rise to organs like the leaves and flowers.
AIIMS-1995
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 555 YCT
 Ans. (d) : Procambium – It occurs below the protoderm
and gives rise primary xylem, primary phloem and
intrafascicular cambium.
34. Lateral root orginates from:
(a) endodermis (b) pericycle
(c) cortex (d) phloem
DUMET-2003
Ans. (b) : The tap root develops from the redicle part of
the seed. The direct prolongation of the radicle form the
primary root, from which aries lateral root of different
order as – primary, secondry and tertiary roots.
Lateral roots are endogenous in origin i.e. – aries from
the pericyle.
30. Best material for the study of mitosis in 35. Meristematic cells have:
laboratory is: - (a) thick cell wall and large intercellular spaces
(a) Anther (b) Root tip (b) thick cell wall and no intercellular spaces
(c) Leaf tip (d) Ovary (c) thin cell wall and large intercellular spaces
AIPMT-2002 (d) thin cell wall and no intercellular spaces
Ans. (b) : Best material for the study of mitosis in Manipal-2005
laboratory is root tip. Ans. (d) : Meristematic cells have thin cell wall without
Root tip have active meristematic zone where cells intercellular spaces as they keep actively dividing.
divide mitotically leading increase in length of the root. Meristematic cells are dense cytoplasm, small vacuoles
Example:- Allium cepa root tip. and large nucleus. Meristematic cell walls are thin and
31. Which of the following plant cells will show made up of primary cell wall containing cellulose.
totipotency? 36. Quiescent centre is a :
(a) Sieve tubes (b) Xylem vessels (a) weak zone (b) active zone
(c) Meristem (d) Cork cells (c) inactive zone (d) strong base
JCECE-2014 Manipal-2005
AFMC-2000 Ans. (c) : Quiscent center concept – This concept was
AIPMT-1993 given by Clowes and discovered in Zea maize plant.
Ans. (c) : Totipotency is the ability in which cells can Present in the root. It is cap like or hemicircular group
get specialized into any type of cells. Meristems shows of cells between dermatogens and calyptrogen or
the totipotency because xylem vessels and cork cell are between, active meristem and root cap cells are
dead while sieve tube cells do not possess nuclei. The inactive or less active have low amount of DNA, RNA
and protein, light cytoplasm and small nuclei, but may
primary meristem present from the beginning and
be made active when active tissue damage thus act as
throughout the life. reservoir and produce active initial.
32. Mowing grass lawn facilitates better 37. The histogens are classified on the basis of :
maintenance because
(a) cells they contain
(a) wounding stimulates regeneration
(b) cells they give rise to future tissue
(b) removal of apical dominance and stimulation
(c) meristematic activity
of intercalary meristem
(d) cell division
(c) removal of apical dominance
Manipal-2005
(d) removal of apical dominance and promotion
of lateral meristem. Ans. (b) : Root apical meristem consist of three cell
initiating region called histogen. Which classify into
AIPMT-1989 three parts. Dermatogen which form epidermis,
Ans. (b) : Apical dominance occur in the presence of periblem form cortex and plerome forms vascular
auxin and it is a common observation in vascular plants. bundle.
If apical meristem is intact and growing, the growth of 38. Viral infection is usually absent in
lateral tips is suppressed. According to Thimann and (a) phloem cells (b) xylem cells
skoog the auxin, synthesized in apical meristem, is (c) pith cells (d) apical meristem
translocated downwords and inhibits the growth of VMMC-2009
lateral tips. That is why moving grass lawns facilitate Ans. (d) : Generally, plant shoot apical meristems are
better maintenance because of removal of apical virus free. This is because the spread of virus in the
dominance and stimulation of intercalary meristem. plant tissue does not keep up (is slow) with the fast
33. The meristem, which develops into a primary meristem growth if it is actively producing new
vascular tissue is leaves/flowers.
(a) protonema (b) promeristem Apical meristem located at the tip of shoot and root. It is
(c) ground meristem (d) procambium primary meristem responsible for primary growth i.e.
CG PMT-2005 Growth in length.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 556 YCT
39. The meristem that is parallel to the 43. Quiescent centre is present in:
longitudinal axis of the plant is (a) shoot apex (b) root apex
(a) procambium (c) both a and b (d) meristematic tissue
(b) intercalary meristem
Rajasthan PMT-2005
(c) phellogen
(d) apical meristem Ans. (b) : The quiescent center is present in the root
J&K CET-2010 apex. It is cap like or hemicircular group of cells
Ans. (c) : Phellogen is also famous as cork cambium between dermatogens and calyptrogen or between,
which is a lateral meristem. It increases the girth of the active meristem and root cap cells are inactive or less
plant and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plant active have low amount of DNA, RNA and protein,
which is responsible for the development of the light cytoplasm and small nuclei, but may be made
periderm. There are cells that grow inwards from there active, when active tissues damaged thus act as
called phelloderm whereas the cells develop outward reservoir and produce active initial.
are known as phellem.
44. Wound healing is due to
Phellem is composed of dead cells and protective in
function. (a) ventral meristem
40. Who proposed the histogen theory? (b) secondary meristem
(a) Schmidt (b) Hanstein (c) primary meristem
(c) Nageli (d) Mankey (d) All of these
Rajasthan PMT-1995 JIPMER-2013
Ans. (b) : The Histogen theory was proposed Ans. (b) : Secondary meristem is a type of meristematic
by Hanstein and supported by Strasburger. tissue which is responsible for the secondary growth in
According to this theory histogen divided into three plants and produce growth in thickness. Healing of
layer. wounds in plants take place by the activity of secondary
Dermatogen – It is outermost single layered cells meristem.
divide anticlinally which gives rise Epidermis in Shoot
apex and Epiblema in root apex. 45. Portion of apical meristem that gives rise to
Periblema – Occurs between the dermatogens and xylem tissue is called
plerome, multilayered. It gives. Hypodermis, general (a) Protoxylem (b) Procambium
cortex and endodermis of shoot apex and root apex. (c) Metaxylem (d) Tracheid
Plerome – Occurs in the center and gives rise stele e.g. WB JEE-2012
Pericycle, primary vascular bundle, pith and pith rays. Ans. (b) : Portion of apical meristem that gives rise to
41. Growth of stem in diameter is due to xylem tissue is called ‘procambium'. The procambium
(a) secondary growth gives rise to vascular tissues, including the primary
(b) lateral meristem xylem and primary phloem.
(c) apical meristem
(d) intercalary meristem 46. Which of the following is the region of cell
MGIMS Wardha-2012 division?
Rajasthan PMT-1999 (a) Root cap
Ans. (b) : A lateral meristem is a meristem that runs (b) meristematic region
parallel to the sides of an organ. The radial section of (c) Root hair zone
the stem or root has a lateral meristem. The lateral (d) None of these
meristem is responsible for the plants thickness. The Rajasthan PMT-2004
increase in diameter of a plant's stem and root is caused Ans. (b) : Meristematic cells are responsible for the root
by cork cambium and vascular cambium. They can be and shoot growth of plants These cells have the ability
found in dicot plants. These are the lateral meristems, of divide and increase in number and increase the length
which are in charge of the plant's secondary growth as well as the girth of the stem and root. Meristematic
42. The quiescent centre in root meristem serves as tissues are cells or group of cells that have the ability to
a divide. The cells present in these tissues constantly
(a) site for storage of food, which is utilised divide to produce new cells.
during maturation 47. Meristematic cells are
(b) reservoir of growth hormones (a) thin-walled, less protoplasmic, isodiametric
(c) reserve for replenishment of damaged cells of and nucleated
the meristem (b) thin-walled, densely protoplasmic,
(d) region for absorption of water isodiametric and nucleated
JIPMER-2011 (c) thick-walled, less protoplasmic, isodiametric
and nucleated
Ans. (c) : Quiescent centre have low rate of cell (d) thick-walled, densely protoplasmic,
division. So, it replenishes the damaged cells. It is found isodiametric and non-nucleated
an the tip of growing roots. BVP-2010
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 557 YCT
Ans. (b) : Meristematic cells are thin walled, densely
protoplasmic, isodiametric and nucleated. These cells
are undifferentiated or incompletely differentiated. They
have a dense cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus. They
are compactly arranged cells with no intercellular
spaces.
48. Girth development is due to
(a) intercalary meristem
(b) lateral meristem
(c) apical meristem
(d) plate meristem
UP CPMT-2010
AIPMT-1988
Ans. (b) : Girth development is due to lateral meristem
tissue Lateral meristem (cambium) is situated at the
bark and it is responsible for the increase in the girth of
the stem or root. The lateral meristem includes
cambium which is responsible for the secondary growth
of the plant Hence, the girth of the stem increases due to
the lateral meristem tissues. Lateral meristem are found
in woody plants.
49. Meristematic tissue are
(a) premature having ability of division
(b) mature does not have ability of division
(c) premature not having ability of division
(d) complex differentiating in xylem, phloem and
cambium
DUMET-2005
UP CPMT-2003
Ans. (a) : Meristematic tissue are premature having
ability of division. These tissues contain living cells
with varied shapes. They possess a large nucleus
divided by the vacuole. The cell have no intercellular
space. This tissues heal the wounds of an injured plant.
They possess a single large and prominent nucleus. The
meristematic tissue has the quality of self renewal.
50. Which type of meristems allow the fallen stem
of cereals/grasses to become erect?
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
(c) Intercalary meristem
(d) Secondary meristem
MGIMS Wardha-2007
Ans. (c) : ‘Intercalary meristem’ allow the fallen stem
of cereals/grasses to become erect. Intercalary meristem
helps in elongation of plant organs and also allow fallen
stem of cereals to become erect. This meristem
maintains the growth in the internodal region when the
cereal stem is lodged, its growth re-occurs due to the
meristematic activity of the intercalary meristem.
51. To promote the growth of lateral branches of a
plant:
(a) axillary buds are removed
(b) apical bud is removed
(c) auxin is applied to the apical bud
(d) auxin is applied to the decapitated shoot tip
Karnataka CET-2002
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 558
Ans. (b) : To promote the growth of lateral branches of
a plant- apical bud is removed. During the apical bud of
removing, the IAA concentration lowers and allows the
lateral buds to grow. It produces new shoots, which
compete to become the lead growth. It results in the
growth of lateral branches.
52. Viral infection is usually absent in
(a) Phloem cells (b) Xylem cells
(c) Pith cells (d) Apical meristem
BHU PMT (Screening)-2009
Uttarakhand PMT-2009
Ans. (d) : Viral infection is usually absent in ‘Apical
meristem’, Apical meristems are virus free. This is
because the spread of virus in the plant tissue does not
keep up with the fast meristem growth. If it is actively
producing new leaves/flowers. Meristem cells divide at
a faster rate than the permanent tissues like pith, phloem
and xylem, viruses are unable to divide in them.
53. The length of different internodes in a culm of
sugarcane is variable because of
(a) shoot apical meristem
(b) position of axillary buds
(c) size of leaf lamina at the node below each
internode
(d) intercalary meristem
Rajasthan PMT-2010
Ans. (d) : The length of different internodes in a culm
of sugarcane is variable because of the intercalary
meristem. These meristems are present involved in the
increases of the internodal length.
54. Cork cambium and cambium are the example
of :
(a) lateral meristem (b) primary meristem
(c) intercalary meristem (d) apical meristem
Rajasthan PMT-1998
Ans. (a) : Cork cambium and cambium are the example
of lateral meristem. Vascular cambium is the type of
cambium that is related to the conduction of water and
nutrients. The cork cambium is the type of cambium
that is related to the formation of the wood in the plants.
The lateral meristem is responsible for the increase in
the diameter of the plant or the secondary growth. It is
of types like vascular cambium, interfascicular
cambium, and cork cambium.
Thus, we can conclude that the vascular cambium and
cork cambium are example of the lateral meristem.
55. The outermost primary meristem gives rise to:
(a) epidermis (b) procambium
(c) ground meristem (d) All of the above
UP CPMT-2001
Ans. (a) : The outermost primary meristem give rise to
‘epidermis’. The outer most layer of cells is the
protoderm which forms a single sheet of meristematic
cells that give rise to the epidermis. The protoderm
gives rise to epidermal tissue system, ground meristem
forms cortex or ground tissue system and procambium
forms vascular tissue system.
YCT
56. The stem of grasses and related plants elongate
by the activity of :
(a) Lateral meristem
(b) Apical Meristem
(c) Both apical and intercalary meristem
(d) Intercalary meristem
Karnataka CET-2003
Ans. (c) : The stem of grasses and related plants
elongate by the activity of both apical and intercalary
meristem. Both apical and intercalary meristems are
referred to as primary meristems since they develop
early in a plant’s life and contribute to the building of
the main plant body. Apical meristem is a primary
meristem. It can also be referred to as the growing tips
of the plant. An intercalary meristem is present at the
end of plant. The intercalary meristem along with the
apical meristem is responsible for the growth of the
plant along its length.
57. The tissue of highest respiratory activity is
(a) Meristem (b) Ground tissue
(c) Phloem (d) Mechanical tissue
CG PMT-2007
Ans. (a) : The tissue with highest respiratory activity is
‘Meristem’. The respiration rate is higher always in
younger and actively growing meristematic tissues in
comparison with the mature and older parts of the plant.
Meristems are actively dividing tissues in a plant body.
Also high respiration rate in these tissues provides
important intermediates for biosynthesis of
macromolecules.
Hence, Meristems has highest respiratory rate.
58. Inter fascicular cambium is found:
(a) between pith and vascular bundle
(b) between two vascular bundles
(c) In the vascular bundle
(d) Outside the bundle
Haryana PMT-2005
Ans. (b) : Inter fascicular cambium is found between
the two vascular bundles. The cells present between the
primary xylem and primary phloem are called
interafascicular cambium. The meristematic tissue
which develops between the two vascular bundles is
called interfascicular cambium. It is responsible for the
formation of secondary meristems.
59. Intercalary meristem results in
(a) secondary growth
(b) primary growth
(c) apical growth
(d) secondary thickening
Haryana PMT-2007
Ans. (b) : Intercalary meristem results in primary
growth. This meristems are found at the bases of young
leaves and internodes. They are involved in the primary
growth of the plants as they continuously divide which
causes the elongation of the plant stems or leaves.
Primary growths are controlled by the root apical
meristems or shoot apical meristems while secondary
growth is controlled by the lateral meristems, called the
vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 559
60. The tunica-corpus theory was proposed by
(a) Hofmeister (b) Nageli
(c) Strasburger (d) Schmidt
CG PMT-2009, 2006
Rajasthan PMT-2001
Haryana PMT-2009
Ans. (d) : The tunica – corpus theory was proposed by
‘schmidt'. This theory is relevant only to shoot apex.
According to this theory, the apical region of the shoot
consist of two zones: tunica – It is the outer enveloping
layer, made up of small cells that give rise to the
epidermis and outer cortex. Corpus – It is the mass of
cell forming the inner core. It produces the inner cortex,
procambium and pith.
61. An auxotroph is:
(a) a plant that responds by bending towards sun
(b) an organism that depends on another
organism for meeting its nutritional
requirements
(c) a mutant which has lost its ability to
synthesize one or more essential compounds
(d) a plant that is able to synthesize its own
carbohydrate.
Haryana PMT-2004
Ans. (c) : An auxotroph is a microorganism that is
unable to synthesize one or more essential growth
factors, and it will not grow in fermentation media
lacking them. It is a mutant which has lost its ability to
synthesize one or more essential compounds.
62. Which is true for meristematic tissue?
(a) Their cells have dense cytoplasm and
prominent nuclei
(b) Their cells are dead with large intercellular
spaces
(c) These are usually modified for storage
(d) Their cells are most primitive, living and
without nuclei
Haryana PMT-2004
Manipal-2003
Ans. (a) :Meristem growth in plants is largely restricted
to specialised regions of active cell division called
meristem. Meristematic cells have a prominent nucleus
and a dense cytoplasm but it lack of a vacuole. This is
so because meristematic cells have an ability to divide
and form new cell. It have thin cellulose wall, no
vacuole, dense cytoplasm, prominent nuclei.
63. Interfascicular cambium is
(a) apical meristem (b) secondary meristem
(c) primary meristem (d) abnormal meristem
Manipal-2013
Ans. (b) : Interfascicular cambium is a ‘Secondary
meristems. It along with the interfascicular cambium
present between primary xylem and primary phloem
forms a continuous rings of vascular cambium. It
develops from the parenchymatous cells of medullary
rays. Interfascicular cambium originates from
parenchymatous cell through differentiation of the
fascicular cambium.
YCT
64. Fascicular, interfascicular and extra stelar
cambium together constitute
(a) lateral meristems
(b) apical meristems
(c) intercalary merisetems
(d) ground meristemes.
AMU-1997
Ans. (a) : Fascicular, interfascicular and extra stelar
cambium together constitute with ‘lateral meristem'.
Fascicular cambium, inter-fascicular cambium and
extra-stelar (cork cambium) are examples of the
secondary meristem. They are found in the mature
regions of roots and shoots. They responsible for lateral
growth of plants.
65. Lateral meristem is responsible for which of
the following
(a) Growth in length
(b) Growth in thickness
(c) Growth in parenchyma
(d) Growth in cortex
CG PMT-2006
Ans. (b) : Lateral meristem is responsible for the
growth in thickness of the plants. It is located in the
stems and roots on the lateral side. Lateral meristem are
referred to as the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
It is also called a secondary meristem. Meristems are
responsible for wound healing because they regenerate
from other cells in wounded tissue.
66. Plant length is increased by
(a) Apical meristem (b) Lateral meristem
(c) Dermatogen (d) Periblem
MGIMS Wardha-2009
Haryana PMT-2009
CG PMT-2009
Ans. (a) : Plant length is increased by ‘Apical
meristem'. Apical meristematic tissue is a meristematic
tissue located at the top of the root, stem and their
branches, causing the growth of the plants organs in
length. Apical meristem give rise to the primary plant
body and are responsible for the extension of the root
and shoots.
Hence, Apical meristem is responsible for increase in
length of the plant.
67. Examples for lateral meristems are
(a) phellogen and procambium
(b) fascicular cambium and procambium
(c) procambium and dermatogen
(d) fascicular cambium and cork cambium
JCECE-2012
Manipal-2009
Ans. (d) : Examples of lateral meristems are ‘fascicular
cambium and cork cambium'. It is present along the
longitudinal axis of stem and root. They help in
increasing the thickness or girth of the stem and root.
The vascular cambium (Fascicular) and cork cambium
are examples of lateral meristem. These are the
responsible for producing the secondary tissues.
68. Grass stem elongates after initial growth due
to:
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 560
(a) lateral meristem
(b) secondary meristem
(c) intercalary meristem
(d) apical meristem
Uttarakhand PMT-2010
AP EAMCET-2002
AMU-1996
Ans. (c) : Grass stem elongates after initial growth due
to ‘intercalary meristem'. Meristem which occurs in
between the mature tissues is called intercalary
meristems present in grasses to replace the lost cells in
the stem and elongate the stem. It is the meristem
present at the base of the internodes of stem or leaf. It is
found only in monocots.
69. Fusiform initial forms
(a) vascular rays (b) ray parenchyma
(c) tracheary elements (d) primary phloem
Haryana PMT-2008
Ans. (c) : Fusiform initial forms tracheary elements.
Tracheary elements help in the conduction of water and
responsible for distribution of raw sap throughout the
plant body.
70. Meristem consists of:
(a) undivided cells
(b) cells in continuous state of cells division
(c) dead cells
(d) cells which divide rarely
Haryana PMT-2003
Ans. (b) : Meristem consist of cells in continuous state
of cells division. It have a great potential for division.
Meristems generally divided continuously and form a
cluster of cells that further undergoes maturation to
produce specialized cells. Meristematic tissues are
responsible for plant growth these tissues constantly
divide to produce new cells.
71. Vertically elongated cells in the lateral
meristem producing axial system in the
secondary xylem and phloem are known as
I. Fusiform initials
II. Combium cells
III. Phellogen cells
(a) Only I (b) I and II
(c) II and III (d) I, II and III
VMMC-2015
Ans. (a) : Vertically elongated cells in the lateral
meristem producing axial system in the secondary
xylem and phloem are known as 'fusiform initials'. They
are elongated cells, which results in the production of
cells that form the vertical system of secondary phloem
and xylem, tracheary elements, sieve cells, fibres and
the associated companion cells. Fusiform initials cell
give rise to secondary xylem and phloem.
72. The secondary meristem initiates
(a) Basal growth (b) Transverse growth
(c) Radial growth (d) Vertical growth
J&K CET-2007
Ans. (c) : The secondary meristem initiates the ‘radial
growth'. Secondary meristem are responsible for the
radial or secondary growth of plants. They also
increases the thickness of plant body. Radial growth is a
secondary growth which increases the girth or radius of
a plant.
YCT
73. Quiescent centre is found in root apex and
acts as
(a) permanent source of active initiates
(b) reservoir of resistant cells
(c) reservoir of passive cells to form new root
apex if root apex is damaged/killed
(d) All of the above
BVP-2012
Ans. (d) : Quiescent centre is found in root apex and
acts as permanent source of active initiates. It acts as a Vascular cambium- when the cells of cambium present
reservoir of cells which constitute a permanent sources between two vascular bundles.
of active initials. Cells of inactive region of quiescent Intrafascicular cambium- when the cells of cambium
centre become active when the previously active gets present between primary xylem and primary phloem.
damaged. Phellogen- Phellogen is a couple of layers thick.
74. Primary growth is caused by : 78. If the apical bud has been removed then we
(a) apical meristem (b) lateral meristem observe:
(c) dermatogen (d) plerome (a) More lateral branches
BCECE-2002 (b) More axillary buds
Ans. (a) : Primary growth is caused by apical meristem. (c) Plant growth stops
This growth is initiated by the apical meristem and it (d) Flowering stops
helps the plant to grow upward. Apical meristem is AIPMT-2000
present at the growing tips of roots and shoots and
produce primay tissues. Ans. (a) : When the apical bud is removed from the
plant, the auxin hormone gets automatically removed
75. Vascular cambium never develops in the stem and due to which the lateral buds grow very fast.
of Apical dominance is the phenomenon which presence
(a) banana (b) guava of apical bud does not allow the nearby lateral buds to
(c) mango (d) sunflower grow.
AMU-2001 • Gibberellin is the hormone that breaks seed/bud
Ans. (a) : Vascular cambium never develops in the stem dormancy. The tubers of potato reproduce vegetatively
of banana'. Banana is a monocotyledonous plant. It has to give rise to new plants. So the dormancy of these
a single cotyledon present in the seed. The vascular tubers can be overcome by applying gibberellins.
cambium is absent in monocots (banana). Monocots 79. Function of companion cells is
never shows secondary growth. (a) Loading of sucrose into sieve elements
76. Intercalary meristem is a derivative of (b) Providing energy to sieve elements for active
(a) Primary meristem (b) Secondary transport
meristem (c) Providing water to phloem
(c) Lateral meristem (d) Promeristem
(d) Loading of sucrose into sieve elements by
Karnataka CET-2008
passive transport
Ans. (a) : Intercalary meristem is a derivative of
primary meristem. Intercalary meristems are present in AIPMT (Mains)-2011
grasses and regenerate parts removed by the grazing Ans. (a) : Function of companion cell is to load sugar
herbivores. The intercalary meristem helps in increasing and amino acids into sieve elements. These cells use
the length of the internode. It is usually seen in monocot transmembrane proteins to take up these molecules by
plants. active transport. The companium cells help in
77. Which one of the following is not a lateral maintaining the pressure gradient in the sieve tubes.
meristem ?
(a) Vascular cambium
(b) Interfascicular cambium
(c) Phellogen
(d) Intercalary meristem
AIPMT (Screening)-2010
Ans. (d) : Fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular
cambium and cork-cambium (phellogen) are examples
of secondary or lateral meristem. These are responsible
for producing the secondary tissues.
Apical and intercalary meristems are primary
meristems. They are located at the base of internodes
and promotes lengthening of stem and increase height
of plant.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants 561 YCT

80. Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in 83. Vascular cambium of stem is:
girth of tree trunk is (a) partly primary and partly secondary meristem
(a) Apical meristem (b) primary meristem
(b) Intercalary meristem (c) secondary meristem
(c) Lateral meristem (d) intercalary meristem
(d) Phellogen J&K CET-2004
NEET (Karnataka)-2013 Ans. (a) : Vascular cambium divides the xylem to inner
Ans. (c) : Lateral meristem are the meristematic cells side phloem to outer side. It is also known as fascicular
which are present along the lateral sides of stem and cambium. eg. secondary meristem.
roots. They divide only in radial direction. Fascicular
vascular cambium, inter-fascicular cambium and cork
cambium (Phellogen) are example of this type of C. Permanent (Simple and
meristem. The meristems are responsible for increase in
girth of stem and root. Complex) Tissue
84. P-proteins are associated with
(a) sieve tube elements
(b) xylem parenchyma
(c) trichomes
(d) tracheids and vessels
UP CPMT-2009
Punjab MET-2009
81. In land plants, the guard cells differ from other Rajasthan PMT-2009
epidermal cells in having : MGIMS Wardha-2005
(a) Chloroplasts Ans. (a) : P– proteins are associated with sieve tube
(b) Cytoskeleton elements'. It is also known as phloem protein. P–
(c) Mitochondria protein aggregates at the sieve plate when the sieve
(d) Endoplasmic reticulum element is disrupted, preventing the passage of phloem
AIPMT (Screening)-2011 exudates the function of P-protein is sealing mechanism
Ans. (a) : The guard cells differ from other epidermal on wounding along with calluse and it is also related
cells because guard cells contain chloroplast, whereas with conduction of food.
epidermal cells usually do not present. So they can 85. Which of the following is true?
manufacture food by photosynthesis (a) Vessels are unicellular and with narrow
• The shape of guard cells are bean shaped in surface lumen
view, while the epidermal cells are irregular in shaped. (b) Vessels are multicellular and with wide
82. An important step in the manufacture of pulp lumen
for paper industry from the woody tissues of (c) Tracheids are unicellular and with wide
lumen
plants is the –
(d) Tracheids are multicellular and with narrow
(a) Removal of water from the wood by lumen
prolonged heating at approximately 50º AIIMS-2015
(b) Treatment of wood with chemicals that break DUMET-2009
down cellulose Rajasthan PMT-2007
(c) Removal of oils present in the wood by AIPMT-2002
treatment with suitable chemicals Ans. (b) : Tracheids are narrow lumen and unicellular,
(d) Preparation of pure cellulose by removing while vessels are wide lumen and multicellular.
lignin Tracheids Vessels
AIPMT-2005 • It is a part of xylem, It is cylindrical tubular
Ans. (d) : An important step in the manufacturing of elongated narrow tube- structure, formed of a
pulp for paper industry form the woody tissue of plants like dead and empty cells row of cells placed end
is the preparation of pure cellulose by removing lignin. with hard thick and to end.
• Wood mainly consist by secondary xylem lignified walls with large • Vessels are only found
(sclerenchymatous cell) lignin. These cells provide cell cavity. in only Angiosperms
strength to wood tissues. Preparation of pure It is found alone in the such as mango tree.
cellulose for manufacture of pulp for paper industry wood of ferns like
from woody tissues of plants required removal of gymnosperm such as
lignin from these woods. pines.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 562 YCT
 Ans. (c) : Hydrophytes are the plants that are
submerged in water. These plants have poorly
developed xylem because the whole plant body absorbs
water and nutrients from the external aquatic
environment by and thus, they do not require well-
developed water-conducting tissues
90. Statement 1 : Well aerating tissue aerenchyma is
the most important anatomical
feature of all hydrophytes.
Statement 2 : Hydrophytes live in well aerated
environment
86. Complex tissue includes: (a) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false.
(a) collenchymas (b) apical meristems (b) Statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
(c) conducting tissue (d) idioblast (c) Statement 1 and statement 2 are false.
HP CET-2011 (d) Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true.
BCECE-2006 AP EAMCET-12.07.2022 Shift-II
VMMC-2005 Ans. (a) : Aerenchyma is majorly found in aquatic and
AMU-2004 wetland plants. Aerenchyma is a modified parenchyma
Ans. (c) : Complex tissue includes ‘conducting tissue'. where the cells are arranged with regular air chambers
The complex tissues are made of more than one type of in between to facilitate diffusion of gases in and out.
cells and these work together as a unit. Xylem and Aerenchyma helps in buoyancy and respiration. It is
phloem constitute the complex tissues in plants. characteristically found in aquatic floating plants. It is
Xylem functions as a conducting tissue for water and located in stems, hypocotyls, taproots, adventitious
minerals from roots to the stem and leaves. roots and root nodules under flooded conditions.
87. Which of the following tissues consist of living 91. Select the correct combination?
cells? (i) Fruit wall of nuts
(a) Vessels (b) Tracheids (ii) Pulp of fruit like guava and pear
(c) Companion cell (d) Sclerenchyma (iii) Seed coat of legumes
Uttarakhand PMT-2009 (iv) Micropyle of pea
BVP-2009 (a) All except (i) (b) All except (ii)
VMMC-2009 (c) All except (iii) (d) All except (iv)
BHU PMT (Screening)-2009 AP EAMCET-03.09.2021 Shift-I
Ans. (c) : Companion cells consists of living cell. The Ans. (d) : Sclerids are spherical, oval, highly thickened
companion cells are specialized parenchymatous cells in
the phloem tissues of the angiosperm. They are dead cells, with very narrow cavities.
nucleated living cells with several ribosomes, plastids Sclereids are found in fruit wall of nuts, the pulp of
and mitochondria, phloem parenchyma and companion fruits like guava, pear, and sapota and seed coats of
cells are element of phloem and both living cells. legumes.
88. Which combination of tissues acts together to
provide the support to the hypocotyl of a 92. Which of the following statement is correct?
seedling? (a) The collenchyma occurs in layers below the
(a) Epidermis and collenchyma epidermis in monocotyledonous plants
(b) Xylem and parenchyma (b) Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead and
(c) Epidermis and parenchyma without protoplasts
(d) Xylem and phloem fibres (c) Xylem parenchyma cells are living and thin
HP CET-2011 walled and their cell walls are made up of
VMMC-2005 lignin
AMU-2004 (d) The companion cells are specialized
BVP-2003 sclerenchymatous cells
Ans. (a) : Epidermis and collenchyma tissues acts AP EAMCET-03.09.2021 Shift-I
together to provide the support to the hypocotyls of a Ans. (b) : The collenchyma occurs in layers below the
seedling. The hypocotyl is the part of a plants embryo epidermis in dicotyledonous plants and is absent in
or seedling that lies between the radical and the
cotyledons. The mechanical strength in hypocotyls of monocot plants.
seedling is provided by epidermis and collenchyma • Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead. They become
tissues. dead and lose their protoplasm after attaining maturity.
89. Xylem development is poor in • Xylem parenchyma cells are living and thin walled
(a) Xerophytes (b) Halophytes and their cell walls are made up of cellulose and pectin.
(c) Hydrophytes (d) Mesophytes • The companion cells are specialised parenchymatous
AP EAPCET-12.07.2022 Shift-I cells.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 563 YCT
93. Phloem parenchyma is absent in ––––––– 95. Which of the following is an incorrect
(a) Dicot stem statement?
(b) Dicot leaf (a) Nuclear pores act as passages for proteins and
(c) Monocot stem RNA molecules in both directions between
(d) Dicot root nucleus and cytoplasm
AP EAMCET-03.09.2021 Shift-I (b) Mature sieve tube elements possess a
conspicuous nucleus and usual cytoplasmic
Ans. (c) : Phloem parenchyma is a part of phloem organelles
complex tissue. It is living and parenchymatous cells.
It perform the function of transporting of organic food (c) Microbodies are present both in plant and
in plant. It is absent in the plant where no secondary animal cells
growth occurs. So, it is absent in monocot stem (d) The perinuclear space forms a barrier
because in monocot stem no secondary growth occur. between the materials present inside the
nucleus and that of the cytoplasm
94. Select the correct pair.
NEET-2021
(a) Loose - Spongy
parenchyma parenchyma Ans. (b) : Mature sieve tube elements do not have
cells rupturing nucleus but have cytoplasm. (Anucleated living cells).
the epidermis
and forming a
lens shaped
opening in bark
(b) Large colorless - Subsidiary cells
empty cells in
the epidermis of
grass leaves
(c) In dicot leaves, - Conjunctive
vascular tissue
bundles
are surrounded
by large thick-
walled cells
(d) Cells of - Interfascicular
medullary rays cambium
that form part
of cambial ring
96. Which of the following plant tissue cannot be
NEET-2021 used as explant in tissue culture?
Ans. (d) : When the cells of medullary rays (a) Meristem (b) Parenchyma
differentiated. They give rise to the new cambium (c) Sclerenchyma (d) Collenchyma
called interfascicular cambium. Karnataka CET-2020
Ans. (c) : Sclerenchyma tissues cannot be used as
explants in tissue culture because sclerenchymatous
tissue have lignified sencondary wall and dead in
nature. Meristem, parenchyma and collenchymas are
living cells.
97. Which is the living mechanical tissue in plants?
(a) Parenchyma (b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Collenchyma (d) Xylem
TS EAMCET-28.09.2020 Shift-I
Ans. (c) : Collenchyma is the living mechanical tissue
in plants.
• parenchyma consist of living cell but they help in
storage.
• Complementary cells are loose parenchyma cells
rupturing the epidermis and forming a lens shaped • Sclerenchymatous cell provide mechanical support
opening in bark. but they are dead cell.
• Large colorless empty cells in the epidermis of grass 98. Pectinisation is seen in
leaves are called bulliform cells. (a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma
• In dicot leaves vascular bundles are surrounded by (c) Sclerenchyma (d) Chlorenchyma
large thick walled cells called sheath cells. AP EAMCET-24.09.2020 Shift-II
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 564 YCT
Ans. (b) : Collenchyma tissue is composed by
elongated living cells of uneven primary thick walls,
which posses hemicellulose, cellulose and pectic
materials. (C) (iii) Fibre
• It provides support, structure, mechanical strength,
and flexibility to the petiole, leaf veins and stem of
young plants, allowing for easy bending without
breakage.
• Parenchyma is a simple living tissue and the cell wall
is made up of cellulose.
• Sclerenchyma is a simple dead tissue. The cell wall is (D) (iv) Vessel
made up of cellulose and lignin.
99. Match the following
(i) Chlorenchyma (p) Nymphaea (v) Colenchyma
(ii) Aerenchyma (q) Canna The correct answer is
(iii) Storage (r) All green parts A B C D
Parenchyma (a) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
(iv) Stellate (s) Potato (b) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
parenchyma (c) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(d) (v) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
TS EAMCET-02.05.2018 Shift-II
(a) s, p, q, r
(b) p, q, r, s Ans. (b) :
(c) s, r, q, p (A) → Fibre
(d) r, p, s, q
SRM JEEE-2019
Ans. (d) : (B) → Sclereid
(i) Chlorenchyma  All green parts
(ii) Aerenchyma  Nymphaea
(iii) Storage parenchyma  Potato
(C) → Tracheid
(iv) Stellate parenchyma  Canna
100. The tissue generally present in all organs of
plant is__________
(a) Parenchyma (b) Chlorenchyma
(c) Collenchyma (d) Sclerenchyma
SRM JEEE-2019 (D) → Vessel
Ans. (a) : The tissue generally present in all organs of
plant is parenchyma. It is a type of simple permanent
tissue that makes a major part of ground tissues in
plants, where other tissues like vascular tissues are
embedded. They are non-vascular and composed of • Sclereids are a fundamental cell type that widely exist
simple, living and undifferentiated cells, which are in higher plants and are generally thought to have a
modified to perform various functions. mechanical function.
They are of two types — (i) Phloem parenchyma • A tracheid is a long and tapered lignified cell in the
(ii) Xylem parenchyma. xylem of vascular plants.
101. Match the following • A vessel is a very large central cavity element or
vessel member (also called xylem vessel) is one of the
cell types found in xylem which is water conducting
tissue of plants.
(A) (i) Sclereid
102. Pick the incorrect statement with respect to
xylem parenchyma
(a) The cell wall is thin and made up of cellulose
(b) The cells store food reserves
(B) (ii) Tracheid (c) The cells assist in conduction of water
(d) The cells are dead at maturity
SRM JEEE -2017
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 565 YCT
Ans. (d) : Xylem is a complex tissue. It consists of
vessels, tracheids, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma.
Except for xylem parenchyma, all other components of
xylem tissue are dead. Xylem parenchyma contains
parenchymatous cell having a fully functional nucleus
and are capable of performing various life processes.
103. Vessels are found in : -
(a) All angiosperms and some gymnosperm
(b) Most of the angiosperm and few
gymnosperms
(c) All angiosperms, all gymnosperms and some
pteridophyta
(d) All pteridophyta
AIPMT-2002
Ans. (a) : Vessels are the characteristic feature of
angiosperm.
Vessels are absent in gymnosperm except Gnetales
member.
104. The movement of water and minerals in xylem
and the movement of phloem sap in phloem is
respectively.
(a) Unidirectional, bidirectional
(b) Bidirectional, bidirectional
(c) Bidirectional, unidirectional
(d) Unidirectional, unidirectional
GUJCET-2016
Ans. (a) : The movement of water and minerals in
xylem is always unidirectional i.e. upwards while
movement of phloem sap in phloem is bidirectional i.e.
upward and down wards because source-sink
relationship variable.
105. Nucleus is absent in which of the following?
(a) Xylem parenchyma
(b) Phloem parenchyma
(c) Sieve tube cells
(d) Companion cells
Assam CEE-2014
Ans. (c) : Sieve tube is an elongated living cell of the
phloem which is responsible for the transportation of
food (mostly sugar). At maturity, the nucleus of the
sieve tube gets fragmented and disappears along with
the cellular organelles.
106. The main function of phloem is translocation
of:
(a) food (b) water
(c) mineral (d) air
BHU PMT (Mains)-2010
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 566
Ans. (a) : Phloem is responsible for the transport of
food from the leaves to all the parts of the plant. Phloem
tissue transports and distributes the sucrose and
nutrients produced by plants during photosynthesis.
Phloem is in charge of transporting food and nutrients
from the leaves to all the plant's part
107. Who proposed the Cohesion theory of ascent of
sap?
(a) Strasburger (b) Godlewski
(c) Western (d) Dixon and Jolley
BVP-2003
Ans. (d) : Dixon and Jolley was proposed the cohesion
theory of ascent of sap. The flow of water and dissolved
mineral salts called ascent of sap. According to
cohesion theory ascent of sap is due to the
transportation pull or tension, water cohesion and
hydration of cell walls.
Negative pressure or tension due to transpiration is
conveyed to the root by a constant column of water
within the xylem. Breaking the water column is avoided
by cohesion between neighboring water molecules and
adhesion between water molecules and cell walls.
108. Which tissue is involved in conduction of
water:
(a) Xylem (b) Phloem
(c) both a and b (d) Parenchyma
BVP-2001
Ans. (a) : Xylem is one of the complex permanent
tissue present in plants. It is composed of xylem
parenchyma, vessels, tracheids, and xylem fibers. They
help in the conduction of water in the plant. Xylem is
called water-conducting tissue because, it is mainly
involved in the conduction of water from roots to the
aerial parts of the plant. It also helps in compensating
for the loss of water due to transpiration and
photosynthesis. Because of its major involvement in the
transportation of water, it is known as a water-
conducting tissue.
109. As tree grow older, which of the following will
increase more rapidly in thickness?
(a) Heart wood (b) Sap wood
(c) Xylem (d) Phloem
BVP-2001
Ans. (a) : In old trees, the grater part or secondary
xylem is dark brown due to deposition of organic
compounds like tannins, resins, oils, gums, aromatic
substance and essential oils in the central or innermost
layers of the stem. These substance make it hard,
durable and resistant to the attacks of micro-organism
and insects. This region comprises dead elements with
highly lignified walls and is called heart wood.
Heartwood is also known as duramen.
110. Leptome is used for:
(a) Phloem (b) Xylem
(c) Fibres (d) Parenchyma
BHU PMT (Mains)-2006
YCT
Ans. (a) : Phloem is also known as leptome. Main
function of phloem is transport of food material, organic
materials and amino acids.
• Xylem is a transport tissue in vascular plants that
transports water from roots to stems, leaves and other
part of plant.
• The fibres are thick-walled, elongated and pointed
cells, generally occurring in groups, in various parts of
the plant.
• Parenchyma is the functional tissues in plants and
animals. In plants, they refer to a specific type of
ground tissue having thin cell walls and the ability to
grow and divide. They make up most of the cells within
leaves, flowers, and fruits.
111. Read the following statements A and B.
A: Many organs of aquatic plants float in
water.
B: Large air gaps are present in the
collenchymas tissues of lotus leaf.
Select the correct answer.
(a) Statement A is correct and B is wrong.
(b) Statement B is correct and A is wrong.
(c) Statements A and B both are correct.
(d) Statements A and B both are wrong.
Karnataka CET-2011
Ans. (a) : Many organs of aquatic plant float in water
because of consists of network of parenchyma cell
which enclose very large air cavities. These air cavities
store gases and make the aquatic plant light and
buoyant.
• As air gap are present in the collenchyma tissue of
lotus leaf because collenchyma is a simple tissue with
pectocellulose thickening in its wall.
112. The branched sclereids present in hydrophytes
are:
(a) Osteosclereids (b) Trichosclereids
(c) Macrosclereids (d) Astrosclereids
AIIMS-2009
Ans. (d) :Astrosclerids are star shaped. It has branched
i.e arm. Many hydrophytes like nymphaea, astrosclerids
are found.
113. Collenchyma occurs in the stem and petioles of
(a) xerophytes (b) monocots
(c) dicot herbs (d) hybrophytes.
AIPMT-1990
Ans. (c) : Collenchyma occurs in the stem and petioles
of dicot herbs. It is found either as a homogeneous or in
patches. It consist of cell which are much thickened at
the corners due to a deposition of cellulose, is found in
epidermis of dicot stem and petioles and abundant in
climbing stems.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 567
114. Cork cambium and vascular cambium are
(a) parts of secondary xylem and phloem
(b) parts of pericycle
(c) lateral meristem
(d) apical meristem.
AIPMT-1990
Ans. (c) : Vascular cambium and cork cambium are the
two lateral meristems. Lateral meristems are located in
the stem and roots on the lateral side. It increases
thickness of the plants.
115. Sieve tubes are suited for translocation of food
because they possess
(a) bordered lumen and
(b) no end walls
(c) broader lumen and perforated cross walls
(d) no protoplasm.
AIPMT-1989
Ans. (c) : Sieve tube are suited for translocation of food
because they possess broader lumen and perforated
cross walls sieve tubes are elongated tubular conducting
channels of phloem. The wall possess many small pores
and have thin cellulosic wall.
116. Death of protoplasm is a pre-requisite for a
vital function like.
(a) transport of sap (b) transport of food
(c) absorption of water (d) gaseous exchange
AIPMT-1989
Ans. (a) : Death of protoplasm is a pre-requisite for a
vital function like transport of sap. Xylem is a dead
tissue and do not have protoplasm, xylem perform the
function of transport of water or sap inside the plant
from roots to leaves. Certain cells get lignified
deposition and leading to death of protoplasm such as
xylem cell.
117. Bordered pits are found in
(a) sieve cells (b) vessel wall
(c) companion cells (d) sieve tube wall
AIPMT-1993
Ans. (b) : Borded pits are found in vessel wall.
Pits are the depressions or cavity formed in the cell wall
that are found in the thick walled schlerenchyma,
parenchyma cells and the tracheary elements, i.e.
vessels and tracheids.
118. An organised and differentiated cellular
structure having cytoplasm but no nucleus is
(a) vessels (b) xylem parenchyma
(c) sieve tubes (d) tracheids.
AIPMT-1991
(c) : An organized and differentiated cellular structure
having cytoplasm but no nucleus is sieve tubes.
A mature sieve elements possesses a peripheral
cytoplasm and large vacuole but lacks a nucleus. The
functions of sieve tubes are controlled by the nucleus of
companion cells.
119. Which of the following is not true about
'sclereids'?
(a) These are groups of living cells.
(b) These are found in nut shells, guava pulp,
pear.
YCT
 (c) These are also celled stone cells.
(d) These are form of sclerenchyma with fibres.
AIPMT-1996
Ans. (a) : Sclereids are a type of sclerenchyma cells.
They are spherical, oval or cylindrical highly thickened
dead cells (non living) with very narrow cavities
(lumen). These are commonly found in the fruit walls
and nuts, pulp of fruits like guava, pear and sapota, seed
coats of legumes and leaves of tea. Sclerenchyma
provides mechanical supports to organs.
120. Removal of apical bud results in
(a) formation of new apical bud
(b) elongation of main special bud
(c) death of plant
(d) formation of lateral branching
AIPMT-1993
Ans. (d) : Removal of apical bud results in formation of
lateral branching because the apical bud produces a
hormone called Auxin which inhibits the growth of the
lateral buds. Apical bud is removed resulting in the
removal of apical dominance is broadly used in tea
plantation.
121. Aerenchyma is found in :
(a) parenchyma (b) xylem
(c) phloem (d) sclerenchyma
Punjab MET-2006
CG PMT -2004
Ans. (a) : The most common type of simple permanent
tissue present in all the plants which are isodiametric
i.e., expanded equally and vary greatly in morphology
along with physiology is known as parenchyma. In
aquatic plants, large air cavities are present in
parenchyma to give support to them to float on water.
Such a parenchyma type is called as aerenchyma.
122. Stelar tissues like xylem and phloem, etc, arise
from which of the following
(a) protpderm (b) cambium
(c) procambium (d) lateral meristem
BCECE-2015
Ans. (c) : Steler tissues like xylem and phloem, etc arise
from procambium. The procambium is a meristematic
tissue concerned with providing the primary tissue of
the vascular system.
123. Which of the following cells is not totipotent?
(a) Pith cell (b) Epidermal cell
(c) Sieve cell (d) Pollen grain
JIPMER-2002
Ans. (c) : Sieve cell is not totipotent because sieve cell
have a large central vacuole with thin peripheral
protoplasm.
• Totipotent cell have the ability of regeneration.
• Sieve cell : - Sieve cells are long, conducting cells
with narrow diameter that do with albuminous cells that
helps in the transportation of organic materials. Sieves
cells are single cells. The sieves pores are present on
both lateral and walls.
124. Hard, lignified, thick walled, long and pointed
cells in a plant are
(a) parenchyma (b) sclerenchyma
(c) collenchyma (d) sclereids
CG PMT-2005
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 568
Ans. (b) : Hard, lignified, thick walled, long and
pointed cells in a plant are sclerenchyma. These cells
are also specialised cells. The wall is made up of lignin
which makes it waterproof cells are consists of rigid and
thick cell walls. At maturity consists of dead cells.
125. Identify from the following a plant tissue in
which lignin does not occur in the cellwalls
(a) Sclerenchyma fibers (b) Collenchyma
(c) Xylem tracheae (d) Sclereids
Karnataka CET-2005
Ans. (b) : Lignin does not occurs in the cell wall of
collenchyma. Collenchyma cell are living cells and have
cellulosic cell walls and helps the plant to keep their
shape. Lignin, complex oxygen–containing organic
polymer, with cellulose forms the chief constituent of
wood. Lignin is second most abundant organic material
on earth.
126. Tyloses are the structures found in xylem
vessels:
(a) help in efficient flow of water
(b) help in efficient flow of nutrients
(c) function is neutral
(d) all the time hinders the flow of water
Karnataka CET-2000
Ans. (d) : Tyloses are the balloon like structure which
are developed by the adjacent xylem parenchyma and
ray parenchyma cells and block the lumen of vessels.
• Tyloses are commonly found in many angiospermic
families normally they develop into heart wood to give
extra mechanical support.
127. Aerenchyma is present in which of the
following plants ? (1) Neptunia (2)
potamogeton (3) Bryophyllum (4) Vallisneria
(a) 1,2 and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 and 4 are correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct
BHU PMT (Mains)-2007
Ans. (c) : Aerenchyma is present in potamogeton and
vallisneria. Aerenchyma helps in buoyancy. It is well
developed in hydrophytes. Aerenchyma is a modified
parenchyma, tissue containing air chambers between
cells.
These cells facilitate the diffusion of gasses between the
plants and its surroundings and provide buoyancy to
aquatic plants.
128. Latex vessels are found in (1) Calotropis (2)
Hevea (3) Oleander (4) Papaya
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 and 4 are correct
(d) 1 and 3 are correct
BHU PMT (Mains)-2007
Ans. (c) : Latex vessels are found in Hevea and Papaya.
In Hevea, latex vessels take place secondary phloem
and papaya latex vessels take place in both secondary
phloem and secondary xylem.
129. In the sieve elements, which one of the
following is the most likely function of P-
proteins?
YCT
 (a) Deposition of callose on sieve plates
(b) Providing energy for active translocation
(c) Autolytic enzymes
(d) Sealing off mechanism on wounding
JIPMER-2011
Ans. (d) : The balloon shaped intrusions appear in the
xylem vessels of heart wood or duramen are called
Tyloses. These are formed by the intrusions of ray
parenchyma through pits present in the cell wall of
vessels. In this cell walls are lignified. They block the
xylem vessels. Due to the presence of tyloses,
Pathogenic organisms cannot infect the heart wood due
to the presence of tyloses. The main function of P-
Protein is sealing mechanism on wounding.
130. Sieve tube is :
(a) without nucleus (b) multinucleate
(c) uninucleate (d) none of these
Rajasthan PMT-1999
Ans. (a) : Sieve tubes are considered living cells
without a nucleus because the nucleus of companion
cells controls their functional activities. Companion
cells which unite with sieve tubes to form the sieve
element-companion cell complex are related to sieve -
tube members.
Note - The cell nucleus is a prominent structure that is
responsible for undertaking several processes such as
transcription and replication. The nucleus is considered
as the controlling center of the cells . It's present mostly
in all eukaryotic except a few. In plant cells , the
nucleus is absent in the sieve tubes. Sieve tubes cells are
conducting cells of the phloem and do not contain
nucleus and ribosome.
131. The plant tissue having aquatic adaptation is
(a) collenchyma (b) sclerenchyma
(c) aerenchyma (d) parenchyma
UP CPMT-2012
Ans. (c) : The adaptations can be easily observed in the
anatomy of the hydrophytes. Aerenchyma is specialized
parenchyma cells which are air -filled. They provide
buoyancy to the aquatic plants.
In the cross-section of aquatic plants aerenchyma
appears like a cavity. Each cavity is separated from one
another using chlorenchymatous cells.
Some characteristics of parenchyma are as follows.
The arenchyma is filled with respiratory gases like
carbon dioxide, oxygen. The air chambers have the
presence of cross septa called as the diaphragm which
provides better aeration and is important in plant
floating.
132. Collenchyma is
(a) living and contains protoplasm
(b) dead and hollow
(c) dead and filled with reserve food
(d) living and contains no reserve food
JCECE-2008
Ans. (a) : Collenchyma is living and contains
protoplasm. It is a supporting tissue composed of more
or less elongated living cells with unevenly thickened,
nonlignified primary walls. collenchyma tissue are
found below the epidermis of stem and around veins of
leaves in plants.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 569
133. The chief function of sieve tube element is:
(a) to conduct minerals
(b) to help the plant in forming wood
(c) to transport water from roots to leaves
(d) to translocate the organic material from
source to sink
Manipal-2006
Ans. (d) : The chief function of sieve tube element is to
translocate the organic material form source to sink.
Material from source to sink sieve tubes are a
component of the phloem in plants. They function as the
vessel that transport organic food and other material
across the plant. It transport of carbohydrates, primarily
sucrose, in the plant.
134. Tyloses thickenings are seen in
(a) ray parenchyma and xylem cells
(b) sclerenchyma
(c) ray parenchyma only
(d) collenchyma
BHU PMT-2004
UP CPMT-2001
Punjab MET-1999
Ans. (a) : Tyloses thickenings are seen in ray
parenchyma and xylem cells.' Tyloses are balloon – like
swellings or projections that fill the vessels. Tyloses are
spheroidal protoplasmic bulges that are generally
formed when the adjacent parenchyma cells, axial
parenchyma or raycells, protrude into the dead axial
conducting cells.
135. Lignification is associated with:
(a) xylem (b) phloem
(c) parenchyma (d) chlorenchyma
Punjab MET-2006
Rajasthan PMT-2004
Ans. (a) : Lignification is associated with ‘xylem' it is a
cell wall fortifying process which occurs in xylem tissue
in a scheduled manner during tissue differentiation. It is
a complex process. It's main function is to strength in
the plant vascular body.
136. Oval, spherical or polygonal cells, thickening at
the corners due to the deposition of cellulose,
hemicellulose and pectin, often containing
chloroplasts and having or not having
intercellular spaces are called
(a) parenchyma (b) chlorenchyma
(c) sclerenchyma (d) collenchyma
AMU-2015
Ans. (d) : Oval, spherical or polygonal cells, thickening
at the corners due to the deposition of cellulose,
hemicelluloses and pectin often containing chloroplasts
and having or not having intercellular spaces are called
‘Collenchymatous cells.
The cells of collenchymas tissue may also usually be
oval, round or virtually usually polygonal and often
type of basically comprise chloroplasts in a genuinely
most important way in an especially huge way. It
consists of cells which are much thickened at the
corners due to the deposition of cellulose, pectin and the
hemicellulose. Intercellular spaces are absent in
collenchyma tissue.
YCT
137. Vessels and companion cells are characteristics
of :
(a) angiosperm (b) gymnosperm
(c) pteridophyta (d) fern
BCECE-2005
Ans. (a) : Vessels and companion cells are
characteristics of ‘angiosperm'. It is one of the
important features of flowering plants and around the
plant it carries water. Water transport is maintained by
the xylem part of angiosperms and transport of food is
maintained by the phloem part. Companion cells are the
integral component of the phloem in the angiosperms. It
is closely associated with the development and function
of a sieve-tube element.
Hence, vessels and companion cells are the
characteristic features of angiosperms and absent in
gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes.
138. Which of the following cell is enucleate at
maturity?
(a) Sieve tube (b) Xylem
(c) Tracheids (d) Fibre
BHU PMT-2002
AIIMS-2000
Ans. (a) : ‘Sieve tube' cell is enucleate at maturity. A
matured sieve cell or sieve tube element lack of nucleus
Thus, these are enucleated living cells.
139. Porous wood contains
(a) vessels (b) tracheids
(c) fibres (d) parenchyma
BVP-2010
Ans. (a) : Porous wood contains the ‘vessels'. The wood
produced by angiosperms is called hard wood. It is
composed mainly of vessels and is also called ‘porous
wood.
140. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Xylem is made of all living cells
(b) Xylem is made of living and non-living cells
(c) Xylem is made of non-living cells
(d) Xylem does not contain cells
BVP-2010
BHU PMT(Mains)-2005
Ans. (b) : Xylem is made of living and nonliving cells.
It is a plant tissue that is complex and it is responsible
for water transport and nutrients to the plant Xylem–
type vessel cells can be either alive or dead. According
to botanists, the elements of xylem tissue are dead
except for the living parenchyma.
141. Vessels and companion cells are absent in :
(a) gymnosperm and pteridophyta
(b) pteridophyta and monocot
(c) dicot and angiosperms
(d) none of the above
Rajasthan PMT-1996
Ans. (a) : Vessels and companion cells are absent in
‘gymnosperm and pteridophyta'. Gymnosperms do not
have vessels and companion cells. Xylem in
gymnosperms consists of tracheids instead of vessels.
Gymnosperms and lower plants such as Pteridophytes,
mosses and ferns lack sieve tubes and companion cells.
Pteridophytes are vascular plants but they differ from
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 570
angiosperms in that they lack Xylem vessels and
phloem companion cells. Gymnosperms cells for food
conduction.
142. Which of the following tissue is complex?
(a) Sclereids (b) Xylem
(c) Collenchyma (d) Sclerenchyma
UP CPMT-2010
Ans. (b) : Xylem and phloem are known as complex
tissues as they both are made up of more than one type
of cells. These cells work in a coordinated manner, as a
unit, to perform the various functions. Xylem helps in
conducting of water and minerals. Xylem are composed
of tracheids, xylem parenchyma, vessels and xylem
fibres.
143. Which of the following is removed in girdling
experiment?
(a) Bark only
(b) Bark with phloem
(c) Phloem only
(d) Completely vascular tissue
UP CPMT-2010
Ans. (b) : 'Bark with phloem' is removed in girdling
experiment. This experiment is used to identify the
tissue through which the food is transported. In this
experiment bark (Phloem) is removed from the wood by
a process known as girdling. When a ring of bark is
removed from a woody plant, the woody xylem part
remains intact, which causes the water and the nutrients
to reach the leaves.
144. Phloem conducts food by
(a) perforated sieve plates
(b) bast fibres
(c) xylem parenchyma
(d) xylem fibres
UP CPMT-2003
Ans. (a) : Phloem conduct food by perforated sieve
plates. Sieve plates are connecting and transport tissue
in plant. Sieve plate allows the food to pass through the
phloem tubes. The tiny pores present on these tubes
help in the transport and absorption of food particles.
These have long and elongated structures that connect
the roots and all other parts of plants.
145. The nature of cell occurring in medulla is
(a) Suberised (b) Liquefied
(c) Collenchymatous (d) Parenchymatous
VMMC-2013
Ans. (d) : The nature of cell occurring in medulla is
‘parenchymatous', It is made up of parenchymatous
cells, medulla is a ground tissue present at the central
region of stele. It consist of parenchymatous cells,
medulla is also called Pith. Pith stores water and food
materials.
146. The function of a vessel is
(a) conduction of food
(b) conduction of water and minerals
(c) conduction of hormones
(d) All of the above
Manipal-2012, 2000
Punjab MET-2004
YCT
Ans. (b) : The function of vessel (present in xylem) is
conduction of water and minerals. In plants, the same
set of pipe–like vessels transport water, mineral salts
and food. It is present only in angiosperms. Vessels are
longitudinal channels composed of perforated cells.
147. Phloem contains (1) dead matter in it know as
bast (2) long and narrow sclerenchymatous
fibres (3) companion cell, which are living,
thin-walled, narrow. (4) cells which are long
and tubular with lignified cell wall
(a) 1,2 and 3 are correct
(b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 and 4 are correct
(d) 1 and 3 are correct
BHU PMT (Mains)-2011
Ans. (d) : From the above Statement is (d) option a
correct answer. Phloem contains dead matter in it which
is known as bast. It contains companion cells, which are
living, thin- walled, narrow. Phloem fibres also called
as ‘bast fibres' are the only dead cells present in the
phloem. Phloem parenchyma and companion cells are
elements of phloem and both are living cells and thin
walled.
Hence, statement 1 and 3 are correct.
148. The inter xylary phloem is found in
(a) Salvia stem (b) Cucurbita stem
(c) Calotropis stem (d) None of the above
BHU PMT (Mains)-2011
Ans. (c) : The interxylary phloem is found in
‘Calotropis stem'. Interxylary phloem is the presence of
phloem strands embedded within the secondary xylem
and produced by the activity of a single cambium,
calotropis stem said to be interxylary due to its presence
inside xylem.
149. The plant tissue having aquatic adaptation is
(a) collenchyma (b) sclerenchyma
(c) aerenchyma (d) parenchyma
UP CPMT-2012
Ans. (c) : The plant tissue having aquatic adaptation is
‘aerenchyma'. Aerenchyma is a special spongy tissue
with large intercellular air spaces that is found in
aquatic plants. These air spaces are help in gaseous
exchange. These are makes the plant light, hence, the
plants can float very easily in water.
150. Which of the following maintains continuity
between the water and lipid phases inside and
outside the cells?
(a) Cell wall
(b) Lecithin
(c) Cell vacuole
(d) Cell membrane of woody plants
Uttarakhand PMT-2004
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Ans. (b) : ‘Lecithin' maintains continuity between the
water and lipid phases inside and outside of the cells.
The major phospholipids is made up of phosphotidyl-
cholines, also called lecithin. It maintains the continuity
between the water and lipid phases.
151. Damaged sieve tubes are sealed by deposition
of
(a) Pectin (b) Callus
(c) Suberin (d) Lignin
BHU PMT (Screening)-2007
Ans. (b) : Damaged sieve tubes are sealed by deposition
of ‘callus'. Callus is formed by a carbohydrate called
callose. When callus is formed the pores are blocked
and so the transport of food material is retarded. At the
advance of spring this substance dissolve and the pores
open again. Callose is deposited into the tangled mass
in the sieve pores of damaged sieve tubes, which serves
to seal off the damaged sieve elements.
152. The jute fibres anatomically are
(a) Bast fibres (b) Cortical fibres
(c) Xylem fibres (d) Pith fibres
BHU PMT (Screening)-2007
Ans. (a) : The jute fibres anatomically are ‘ Bast fibres',
It is a ligno-cellulosic fibre that is partially a textile
fiber and partially wood. It falls in to the bast fibre
category. This fibre is collected from bats or skin of the
plant. It is also known as golden fibre mainly because of
its colour.
153. In the sieve elements, which one of the
following is the most likely function of P-
proteins?
(a) Deposition of callose on sieve plates
(b) Providing energy for active translocation
(c) Autolyric enzymes
(d) Sealing off mechanism on wounding
Rajasthan PMT-2010
Ans. (d) : In the sieve elements, sealing off mechanism
on wounding is the most likely function of P-proteins.
P-protein is also called phloem protein. This protein can
be traced to the phloem. The most important function of
P-protein is the sealing mechanism on wounding P-
proteins are usually found in phloem of dicot plants.
154. Wilting of plant is due to
(a) blockage of phloem
(b) blockage of xylem
(c) when some roots and phloem are removed
(d) tracheid is blocked
BCECE-2010
WB JEE-2007
571 YCT
Ans. (b) : Wilting of plant is due to the ‘blockage of
xylem'. The collapse of leaves due to loss of water is
called ‘wilting'. It may be caused due to excessive
transpiration, blocking of xylem elements or some
diseases, when roots are unable to supply sufficient
moisture to the stems and leaves plants to wilt.
155. When sunflower leaf is exposed to sunlight, the
solar radiations first pass through its upper
epidermis and then through
(a) spongy parenchyma
(b) lower epidermis
(c) vascular bundles
(d) palisade parenchyma
AMU-2011
Ans. (d) : When sunflower leaf is exposed to sunlight,
the solar radiations first pass through its upper
epidermis and then through palisade parenchyma. In a
dicot leaf-symmetry is dorsiventral, stomata are more
on lower surface, bundle sheath is made up of
parenchyma, they have the palisade parenchyma on
adaxial side and spongy parenchyma on abaxial side,
sunflower is a dicot.
156. One of the following is not true for
hydrophytes.
(a) Vessels are usually absent
(b) Tracheids are absent
(c) Cuticle is poorly developed
(d) Air chambers are well developed
AMU-2010
Ans. (b) : Tracheids are absent is not true for the
hydrophytes. In hydrophytes cuticle is poorly
developed. It have special air chambers called
‘aerenchyma'. Tracheids are developed but the vessels
are completely absent in hydrophytes.
157. Medullary rays are made up of
(a) parenchymatous cells
(b) sclerenchymatous cells
(c) tracheids
(d) fibres
AMU-2010
Ans. (a) : Medullary rays are made up of
‘parenchymatous cell. Medullary rays are also known as
vascular rays or pith rays. These rays are
parenchymatous cells which allow the radial transport
of sap and essential in the process of tylosis. Medullary
rays store and transport food material.
158. Growth rings are formed due to activity of :
(a) extrastelar cambium (b) intrastelar cambium
(c) interstelar cambium (d) both 'a' and 'c'
MGIMS Wardha-2004
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 572
Ans. (b) : Growth rings are formed due to the activity
of intrastelar cambium. These rings are found in trees.
The growth occurs in the cambium which creates new
tissue and increases the growth of the tree. Cambium is
responsible for the annual or growth ring. Intrastelar
cambium is present between xylem and phloem in dicot
stem and roots. The vascular cambium is present within
the stele, therefore it is also termed as intra-stellar
cambium (vascular cambium) is responsible for
increasing the diameter of stems and roots and for
producing woody tissue.
159. Cotton fibres which are obtained from
Gossypium are:
(a) surface fibre (b) soft fibre
(c) hard fibre (d) bast fibre
VMMC-2006
Ans. (a) : Cotton fibres are surface fibre which are
obtained from Gossypium, extracted from the covering
of seed. They grow from the surface of seeds, leaves or
fruits. The surface fibre is made of pure cellulose.
160. The layer of parenchyma surrounding a
vascular bundle is known as:
(a) bundle sheath
(b) bundle shield
(c) bundle parenchyma
(d) bundle fibre
VMMC-2006
Ans. (a) : The layer of parenchyma surrounding a
vascular bundle is known as ‘ bundle sheath'. The
bundle sheath cells are a layer of cells found in plant
leaves and stem. These cells form a sheath around the
vascular bundles. These are consist of chloroplasts and
are key sites of the Calvin cycle. In dicots the bundle
sheath parenchyma also called border parenchyma.
161. Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma
(a) retaining protoplasm at maturity
(b) having thick walls
(c) having wide lumen
(d) being meristematic
CG PMT-2007
Ans. (a) : Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma due
to the retaining protoplasm at maturity collenchyma
cells contain protoplasm and do not have any
intercellular spaces. Sclerenchyma is made up of dead
cells with thick walls. Sclerenchyma cells do not have
protoplasm, these cells are lignified and strong
secondary cell wall and are usually dead at maturity.
162. Which of the following is related with transfer
of food material?
(a) Xylem (b) Collenchyma
(c) Phloem (d) Parenchyma
Uttarakhand-2005
YCT
Ans. (c) : 'Phloem' is related with transfer of food
material. The main functions of these tissues (Phloem)
are transports of food material and mechanical support
to the plants phloem is a complex permanent tissue
present in higher vascular plants.
163. Which of the following is enucleate at
maturity?
(a) Cortical cell (b) Cambial cell
(c) Meristematic cell (d) Sieve tube cell
Uttarakhand-2005
Ans. (d) : ‘Sieve tube cell,' is enucleated at maturity. A
mature sieve cell or sieve tube element lack nucleus
thus these are enucleated living cells. Sieve tubes are
considered living cells without a nucleus because the
nucleus of companion cells controls their functional
activities. The main function of sieve tube the transport
of carbohydrates primarily sucrose, in the plant.
164. Compound sieve plates are found in:
(a) Cucurbita (b) Vitis
(c) Magnolia (d) Corchorus
AP EAMCET-2003
Ans. (b) : Compound sieve plates are found in ‘vitis', A
compound sieve plate has more than one area. When a
sieve plates consist of more than one region of pores it
is known as a compound sieve tube like in vitis. In
compound sieve plates are pores in the plant cell walls
that facilitate transport of material.
165. Companion cells in plans are associated with :
(a) vessels (b) sperms
(c) sieve elements (d) guard cells
Haryana PMT-2004
Ans. (c) : Companion cells in plants are associated with
‘sieve elements'. Each companion cell is usually closely
associated with the sieve element. These cells are
present in the phloem tissue of the flowering plant. The
companion cells are specialized parenchymatous cells,
which are closely associated with sieve tube elements.
166. The waxy substance associated with cell wall of
cork cells is :
(a) suberin (b) cutin
(c) hemicelluloses (d) lignin
Haryana PMT-2004
Ans. (a) : The waxy substance associated with cell wall
of cork cell is ‘Suberin'.
Suberin is highly hydrophobic and its main function is
to prevent water from penetrating the tissue.
167. A tissue whose living cells form the mechanical
tissue of actively growing organs and whose cell
walls show cellulosic unlignified thickenings
often at the corners of its cells is called:
(a) Parenchyma (b) chlorenchyma
(c) collenchyma (d) sclerenchyma
WB JEE-2014
JIPMER-2000
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 573
Ans. (c) : A tissue whose living cells form the
mechanical tissue of activity growing organs and whose
cell walls shows cellulosic unlignified thickenings often
at the corners of its cells is called ‘collenchyma'.
Term Collenchyma coined by Schleiden. It is a living
mechanical tissue.
168. Excessive aerenchyma is characteristic of :
(a) heliophytes (b) mesophytes
(c) xerophytes (d) hydrophytes
JIPMER-2001
Ans. (d) : Excessive Aerenchyma is characteristic of
‘hydrophytes' in aquatic plants (hydrophytes) have large
air cavities present in Aerenchyma to give support them
to float on water. Hydrophytes possess special air
storage parenchyma tissue, called as Aerenchyma.
For example:- Hydrilla, Ceratophyllum, Lotus,
Echhornia etc.
169. The stalk of a plant leaf is derived from which
one of the following types of plant tissue?
(a) Sclerenchyma (b) Parenchyma
(c) Chlorenchyma (d) Collenchyma
KVPY SA-2014
Ans. (d) : The stalk of a plant leaf is derived from
‘collenchyma', type of plants tissue. The collenchyma
occurs in layers below the epidermis in dicotyledonous
plants. It consists of cells which are much thickened at
the corners due to a deposition of cellulose,
hemicelluloses and pectin. These cells assimilate food
when they contain chloroplasts.
170. Collenchyma resembles parenchyma in being
(a) potentially meristematic
(b) partially cutinised
(c) provided with air spaces
(d) devoid of chloroplasts
AMU-1997
Ans. (d) : Collenchyma resembles parenchyma is being
devoid of chloroplasts. Parenchyma cells containing
chloroplasts which is called chlorenchyma.
Collenchyma cell may or may not contain a few
chloroplasts.
Hence, collenchyma is a correct answer.
171. The nature of sieve elements in the phloem are
(a) dead
(b) enucleate
(c) thick-walled
(d) living but non-functional.
AMU-1997
Ans. (b) : A mature sieve element possesses a
peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole but lacks a
nucleus. The functions of sieve tubes are controlled by
the nucleus of companion cells.
YCT
172. Radial conduction of water takes place by 176. Simple tissue with mechanical and
(a) vessels physiological functions in a young
(b) vessels and tracheids dicotyledonous plant is:
(c) phloem (a) parenchyma (b) collenchyma
(d) ray parenchymatous cells (c) sclerenchyma (d) meristematic tissue
AMU-2012 AP EAMCET-2002
Ans. (d) : Radial conduction of water takes place by JIPMER-1996
‘ray parenchymatous cells'. Transport of nutrients and Ans. (b) : ‘Collenchyma', is a simple tissue with
water radially between the xylem and phloem by ray mechanical and physiological functions in a young
parenchyma cell. Radial conduction refers to the dicotyledonous plants. This tissue is composed by
conduction of water in the horizontal direction through elongated living cells of uneven primary thick walls,
the xylem. which possess cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectic
Hence, radial conduction takes place by the ray materials. It provides support structure, mechanical
parencymatous cells of xylem. strength and flexibility to the petiole, leaf veins and
173. Wood is the common name of stem of young plants, allowing for easy bending without
breakage.
(a) phloem (b) vascular bundles
(c) cambium (d) secondary xylem 177. The crunchy and granular feeling when we
chew pear fruit is due to
CG PMT-2006
(a) parenchyma (b) collenchyma
Ans. (d) : Wood is the common name of ‘secondary
(c) chlorenchyma (d) sclerenchyma
xylem. The inner non-functional secondary xylem is
CMC Ludhiana-2014
called Heart wood and the outer functional secondary
xylem is known as Sapwood. Wood is the secondary Ans. (d) : The crunchy and granular feeling when chew
xylem produced by coniferous gymnosperms and by pear fruit is due to the ‘ sclerenchyma' tissue. The
sclerenchyma cells are of two types-fibres and sclereids.
dicotyledonous angiosperms. Wood conducts water
The sclereids give a crunchy feeling to the pear because
from the roots to the leaves and it also supports the
it provides support and hardens the tissue. Sclereid cells
branches and crown of trees and shrubs. are also called ''stone cells''.
174. Which of the following would be insignificant 178. The nature of cells occurring in medulla is:
amount in xylem sap? (a) parenchymatous (b) liquified
(a) Sugar (b) Nitrates
(c) suburised (d) collcnchymatous
(c) Phosphates (d) Water
AP EAMCET-1997
Manipal-2009
Ans. (a) : The nature of cells occurring medulla is
Karnataka CET-2009
‘parenchymatous', Medulla is also called pith. It is a
Ans. (a) : ‘Sugar', would be insignificant amount in ground tissue present at the central region of stele.
xylem sap. Xylem is a vascular tissue which has the role Medulla is made up of parenchymatous cells.
of the conduction of water and minerals form the roots
179. Cell wall of xylem is rich in
to the shoots in the plants. It is found in roots, stems and
leaves of the plants. (a) Starch (b) lignin
Phloem is the tissue of the plant which transports the (c) lipid (d) protein
soluble organic substances to the various parts of the CG PMT-2010
plant. Ans. (b) : Cell wall of xylem is rich in ‘lignin'. Lignin
Sugar is carried by the phloem form the leaves to the and cellulose are found in the rigid cells. It helps in the
other parts. Phloem tissue is involved in transport of transportation of water in stems. Presence of lignin is
sugar. make up the wood of woody plants in Xylem cells.
175. Which of the following tissue helps in the flow 180. Anatomically jute fibres are
of water in vascular plant ? (a) Xylem fibres
(a) Xylem (b) Phloem (b) Phloem fibres
(c) Cambium (d) Sieve tube cell (c) Sclerenchyma fibres
DUMET-2001 (d) Cortical fibres
Ans. (a) : ‘Xylem', tissue helps in the flow of water in CG PMT-2010
vascular plant. Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports Ans. (b) : Anatomically jute fibres are ‘Phloem fibres',
water and dissolved minerals from roots to stems and are known as sclerenchymatous fibres, as they are made
leaves. It also transports the nutrients. up of sclerenchyma cells. These fibres are mainly found
Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water- in the phloem, so they are also called the ‘phloem
conducting cells known as treachery elements. fibres'. It falls into the bast fibre category,

Anatomy of Flowering Plants 574 YCT

181. The sclerenchymatous part of pericycle which
gives mechanical support is called:
(a) hard bast (b) bast fibres
(c) sclereids (d) wood fibres
AP EAMCET-2000
Ans. (b) : The sclerenchymatous part of pericycle
which gives mechanical support is called ‘bast fibres',
bast fibres are called phloem fibres, they are
sclerenchymatous dead cells that provide mechanical
strength to the plants.
182. An old trunk of shisham (Dalbergia sisso) tree
would possess maximum amount of
(a) Primary xylem (b) Secondary xylem
(c) Primary phloem (d) Secondary cortex
Rajasthan PMT-2011
Ans. (b) : Maximum amount of secondary xylem is
present in an old trunk of shisham. It is formed from the
secondary growth of the plants. Secondary growth
increases the diameter of the stem in plants. In
Dalbergia sissoo, a vascular cambium is found, its
function is to produce wood cells and bark cells,
vascular cambium produces a large amount of
secondary xylem towards its inner side.
183. Tracheids differs from vessels in having:
(a) Thick wall
(b) Bordered pits
(c) Discontinuous Intercalary wall
(d) Spiral thickening
Rajasthan PMT-2000
Rajasthan PMT-2006
Ans. (b) : Tracheid differs from vessels in having
‘bordered pits'. Tracheids are made up of single cells,
whereas vessels are made up of a group of cells.
Tracheids are found in all vascular plant but vessels are
only seen in angiosperms, tracheids are found less large
pits while vessels are found large small pits. Bordered
pits are structures found in the conductive tissues of
many plants. The tracheids, which transport liquids, are
dead cells.
184. The difference in phloem of gymnosperms and
angiosperms is due to:
(a) Parenchyma (b) Sieve cell
(c) Companion cell (d) Fibres
Rajasthan PMT-2006,2002
Ans. (c) : The difference in phloem of gymnosperms
and angiosperms is due to the ‘companion cell', phloem
in gymnosperms lack both sieve tubes and
corresponding cells. Companion cells are attached to the
sieve tubes and regulate, their activity phloem in
gymnosperms doesn't have either, instead, they have
sieve cells and albuminous cells for the conduction of
food.
Hence, the difference in phloem of both is due to the
‘companion cell'.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 575
185. As compared to sclerenchyma, parenchyma
does not function in:
(a) gas exchange
(b) nutrient transport
(c) mechanical support
(d) support and gas exchange
AP EAMCET-1999
Ans. (c) : As compared to sclerenchyma, parenchyma
does not function in ‘mechanical support', parenchyma
has loosely packed cells that contain intercellular
spaces. They store and assimilate food, they serve as a
food storage tissue. Parenchyma is a permanent tissue
helps in storing food in plants. Sclerenchyma provides
mechanical strength. These cells are usually found
associated with other cells types and give them
mechanical support. Sclerenchyma is an example of a
simple permanent but dead mechanical tissue. It has a
cell wall that is made up of cellulose and lignin. It
provides mechanical support to the plants.
186. The stele, in the root of the following is
tetrarch:
(a) Nicotiana (b) Helianthus
(c) Gossypium (d) Trapa
AP EAMCET-1999
Ans. (c) : The stele, in the root of 'Gossypium' is
tetrarch, based on the number of xylem strands present
in the stele, it can be different types in vascular tissue or
the stele consists of three tissues, the pericycle, the
xylem and also the phloem. In ‘Gossypium' the tetrarch
stele is found. Tetrarch stele is a stele which contain the
4 xylem strands.
187. Wilting of plant is because
(a) xylem is blocked
(b) phloem is blocked
(c) epidermis few roots are removed
(d) pith is removed
VMMC-2007
BHU PMT (Screening)-2006
UPCPMT-2002
Ans. (a) : If the Xylem is blocked, the plant will
undergo wilting due to the lack of proper transport of
water. The main function of the Xylem is to transport
water unidirectionally from roots to tips of the plant.
This will lead to loss of rigidity of cells and lead to
wilting.
188. Assertion: Libriform fibres are true fibres.
Reason: Libriform fibre develop from non-
functional tracheids by reduction
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
Reason is the explanation of Assertion
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but
Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion
YCT
 (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false 192. Compare the statement A and B
(d) Assertion is false but Reason is true Statement A : Sclerenchyma cells do not have
Manipal-2010
plasmodesmata
Ans. (c) : Among the following statements the assertion
(A) is true but the reason (R) is false. A fibre with very Statement B : The cell walls of some permanent
thick walls and reduced simple pits are termed as tissues are heavily lignified.
‘libriform fibres', these fibres are present in phloem. Select the correct description :
Libriform fibres occur in woody dicotyledons.
Libriform fibre is not developped from non-functional (a) Both the statements A and B are wrong
tracheids by reduction, (b) Statement A is correct and B is wrong
189. The longest plant cell is : (c) Statement A is wrong and B is correct
(a) fibre (b) vessel (d) Both the statements A and B are correct
(c) tracheid (d) sieve tube
Rajasthan PMT-2000 Karnataka CET-2010
Ans. (a) : The longest plant cell is fibre. Fibres are Ans. (d): Sclerenchyma cells do not have
greatly elongated cells whose long, tapering ends plasmodesmata because they are thick and dead cells.
interlock, which provides maximum support to a plant So, there is no need for plasmodesmata in dead cells as
fibres are the longest plant cells with the length up to
21.65 inches long. It is elongated by intercalary growth cell to cell communication does not take place in dead
and intrusive tip growth. cells. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are
190. Bast fibres obtains from which part of the types of permament tissues in which sclerenchyma is
stem? heavily lignified.
(a) Cork (b) Cortex
(c) Xylem (d) Phloem 193. Study the following table:
Rajasthan PMT-2000 S. Tissue Structura Function
Ans. (d) : Bast fibres are obtains from ‘phloem' part of No
l feature
.
the stem. Bast fibres also called ‘phloem fibres'. It is a
type of plant fiber that can be collected from the phloem 1. Collenchyma Cell walls Photosynthesi
or bast surrounding to the stem of mainly with high s in young
dicotyledonous plants. They are sclerenchymatous dead water stems
cells that provide mechanical strength to plants. content
191. Which of the following is anucleated living
plant cell? 2. Parenchyma Suberised Storage of
(a) Sieve tube (b) Vessel cell walls food
(c) Tracheid (d) All of these 3. Sclerenchym Lignified Strength
AMU-2002
a cell walls
Ans. (a) : ‘Sieve tube' is anucleated living plant cell.
Sieve elements are the phloem conducting elements. 4. Digestive Dense Breaking the
The sieve elements are stacked on top of each other to glands cytoplas substrate
form vertical sieve tubes. m without water
The nucleus is absent in mature sieve tubes. Sieve tube
elements also known as sieve tube members in plant The correct combination is:
anatomy. Sieve tubes are considered as living cells (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
without a nucleus because the nucleus of companion (c) 1 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
cells controls their functional activities. AP EAMCET-2005
VMMC-2010
Ans. (d) : Collenchyma is a living tissue consist of a
non-lignified cellulosic thick walled cell. Each cell
contain an average of about 60-70% of water. The
primary function of Collenchyma is to provide support
but in young stem due to presence of chlorophyll it also
take part in photosynthesis.
Sclerenchyma tissue consists of a lignified thick
walled cell. It provides mechanical support to the plant.
Parenchyma typically composed of living cells that
are thin walled, variable in morphology and physiology
that concerned vegetative activities of plant like
photosynthesis, assimilation, respiration, storage,
secretion and excretion.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants 576 YCT

Digestive glands secrete digestive juices, which contain 197. Vascular tissues in flowering plants develop
enzyme for digestion of food. The digestive system also from
contains associated glands such as pancreas, liver etc. (a) phellogen (b) plerome
which release their secretions in the elementary canal to (c) periblem (d) dermatogen
facilitate digestion. JIPMER-2012
Schlerenchyma cells are specialized plant cells that Ans. (b) : Plerome is the central histogen which forms
exist to provide strength and support. Their cell wall stele or part of stem and root inner to endodermis. Part
consists of cellulose, lignin and hemi cellulose. of plerome the forms vascular tissues is called
194. P- proteins belong to procambium.
(a) xylem parenchyma Plerome represent the inner region of the apical
(b) trichomes meristem. It consists of thin-walled cells that serve as
(c) sieve tube elements precursors for stele including the pith.
(d) tracheids and vessels 198. Companion cells are closely associated with:
UP CPMT-2005 (a) Trichomes
Ans. (c) : Sieve tube element contains special type of (b) Guard cells
protein P- proteins in which P stand for phloem. Most (c) Sieve elements
likely function of P- protein is sealing mechanism on (d) Vessel elements
wounding along with callose and it is also related with AIPMT (Screening)-2012
conduction of food. Ans. (c) : Companion cells are thin walled elongated
• Xylem parenchyma, tracheids and vessels are the part cell which is associated with sieve tube.
of xylem. They are associated with sieve elements through
Trichomes are fine outgrowths or appendages on plasmodesmata and they together help in the transport
plants, algae, lichens, and certain Protists. mechanism in plants.
195. Transport of food material in higher plants Companion cells are present only in angiosperm.
takes place through Pteridophytes and gymnosperms do not have
(a) Sieve elements companion cell.
(b) Companion cells
(c) Transfusion cells
(d) Tracheids
AIPMT (Mains)-2010
Ans. (a) : Transport of food material in higher plants
takes place through sieve elements. They are specialized
cells that are important for the function of phloem 199. Closely and compactly arranged fundamental
which is highly organized tissue that transports organic tissue is not found in
compounds made during photosynthesis. (a) Prothallus of Pteris
• The phloem also conducts some other substances (b) Medulla of dicot stem
such as amino acids. The conducting cells of the (c) Columella of Funaria
phloem are cylindrical cells called sieve tubes, which (d) Adaxial Mesophyll of Nerium
have sieve like partitions at both ends. AP EAMCET-2010
• These partitions are known as sieve plates. Ans. (b) : Pith (Medulla) of dicot stem occupies the
196. Which of the following tissues consist of living large central part of the dicot stem. It comprises thin
cells? walled parenchyma cell with inter cellular air space.
(a) Vessels (b) Tracheids Prothallus of Pteris – Prothallus of pteris is a single
layered cellular structure having rhizomes at its ventral
(c) Companion cell (d) Sclerenchyma
surface of the thalloid body.
JIPMER-2012 Columella of Funaria – Columella is the middle region
Ans. (c) : Companion cells are present between sieve consisting of parenchyma cell. It is found within the
tubes in the phloem of angiosperm. These are the living sporangium it act as a conducting tissue.
cells with large nucleus that controls the activity of non- Adaxial Mesophyll of Nerium – Both the adaxial and
nucleated sieve tubes. abaxial epidermis in nerium are multiseriate, being
Companion cells function to load and unload sugars into composed of up to three layers of compactly arranged
the cavity of sieve tube members. cell with heavily cutinized outer walls.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants 577 YCT

 203. Which is a useful product of epidermal origin?
D. Epidermal, Ground, Vascular (a) Saffron (b) Cotton fibres
(c) Clove (d) Jute
Tissue System JIPMER-2012
200. Sunken stomata are found in Uttarakhand PMT-2009
(a) Nerium (b) Hydrilla BVP-2009
(c) mango (d) none of these VMMC-2009
Manipal-2008 Ans. (b) : Cotton fibres is chiefly composed of
BVP-2008 epidermal hairs of seeds and present on the surface of
seeds of Gossypium species. These are made up
Punjab MET-2008,2006 cellulose only and may be of two type i.e extractable
Uttarakhand PMT-2007 and non extractable fluffy fuzz. Cotton fibres are mainly
JCECE-2003 used for textiles celluloid, rayon and paper pulp.
Rajasthan PMT-2002 204. When the vascular cambium is present between
J&K CET-2006 the xylem and phloem, then the vascular
Ans. (a) : Suken stomata is a stomata in a small pit bundle is called,
which protects the escaping water vapour from air (a) Closed (b) Exarch
currents decreasing water loss from the leaf. (c) Open (d) Endarch
• Sunken stomata are commonly found in leaves of Karnataka CET-20.05.2023
Nerium this is an adaptation of the leaves to reduce Ans. (c) : In gymnosperms and dicot stems a strip of
excessive transpiration. vascular cambium occurs between phloem and xylem of
• Each stomata remains surrounded by two semilunar each vascular bundles. It is called intrafascicular
guard cells. The guard cells are living and contain cambium. This strip of vascular cambium later produces
chloroplasts they regulate opening and closing of secondary tissues. Such vascular bundles are described
stomata. as open vascular bundle.
201. Vascular bundles, in which phloem is found on 205. Sunken stomata are in the leaves of
both sides of xylem are called (a) Hydrilla (b) Nerium
(a) collateral (b) bicollateral (c) Typha (d) Salvinia
(c) radial (d) amphicribral TS EAMCET-10.05.2023, Shift-II
HP CET-2011
Ans. (b) : Sunken stomata are found in xerophytes.
JCECE-2008 That they plant grow on desert condition Ex:- Nerium
Punjab MET-2007
• Sunken stomata prevent the water loss through
BCECE-2006 respiration.
VMMC-2005 • Hydrilla is hydrophylic plant.
AMU-2004
• Typha is a monocotyledonous flowering plant. It can
J&KET-2011,2003 be used as a source of starch to produce ethanol.
BVP-2003
• Salvinia is a aquatic pteridophytes.
Rajasthan PMT -2001
Ans. (b) : Bicolateral vascular bundle have xylem and 206. Which of the following characters are found in
phloem present on the same radius and phloem is found Hydrilla stem
in both the side of xylem. In vascular bundle plants are (I) Aerenchyma
made up of conducting tissue of the xylem and the (II) Sunken stomata
phloem. In collateral vascular bundle xylem and phloem (III) Palisade tissue
are present on the same radius. The phloem is present (IV) Xylem cavity
on the outer side of xylem. Correct answer is
202. The cells without nuclei are present in : (a) I and II (b) I and IV
(a) vascular cambium (c) III and IV (d) IV only
(b) root hair TS EAMCET 10.05.2023 Shift-I
(c) companion cell Ans. (b) : Aerenchyma isa modified parenchymatous
(d) members of sieve tube tissue containing air chambers between cells. It provide
Punjab MET-2006 buoyancy to aquatic plants like hydrilla.
J&K CET-2006 207. Select the incorrect statements related to
JCECE-2003 anatomical characters from the following
Rajasthan PMT-2002 (I) Endodermis is a part of the stele
Ans. (d) : The cell without nuclei are present in (II) Endodermis with casparian strips are
member of sieve tube elements are important found in the dicot stem
component of phloem. They are devoid of a nucleus at (III) Bulliform cells are found in the upper
maturity. This is normally associated with one or more epidermis of the isobilateral leaf.
nucleated companion cells to which they are connected (IV) Vascular bundles are open in monocot
by plasmodesmata. stems.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 578 YCT
 (a) I, II, IV (b) I, II, III (a) (a–iv–p), (b–ii–r), (c–iii–q), (d–i–s)
(c) II, IV (d) III, IV (b) (a–iii–q), (b–iv–r), (c–i–s), (d–ii–p)
AP EAPCET-22.05.2023, Shift-I (c) (a–i–p), (b–ii–q), (c–iii–r), (d–iv–s)
Ans. (a) : • The endodermis is the innermost layer of (d) (a–ii–r), (b–i–p), (c–iv–s), (d–iii–q)
the cartex and is not a component of stele. AP EAMCET-03.09.2021 Shift-I
• Casperian strips are present in dicot roots. Ans. (b) : Monocot stem → collateral, conjoint, closed,
• Open vascular bundles are present only in endarch cambium.
dicotyledonous plants. Monocot root → radial vascular bundles.
208. Match the arrangement of vascular tissues with Dicot stem → collateral, conjoint, open and endarch.
the type of steles below.
Dicot root → radial vascular bundle.
List-I List-II
A. Stele with medulla I. Protostele 211. Identify the incorrect statements among the
surrounded by xylem following.
and phloem (A) Epidermal cells are parenchymatous and
have small amount of cytoplasm
B. Dissected Medullated II. Siphonostele
Stele with (B) Gymnosperms have vessels in their xylem
overlapping leaf gaps (C) In bicollateral vascular bundle, phloem is
C. Medullated stele with III. Solenostele present on either side of cortex
non overlapping leaf (D) Root endodermal cells have deposition of
gaps water impermeable, suberin as casparain
strips
D. Non-medullated stele IV. Dictyostele
with xylem (a) A, B
surrounded by phloem (b) B, C
(a) a-III, b-IV, c-II, d-I (c) C, D
(b) a-III, b-II, c-I, d-IV (d) A, C
(c) a-II, b-IV, c-I, d-III TS EAMCET-10.08.2021 Shift-I
(d) a-II, b-IV, c-III d-I Ans. (b) : Gymnosperms lack vessel in their xylem.
TS EAMCET-11.05.2023, Shift-II ● In bicollateral vascular bundles, phloem patches
Ans. (d) : remain on both sides of the xylem.
A. Stele with medulla surrounded II. Siphonostele 212. Which one of the following is not a type of
by xylem and phloem protostele ?
(a) Haplostele (b) Actinostele
B. Dissected Medullated Stele IV. Dictyostele
with overlapping leaf gaps (c) Plectostele (d) Atactostele
C. Medullated stele with non III. Solenostele Tripura JEE-2021
overlapping leaf gaps Ans. (d) : Atactostele is not a type of protostele.
D. Non-medullated stele with I. Protostele Atactostele refers to a type of eustele found in
xylem surrounded by phloem monocots, in which the vascular tissue in the stem exists
as scattered bundles.
209. Xylem development is poor in
(a) Xerophytes (b) Halophytes 213. Bicollateral bundles means:
(c) Hydrophytes (d) Mesophytes (a) they have phloem both on outer and inner
AP EAPCET-12.07.2022 Shift-I side of xylem
(b) they have xylem both on outer and inner side
Ans. (c) : Xylem of hydrophytes is poorly developed. of phloem
Vessels in the hydrophytes are completely are (c) both (a) and (b)
completely absent but traches are well developed. (d) none of the above
• In aquatic plants, water can be taken in through the Rajasthan PMT-1997
leaves, stems and roots through osmosis, making the AP EAMCET-05.10.2021 Shift-I
vascular system less needed. Ans. (a) : Bicollateral vascular bundles means they
210. Match the following? have xylem both on outer and inner side of phloem.
Vascular Arrangement Plants This, all of them lie within the same radius. Apart from
phloem, vascular cambium is also present on both sides
bundles
of the xylem.
(a) Open (i) Different (p) Leaves
radial 214. Velamen is found in ________
(b) Closed (ii) Same radial (q) Dicots (a) Roots of screwpine
(c) Radial (iii) Cambium (r) Monocots (b) Aerial and terrestrial roots of orchids
present (c) Leaves of Ficus elastica
(d) Conjoint (iv) Cambium (s) Root (d) Aerial roots of orchids
absent AP EAPCET-07.09.2021 Shift-I
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 579 YCT
Ans. (d) : Epiphyte is an organism that grows on the
surface of the plant but does not derive nutrition or
moisture from them. Majority of orchids are epiphytes.
All epiphytic orchids and Vanda (a genus in the Orchid
family) have a spongy tissue called velamen which is
made up of multiple epidermis that covers the roots.
Their roots are aerial and can perform photosynthesis by
absorbing moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.
Epiphytes are not parasites as epiphyte does not absorb
nutrients from the host plant, unlike parasites.
215. Large, empty colourless cells of the adaxial
epidermis along the veins of grass leaves are
(a) Bulliform cells
(b) Lenticels
(c) Guard cells
(d) Bundle sheath cells
NEET-2020 Phase-II
Ans. (a) : During times of stress, bulliform cells assist
in the rolling of leaves to avoid water through
transpiration.
• Bulli form cells or motor cells are large, bubble
shaped epidermal cell that occur in group on the upper
surface of the leaves of many monocots. These cells are
present on the upper (adaxial) surface of the leaf.
216. Dumb-bell shaped guard cells are found in
(a) Vinca (b) Beetle
(c) Pea (d) Grass
AP EAMCET-24.09.2020 Shift-II
Ans. (d) : Dumb-bell shaped guard cells are found in
Grasses. Grasses are monocotyledons and are classified
as either Gramineae or Poaceae. Cereals including
wheat, rice, corn, barley, millets etc.
217. Which one of the following codons will NOT
pair with anticodon of t-RNA ?
(a) AUU (b) UAG
(c) UUU (d) CUC
MHT CET-06.10.2020 Shift-I
Ans. (b) : UAG UAA UGA stops condons in genetic
code. They are also called non sense or termination
codon as they do not code for any amino acid.
218. Xylem translocate
(a) Water and mineral salts only
(b) Water, mineral salts and some organic
nitrogen only
(c) Water, mineral salts, some organic nitrogen
and hormones
(d) Water only
NEET-2019
Ans. (c) : Xylem is transport water and minerals, it also
translocates organic nitrogen and some hormones in a
plant.
• Xylem parenchyma is irregular shape and main
function storage of food.
• Vessel is a non-living, thick walled and it play vital
role in translate of H2O.
219. Phloem in gymnosperms lacks:
(a) Sieve tubes only
(b) Companion cells only
(c) Both sieve tubes and companion cells
(d) Albuminous cells and sieve cells
NEET-2019
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 580
Ans. (c): The sieve element is a sieve cell in
gymnosperms and other primitive vascular plants, while
the associated cell is referred to as in albuminous cells.
The sieve tube and the associated cells are absent from
the phloem of gymnosperm, instead, they have sieve
cells for the conduction of dietary material.
220. _____is composed of single layer of barrel
shaped parenchymatous cells and forms a
complete ring around the stele.
(a) Endodermis (b) Rhizodermis
(c) Epidermis (d) Epiblema
SRM JEEE-2018
Ans. (a) : Endodermis is composed of single layer of
barrel shaped parenchymatous cells and forms a
complete ring around the stele.
221. In which type of vascular bundles are Xylem
and Phloem present at the same radius?
(a) Radial (b) Closed
(c) Conjoint (d) Exarch
Karnataka CET-2018
Ans. (c) : Vascular bundle with phloem and xylem
present on the same radius is called conjoint. Xylem and
phloem are collectively known as vascular bundles.
Xylem transport water and minerals from the roots to
the entire plant body while phloem has the
responsibility to transport the organic food inside the
body of the plant.
222. The vascular cambium normally gives rise to
(a) Phelloderm (b) Primary phloem
(c) Secondary xylem (d) Periderm
NEET-2017
Ans. (c) : Vascular cambium gives rise to secondary
xylem and secondary phloem during secondary growth.
• Vascular cambium is a layer of meristmatic tissue
which is present between the primary xylem and
primary phloem.
• Phelloderm is formed by cork cambium.
223. Which of the following is made up of dead
cells?
(a) Xylem parenchyma (b) Collenchyma
(c) Phellem (d) Phloem
NEET-2017
Ans. (c) : Phellem or cork is a tissue formed on the
outer side of the cork cambium. It is composed of dead
cells and is impermeable to water due to suberization.
• Xylem parenchyma is the only xylary element
which consists of living cells.
• Collenchyma are living cell having thick deposits of
cellulose in their cell walls.
• Phloem are living components of vascular bundles.
• However in xylary elements, tracheids, vessels and
fibers are non-living components while parenchyma
are living.
• Phloem consists of living components like
companion cells, sieve tube cells and parenchyma
cells but phloem fibers or bast fibers are dead
elements.
YCT
 Ans. (d) : The cambium present between the xylem and
phloem of the vascular bundle is called vascular
fascicular cambium. The vascular cambium is the main
growth tissue in the stems and roots of many plants,
specifically in dicots such buttercups and oak trees,
gymnosperms such as pine trees, as well as in certain
other vascular plants.
228. Opening and closing of stomata is due to the : -
(a) Hormonal change in guard cells
(b) Change in Turgor pressure of guard cells
(c) Gaseous exchange
(d) Respiration
AIPMT-2002
Ans. (b) : Opening and closing of stomata take place
due to turgor pressure that changes in guard cells. As
224. Multiple epidermis on dorsal and ventral side the solute particles enter the guard cells from the
of the leaf is found in epidermal and mesophyll cells, both the osmotic
(a) Zea mays (b) Triticum aestivum potential and the water potential of the guard cells get
(c) Mangifera indica (d) Nerium oleander lowered and potassium ions (K+) enter the guard cells.
This creates a water potential gradient which makes the
CG PMT-2007 water moves towards the guard cell, it creates a
Ans. (d) : In nerium leaf multi layered numerous small hydrostatic pressure in the guard cell and thus becomes
opening called stomata are found in the epidermal layer turgid and swell in size which causes stomata opening.
of the leaves stomata are found in most abundance in With a decline in guard cells solutes, water moves out
the lower epidermis of the dorsiventral leaf they are of the guard cells, making them flaccid, this occurs
sometimes together absent. because potassium ions move back out of the guard cell,
so stomata closed.
225. A vascular bundles without pith is
(a) Protostele (b) Siphonostele 229. Peroxisomes are found in
(a) bundle sheath (b) endosperm
(c) Solenostele (d) None of these
(c) mesophyll cells (d) vascular bundles
BCECE-2008 Manipal-2010
Ans. (a) : A vascular bundle is without pith is called Ans. (c) : Peroxisomes found in all eukaryotic cells. It
protostele, which consists of xylem and surrounded by is small organelles found in the photosynthetic
phloem and pericycle. Protostele is most primitive stele mesophyll cells in plant. They play vital role in the
it consists of a solid core of xylem surrounded by the process of photorespiration. These are also involved in
phloem and the pericycle. Protostele is a type of stele, in metabolism, development, and responses to stresses.
which the vascular tissue in the stem forms a solid core, Peroxisomes are the sole site of fatty acid β- oxidation
with no central pith. in plant cells.
226. A few drops of sap were collected by cutting 230. Idioblasts are specialized, non-green large sized
across a plant stem by a suitable method. The (a) Sclerenchyma cells
sap was tested chemically. Which one of the (b) Parenchyma cells
following test results indicates that it is phloem (c) Colenchyma cells
sap? (d) Aerenchyma cells
(a) Acidic UP CPMT-2013
(b) Alkaline Ans. (b) : Idioblasts are specialized, non-green large
(c) Low refractive index sized parenchyma cells. It is a type of simple permanent
tissue that makes a major part of ground tissues in
(d) The absence of sugar plants, where other tissues such as vascular tissues are
NEET-2016 Phase-II embedded.
Ans. (b) : The phloem sap is alkaline in nature with pH 231. Non-cellular layer that connects inner surface
ranging from 7.3 – 8.5 and contains high levels of K+ of the epithelial tissue to the connective tissue is
and Mg2+. Hence the chemical test for alkalinity will (a) Endodermis
help to identify that the exudated sap is phloem sap, as (b) Cuticle
protons are pumped from companion cells to the (c) Connective tissue
neighbouring cells for the translocation of the sugars. (d) Basement membrane
227. Meristematic tissue in vascular bundle is UP CPMT-2013
(a) phellem Ans. (d) : Epithelial tissue is separated from the
(b) procambium underlying tissue by a non-cellular layer called the
(c) interfascicular cambium basement membrane. The basement membrane is a thin,
(d) fascicular cambium non-cellular tissue with blood vessels present
JIPMER-2008 underneath on which the epithelium sits.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants 581 YCT

232. At maturity the sieve plates become 235. Tracheids differ from other tracheary elements
impregnated with in
(a) Cellulose (b) Pectin (a) having casparian strips
(c) Suberin (d) Lignin (b) being imperforate
(e) Callose (c) lacking nucleus
BCECE-2012 (d) being lignified
Kerala PMT-2009 AIPMT-2014
Ans. (e) : Sieve elements are " semi - alive" at maturity. Ans. (b) : Tracheids and vessels are two type of
They lose their nucleus and other organelles but other Tracheary elements of xylem tissue. The main function
organelles but retain the endoplasmic reticulum, of treachery elements is ascent of sap. Tracheids have
mitochondria and plastids. imperforated cells thus keeps the sap longer in them
233. Periderm is formed by while vessels are highly perforated. Example-
(a) phellem (b) phelloderm 1. Simple
(c) phellogen (d) All of these 2. Scalariform
JCECE-2014, 2010 3. Reticulate
Ans. (d) : The periderm is a protective tissue that is 4. foraminate.
formed during secondary growth in the stems, branches Vessels have various types of perforations. As there is
and roots of most dicotyledons and gymnosperms. no perforations in tracheids the cells are less sufficient
Periderm composed of phellem, phellogen and for transportation while vessels are more sufficient in
phelloderm. carrying the sap.
• Phellem are also called suberized cells which
develop outside of the plant. They protect
plants from the penetration, ingestion by
animals, temperature changes, excessive
evaporation etc.
• Phellogen is also called cork cambium and it is
the meristematic layer that is responsible for
the development of periderm.
• The phelloderm are the parenchyma cells, which
are derived from the phellogen.
234. Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are 236. You are given a fairly old piece of dicot stem
considered closed because: and a dicot root. Which of the following
(a) Cambium is absent anatomical structures will you use to
(b) There are no vessels with perforations distinguish between the two?
(c) Xylem is surrounded all around by phloem (a) Secondary xylem (b) Secondary phloem
(d) A bundle sheath surrounds each bundle (c) Protoxylem (d) Cortical cells
AIPMT-2015 AIPMT-2014
Ans. (a) : Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are Ans. (c) : Protoxylem develops during the primary
considered as closed because cambium is absent in the growth of a plant. In stems the protoxylem lies towards
vascular system and thus they lack secondary growth in the centre (pith) and the metaxylem lies towards the
the thickness. periphery. This type of primary xylem is called
• The xylem and phloem are the two vascular tissues endarch. In root, the protoxylem lies towards periphery
found in plants. Xylem is specialized tissue that and metaxylem lies towards the centre, such
involves in the water transportation and movement of arrangement is called Exarch.
nutrients from root to tip of the leaves of a plant. The
xylem is present in the inner surface and phloem in the
outer surface and cambium is not present in monocot
plants.

237. A common structural feature of vessel elements

and sieve tube elements is-
(a) Thick secondary walls
(b) Pores on lateral wall
(c) Presence of P-protein
(d) Enucleate condition
JCECE-2013
AIPMT-2006
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 582 YCT
Ans. (d) : Vessels are a part of xylem whereas sieve
tube is an element of phloem. The water- conducting
xylem vessel elements are dead but sieve tube elements
are living cells. They lose their nucleus on maturity and
attain the enucleate condition. So, the common
structural feature of vessel elements and sieve tube
elements is enucleate condition.
238. In the sieve elements, which one of the
following is the most likely function of P-
proteins ?
(a) Deposition of callose on sieve plates
(b) Providing energy for active translocation
(c) Autolytic enzymes
(d) Sealing mechanism on wounding
AIIMS-2006
Ans. (d) : Phloem protein is another name for P-protien.
The most important function of P-protein is the
sealing mechanism on wounding. They generally play
a role during an unfavorable condition where they
quickly aggregate at the sieve plate to form a clot
when the sieve element is disrupted. It prevents the flow
of the phloem sap.
239. Which one of the following statements
pertaining to plant structure is correct?
(a) cork lacks stomata, but lenticels carry out
transpiration
(b) passage cells help in transfer of food from
cortex to phloem
(c) sieve tube elements possess cytoplasm but no
nuclei
(d) the shoot apical meristem has a quiescent
centre
AIIMS-2005
Ans. (c) : Sieve tube elements are the relative type of
phloem cells found is angiosperms. Mature sieve tube
elements are deep, tublar and do not contain nucleus in
the cells with no secondary wall and terminal sieve
plate.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 583
240. Companion cells in plants are associated with
(a) Vessels (b) Sperms
(c) Sieve elements (d) Guard cells.
AIIMS-2004
Ans. (c) : Companion cells are present in the phloem
tissue of the flowering plant. This tissue is a special
type of parenchyma cells. These cells are closely
associated with the sieve tubes elements. They are
connected via cytoplasm of companion cells and
plasmodesmata.
241. A narrow layer of thin walled cells found
between phloem/bark and wood of a dicot is
(a) cork cambium (b) vascular cambium
(c) endodermis (d) pericycle.
AIPMT-1993
Ans. (b) : A narrow layer of thin walled cells found
between phloem/bark and wood of a dicot is vascular
cambium. Vascular cambium helps in secondary growth
in dicot root and stem.
242. A bicollateral vascular bundle is characterised
by
(a) phloem being sandwiched between xylem
(b) transverse splitting of vascular bundle
(c) longitudinal splitting of vascular bundle
(d) xylem being sandwiched between phloem.
AIPMT-1992
Ans. (d) : Bicollateral vascular bundle is characterized
by the xylem being sandwiched between phloem. Here
two patches of phloem found on either side of xylem.
These types of bundles occur in cucurbitaceae.
243. Amphivasal or leptocentric vascular bundles
are found in
(a) Maize and wheat
(b) Helianthus and Cucurbita
(c) Dracaena and Yucca
(d) Cycas and Dryopteris
JIPMER-2002
YCT
Ans. (c) : When xylem surrounds the phloem tissue 248. In bicollateral vascular bundle the tissues
from all sides the vascular bundle is called as found from out to inner side will be:
'amphivasal or leptocentric vascular bundle'. Such (a) outer phloem, outer cambium, xylem, inner
vascular bundles are seen in monocot plant, cambium and inner phloem
like Dracaena and Yucca. Bicollateral vascular bundles (b) outer phloem, inner phloem, outer cambium,
are seen in Helianthus and Cucurbita. inner cambium, xylem
Maize and wheat-collateral closed vascular bundles. (c) all of above
Cycas and Dryopteris - Amphicribal vascular bundles. (d) none of the above
244. A component of xylem is Rajasthan PMT-1997
(a) sieve tube (b) medullary ray Ans. (a) : Bicollateral vascular bundles have xylem and
(c) sclereid (d) tracheid phloem present on the same radius and phloem is found
CG PMT-2005 on both the sides of xylem. Apart from phloem,
Ans. (d) : Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, vascular cambium is also present on both the sides of
parenchyma, and fibers. Vessels consist of vessels the xylem.
elements joined together in files by large perforation 249. Casparian strip is found in:
plates, large gaps in the end walls between successive (a) vascular bundle
vessel elements, while tracheids have tapering ends that (b) between stem and root
overlap with adjacent cells, and lack perforation plates. (c) radial and inner wall of endodermis
245. Plasmodesmata is usually observed between (d) none of the above
(a) Sieve tubes and Bast fibre AMU-2011
(b) Trachea and Phloem fibres Rajasthan PMT-1997
(c) Xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres Ans. (c) : Casparian strips are the ring-like cell wall
(d) Sieve tubes and companion cells modifications found in the root of the endodermis of
Karnataka CET-2013 vascular plants. It acts as a barrier to harmful chemicals
Ans. (d) : Phloem is a complex tissue that helps in the like herbicides.
conduction of food from the leaves to other parts of the • It is found in the radial and inner wall of endodermis.
plant. Sieve tubes and companion cells are integral Endoderm forms the central and innermost layer of
components of phloem. Sieve tubes have no cell nucleus, cortex in terrestrial plants.
ribosomes, or vacuoles. Thus, they depend on companion 250. The term leptome is used for
cells. So, plasmadesmata connection is usually observed (a) xylem (b) phloem
between Sieve tubes and companion cells and it help is the (c) endodermis (d) pericycle
translocation of food. Rajasthan PMT-2003
246. Cotton is : Ans. (b) : Term Leptome is used for phloem by
(a) epidermal tissue system Haberlandt. It has function similar to phloem is higher
(b) vascular tissue system plants i.e. conduction of food material.
(c) meristematic tissue system 251. Mature sieve tube lacks :
(d) ground tissue - system (a) nucleus
DUMET-2002 (b) nucleus and chloroplast
Punjab MET-2011 (c) nucleolus and ER
Ans. (a) : Cotton is obtained from the epidermal tissue (d) all of the above
system. This system forms the outermost layer or Rajasthan PMT-2001
surface of the entire plant body. The cotton is soft,
fluffy, unicellular epidermal lint hair or fibers that grow Ans. (a) : Sieve tubes are thin, walled living cells made
out around the seed of the cotton plant. The cotton up of sieve tube elements. Its cytoplasm lacks nucleus.
fibers are made up of cellulose. • Sieve tube element develops from a common initial
cell along with companion cell (with nucleus).
247. Damaged sieve tubes are sealed by deposition
of: 252. Angiospermic companion cell is associated with
(a) pectin (b) callus :
(a) sieve tube
(c) suberin (d) lignin
(b) vessels
DUMET-2004
(c) tracheids
Ans. (b) : Damaged sieve tubes are sealed by deposition
of callus. Lignin is an organic compound of high carbon (d) gymnospermic tracheids
content. The impregnation with lignin usually starts in Rajasthan PMT-2001
the intercellular lamella and then spreads centripetally Ans. (a) : Companion cells are characteristic
through the primary and secondary walls e.g., xylem components of phloem tissue, which are closely
cells. Pectic substances (protopectin, pectin, pectic acid) associated with the sieve tubes (sieve elements) in the
constitute the intercellular substance that binds together angiosperms. Both are linked ontogenically, as they
the wall of individual cells. Suberin occurs in originate from the same mother cell. The sieve tubes
association with cellulose in cork cells of periderm, and companion cells maintain close cytoplasmic
endodermis and exodermis of many plants. connections via plasmodesmata.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants 584 YCT

253. Removal of ring wood of tissue outside the
vascular cambium from the tree trunk kills it
because
(a) water cannot move up
(b) food does not travel down and roots become
starved
(c) shoot become starved
(d) annual ring are not produced
BVP-2008
UPCPMT-2002
Ans. (b) : If a ring of tissue outside vascular cambium
is cut then secondary phloem is removed sugars cannot
travel from aerial photosynthesizing parts of plants to
roots which are non photosynthetic. Consequently roots
are killed and the plants dies.
254. Pith is absent in
(a) Protostele (b) Eustele
(c) Amphiphloic stele (d) Ectophloic stele
WB JEE-2008
Ans. (a) : Protostele is a type of stele in which the
vascular tissue in the stem forms a solid core, with no
central pith.
• The stele without pith is protostele, which consists of
a solid core of xylem surrounded by the phloem and
pericycle. The protostele is most primitive stele.
255. One of the characteristic of sieve tube is
(a) It is a part of phloem
(b) Function is transport of inorganic solutes
(c) It is dead cell
(d) Sieve plate is not present
WB JEE-2008
Ans. (a) : Phloem is composed of sieve tubes, phloem
parenchyma, phloem fibres and sclereids.
It is a food conducting tissue. Sieve tubes are tubular
cells with perforated cells. They are living but do not
have a nucleus.
256. In the following pairs, where do you get lignin
in both the element?
(a) Tracheid and collenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma and sieve tube
(c) Sclerenchyma and trachea
(d) Parenchyma and endodermis
WB JEE-2008
Ans. (c) : The walls of sclerenchyma and the walls of
xylem cells are lignified. This allows the xylem to
withstand pressure changes as water moves through the
plant. Sclerenchyma provides mechanical strength to
plants. On maturation the cell walls become strong,
rigid and impermeable to water due to the thick
deposition of lignin.
257. A distinguishing feature of latex cells is that
they are
(a) single-celled elements with anastomosing
(fusing) branches
(b) single-celled elements with non anastomosing
branches
(c) multi-celled elements with anastomosing
branches
(d) multi-celled elements with non anastomosing
branches
AMU-2014
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 585
Ans. (b) : Latex cells also called as non-articulate latex
ducts means they do not make joint.
Latex cells are single or independent units with non-
anastomosing branches. They originate as minute
structures and then, with the growth of the plant,
elongate and branch, ramifying in all directions through
the tissues of the plant, but without fusing together it
forms a network as in calotropis stem. Nerium odorum,
Thevitia nerifatolia.
258. Amphivasal vascular bundles are found in the
stem of:
(a) Beta (b) Cucurbita
(c) Dracaena (d) Boerhaavia
AP EAMCET-1998
JIPMER-1998
Ans. (c) : Amphivasal vascular bundles are found in the
stem of Dracaena. A vascular bundle in which xylem
encircles the central strand of phloem is known as
amphivasal bundle, also called leptocentric bundle. Ex.
Dracaena and Yucca.
259. Which of the following have living cytoplasm?
(a) Vessels (b) Tracheids
(c) Sclerenchyma (d) Companion cells
VMMC-2011
Ans. (d) : The companion cells are thin walled
elongated specialised parenchymatous cells which are
closely associated with sieve tube elements through
compound plasmodesmata.
260. Stomata are also called as:
(a) stomates (b) lenticels
(c) hydathods (d) bark
Rajasthan PMT-2004
Ans. (a) : Stomata are structure present in the epidermis
of leaves, each stomata regulate the process of
transpiration and gaseous exchange.
• Stomata are usually found in plant leaves but they can
also be found in some stems.
261. Epidermis and epiblema develops from:
(a) phellogen (b) periderm
(c) protoderm (d) calyptrogen
BHU PMT-2002
Ans. (c) : Epidermis and epiblema develops from
protoderm cells are long give rise 1° vascular bundle 1°
xylem, 1° phloem Intra fascicular cambium.
• Periderm the cork cells are phellom cork cells are
phallogen secondary cortex or phelloderm jointly called
the periderm.
262. Endodermis is a part of:
(a) pericycle (b) cortex
(c) epidermis (d) none of these
Rajasthan PMT-1996
Ans. (b) : Endodermis is a part of cortex the ground
tissue found beneath the epidermis which surrounds the
central cylinder and is delimited from the cylinder by
the endodermis is called the cortex.
Pericycle → Pericycle absent in monocot stem and
outer most layer of the stele found below the epidermis.
YCT
263. The cotton thread fibres are Ans. (d) : Endodermis:- This is uniseriate layer of cells
(a) fibres taken out from stem delimiting the cortex from stole. It consists of barrel
(b) epidermal hairs of seed shaped cells arranged quite close to each other having
(c) epidermal hairs of fruits no inter cellular spaces amoung them. The cells are
(d) fibres taken out from roots endodermis and elongated and arranged parallel to the
UP CPMT-2010 long axis of the vascular tissue.
Ans. (b) : : Fibre elongated end wall tapering lignified Function of endodermis:- There is great controversy
lumen empty. about the function of the endodermis storage of starch
• Cotton thread fibres obtained from Gossypium grain.
arboreum and G. herbaceum found in seed surface. Cortex generally is present in dicot stem, ground stem,
• Cotton fibers are natural hollow fibers: They are soft, and monocot stem. Cortex in the root, Extends from
Cool, Known of breathable fibers and absorbent. hypodermis to the endodermis, multilayered thin walled
264. Which of the following is a calcium carbonate? parenchymatous living cells.
(a) Raffides (b) Druces 268. Select the correct match from the table.
(c) Cystolith (d) All of these List I List II
AFMC-2000
1. Epidermis A. Outermost layer
UP CPMT-2010 of
BHU PMT (Screening) 2007 parenchyma
Ans. (c) : Calcium corbonate is found in cystolith. The covered by a
crystals of CaCO3 called the cystolith and cells called thin cuticle
lithocyte the crystals of calcium oxalate in the form of
needles called Raphides and in the form star and druses. 2. Hypodermis B. Immediately
below the
265. Two cross-sections of stem and root appear
simple, when viewed by naked eye. But under vascular
microscope the can be differentiated by bundles
(a) exarch condition of root and stem 3. Ground C. Parenchymatous
(b) endarch condition of stem and root tissue cells enclosed by the
(c) endarch condition of root and exarch hypodermal layer
condition of stem 4. Vascular D. Scattered in the
(d) endarch condition of stem and exarch bundles hypodermis
condition of root (a) 1,2 and 3 are correct
AMU-2005 (b) 1 and 2 are correct
Manipal-2004 (c) 2 and 4 are correct
Ans. (d) : In endarch condition when Protoxylem lies (d) 1 and 3 are correct
towards the centre and metaxylem towards the
pheriphery the condition of xylem is called endarch as BHU PMT (Mains)-2011
stem. Ans. (d) : Epidermis:- The epidermis usually consists
• Exarch→ When protoxylem lies towards pheriphery of single layer of cells which cover outer surface of the
and metaxylem towards the centre condition is called plant body.
exarch as root. Hypodermis-: Found below the epidermis few layered
266. Protoxylem lacunae occur in in herbaceous dicot stem consist of collenchyma.
(a) cladodes Ground tissue:- The ground tissue derived from the
(b) underground stems ground meristem are plerome and periblem of
(c) vascular bundles of grass stem embryonal layers.
(d) climbers Vascular bundle:- Part of the transport system is
BHU PMT (Mains)-2009 vascular plants.
Ans. (c) : Protoxylem lacuanae occur in vascular 269. For a successful graft, the adhesion between the
bundles of grass stem. In the protoxylem of monocot scion and stock is essential. In your view which
vascular bundles some of the protoxylem cells of the following is the earliest event towards a
disintegrate and form in to a lysogenous cavity called good graft?
protoxylem lacunae. It stores water so it is also called (a) Production of plasmodesmata in the cells at
water cavity. the interface of scion and stock
267. Periblem forms : (1) endodermis (2) epidermis (b) Co-ordinated differentiation of vascular tissue
(3) cortex (4) cuticle between the stock and scion
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (c) Regeneration of cortex and epidermis over
(b) 1 and 2 are correct the union of stock and scion
(c) 2 and 4 are correct (d) Production of callus tissue between the cells
(d) 1 and 3 are correct of scion and stock
BHU PMT (Mains)-2005 JIPMER-1998
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 586 YCT
Ans. (b) : For a successful grafting the adhesion
between the scion and stock is essential.Stock is a
rooted stem in to which a scion orbed is grafted and the
portion of the mixture provides the root.
Scion is living plant component that is detached and
grafted to the stalk during the grafting process.
270. A common feature shared by guard cells and
mesophyll cells is:
(a) presence of chloroplasts
(b) dumb – bell shaped structure
(c) differentially thick cell wall
(d) uniformly thin cell wall
Karnataka CET-2002
Ans. (a) : The chloroplast present in both, guard cells
and mesophyll cells. When environmental conditions
change, guard cells can rapidly change shape so that the
pores open or close to control leaf gas exchange and
water transpiration.
Mesophyll cells are parenchyma cells between the
upper and lower epidermis specialized for
photosynthesis.
271. Which of the following does not have stomata?
(a) Hydrophytes
(b) Mesophytes
(c) Xerophytes
(d) Submerged hydrophytes
AFMC-2002
Ans. (d) : Submerged plants (e.g. Hydrilla, vallisneria,
potamogeton do not have stomata, and they are
dependent on epidermal cells to absorb all nutrients and
gases that dissolved in water. In hydrophytes exchange
of gases takes place directly by the plant body cells.
• Such plants do not need stoma for this purpose. Hence
underwater plants do not have stomata.
272. Which combination of tissues acts together to
provide the support to the hypocotyl of a
seedling?
(a) Epidermis and collenchyma
(b) Xylem and parenchyma
(c) Epidermis and parenchyma
(d) Xylem and phloem fibres
HP CET-2011
Ans. (a) : The hypocotyl refers to the Germinating
seeding stem which is normally found underneath the
seed leaves but above the roots. The hypocotyl grows in
response to light stimulation and gradually develops
into the stem. Mechanical strength to hypocotyls of
seeding is provided by epidermis and collenchymas
tissues.
273. The sclerenchyma of the hypodermis in the
Pinus needle helps in:
(a) increasing the absorptive surface of the cell
(b) checking transpiration
(c) mechanical support
(d) photosynthesis
HP CET-2011
Anatomy of Flowering Plants 587
Ans. (c) : Sclerenchyma provides mechanical support in
the pinus needle as it has thick walls. Sclerenchyma
may be fibres or sclereoid. The epidermis is covered on
the outside by a thick cuticle, which helps in checking
transpiration. The parenchymatous mesophyll consists
of thin walled cell which contain numerous chloroplasts
and thus photosynthetic in function.
274. The epidermal hairs present on the stem of the
plant is called
(a) trichomes (b) root hairs
(c) stomata (d) guard cells
J&K CET-2014
Ans. (a) : The epidermal hairs present on the stem of
the plant is called trichomes. The roots hairs are
unicellular, elongated of the epidermal cells and helps
to absorb water and minerals from the soil on the stem.
275. Lenticels are involved in
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Food transport
(c) Conduction of water
(d) Transpiration
(e) Gaseous exchange
Kerala PMT-2015
Ans. (e) : Its function as a pore providing a pathway for
the direct exchange of gases. Lenticles are involved in
gaseous exchange lenticles is porus tissue consisting of
cells with large intercellular space in the periderm of the
secondary thickened organs and bark of woody stem of
flowering plants.
276. Vascular tissues in flowering plants develop
from
(a) phellogen (b) plerome
(c) periblem (d) dermatogens
BHU PMT (Screening)-2010
AIPMT-2008
Ans. (b) : Plerome:- Lies in the centre, it give rise stele
including pericycle pith or medulla pith rays or
medullary rays and vascular bundle. The part of the
plerome from which vascular tissues are fashioned is
known as procambium.
277. In respect of many grasses, the presence of
motor cells in the upper epidermis of leaves is
to
(a) increase the surface area of the leaf
(b) store large amounts of water
(c) check transpiration by reducing the surface
area of the leaf
(d) bear unicellular trichomes
AMU-2011
Ans. (c) : Bulliform cells or motor cells are large
bubble shaped epidermal cells that occur in groups on
the upper surface of the leaves of many grasses.
• The upper epidermis typically has only about half the
density of stomata that occur on the lower epidermis, so
while transpiration does occur across the upper
epidermis, not as much occurs as across the lower.
278. Piliferous layer in the root is
(a) epidermis (b) pericycle
(c) cortex (d) endoderics
AMU-2011
YCT