in

Anatomy
flowering plants
Tissue Meristematic Theories

Permanent

Tissue System

Internal structure
of
Root Monocot

Item

leaf
If Dicot

Secondary Growth Dicot Stem

I Root
Anamolous Secondary Growth

Katherine Esan Plant Anatomy 1954

anatomyof Led plant

The 1960 Websters
of
plant Biology Anatomy

N Grew father of plant Anatomy

KA Chaudhary s a Indian plant Anatomy

Study of Internal structure and Organization

of theplant its associated
organs
Proto
Atom Molecules
Simpler Complex Organic cell Coccuwates

Coupons compond I
Prokaryotic Cell
Chemical endution
t
Biological Eukaryotic cell
evolution
 end
Tissue Groupof
Similar
Coined
N Grew Cells
Coelenterates

Guy of similar Cells Amon Md

Bryophytes

Usually performa commonfaction gynno agrosperm

Disimilarin Shape Size

Karl Nagele

Meristematic Tissue Permanent tissue

Undifferentiated tissue Fully differentiated tissue

Composed
of
Immature Cells
Fully matured cells
Power
of Division Abilitytoreinide Temporarily Permanently lostthe
abilityto divide I
Differentiation
De differentiation
Redifferentiate
Tissue
Systematic
Meristems Maisy todivide
divisible ability
Gk Undifferentiated Tissues

Highlylocalised Restricted
to aparticulars

ofGoya
Plasmodesmater Middle lamellae CaltagPectate Cell Division
No THE Primary wallMfaxible

youngembrane Tigger

y Cytoplasm Deme
N N i Metabolism it

I Vacuoles
4
usuallyabsent

1 Ifpresent SizeSmall
 11 3
Substances
No Ergastic Plastid absent
batheformofproplastic
Non living substances Big Prominent
Nuclei Metabolism 99

Classification Origin Menelopment

Pmo Minister Primary Meristem Secondary Meristem

Embryonic Meristem Apical Vascular Cambium Root

Intercalary Conk Cambium

Intrafascicular Cambium Interfascicular lamb Stern

CorkCaubim

rime system
Ijygyigitat

7S D Sten
Pro Primary Meristem Secondary Meristem
Meristem
Meristematic Initials Menelop from Develop from primary
promeristem
formed during the Meristem
appear during early
embryonic stage part oflife ofaplant ActingGinniseto
form Primary formation
of primary plant Secondary Growth

Meristem
Body
Cells Active state
ofdivision
Give wiseto Secondary
Meristem
 Mery

Embryonic Meristem

cell Division
Primary Meristem ti 9 Apical lateral
Intrafascicular
Differentiation

Primary Permanent Tissue

dedifferentiation Corklambin
fInterfascicules
Secondary Meristem Y Vascular
Cambium
Redifferentiation
Secondary permanent tissue

Based upon position

Apical Meristem Intercalary Meristem lateral menisten

Root
apex Rootapical at the base internode althe Secondary
eg of
th
Meristem
Meristem in lateral
hoot apex shootapical Grass Bamboo Meristem
ly
Meristem Sugarcane
at the baseof Mode

ly Mint
at thebase
of leaf of
Monocots

present onthelateral
examples of primary example of primary meristem
it occurs in b w the
Meristem Side
oftheplant
matured tissues Increasing the
mum my y
 long of acreasing
the plant Primary Increasing the lengthof Circumference
ofthe
Growth theplant Intermodal
plant I Girth
Growth
Secondary Growth

Primary Growth present in btwthe

Occurs in Grasses matured regions
Regeneration of plantparts
oftheplant
removing by Eg warfarin

It
7s of
Dicot
Sten

Kim

Secondary Con A

Stew Shootapical Meristem Auxin

Intercalary
 lateral Meristem

Root Root apical Meristem Auxin It

Haberlandt Minded Eumenisten Primary Meristem

L
Onthe basisof function

Protoderm Procambium GrandMeristem

t
Epidermal tissue System Vascular TS Grand f s

Epidermis Epiblemen Vascular Bundle Hypodermis

Stomata X P General Cortex

Trichome Endodermis

Root hair Pericycle

PithyMedulla
PithRay Medullary

Rays
Outermost layer Innermost Epidermis to
from

Usually tingle layered Multicelled Elongated Centre

Cells Thin thick

walled
Multilayered
bucture
 Apical Meristem absent most ofthe
Algglfingi
Divides
Enemy
yell
Diffused Growthpattern

Brown Algae Face Sangassune Dietyota

Bryophytes

lower Pteridophytes lycopodium

Selaginella

One
apical Meristem
1 Sigle an
apical Growth
Higher Pteridophytes
Apical Minister s Many Cells
Gymnosperm

Angiosperm

Theories
Regarding apical meristem
I Histogen Theory Most valid Root
apex organisation
2 Tunica Corpus Theory Most valid Shoot
3 Gtohistological Theory Vegetative apex Reproductive organ

I Hansteen Root
Histogen Theory apex organisation
apical meristem
Three Histagen Meristematic Regions

Peniblem Plename
Dermatogen
Outermost histogenlayer Justbelow Dermatogen Innermost histogen

Single layered Cortex hypodermis Endodermis stele

form Epidermis Pericycle
VascularBundle
 Pitt Medulla
Pith
Rays Medullary
Rays

Dermatogen Epidermis Epiblene

Hypodermis
Root Cortex
apex Periblem Endodermis
aqui Stele Pitt Medulla

f
Pericycle d d
Plerome
PithRay Medullary
vB
Rays

Monocot Root Additional Histogen Calyptuegen

I
hformation
ofRootCap
Bermatogens blame
Epi
Periblew
I Merome
Rootcap
Dicot Dermatogen Epiblema
Periblew
Plerome

Periblen
Imematogen
 ermalog

YUI calyptugen
Quiescent Centre Groupof InactiveCells

Serves as reserve
for flat in Hw Bermatogen
replenishment of Calyptrogen
ManagedCells of
the meristems Discovered Clowes
by
in MaizeRoot

Tunic Corpus Theory Schmidt Most valid for Shoot apex

Organization

Atthe apex Two homes

Tunica Corpus

Outermost Mass the cell

of
peripherallayer present belowthetunica

E TS Epidermal Divide in allpossible

Tissue system direction

X
GTS V TS
I
and.es vascular.es

3 Cytohistological Location Theory Poster

dammit flank concept

fastfateof

J
Vegetativeapex rate

flow
 eg ay 7
11 Reproductive
apex If
Division

v
yang division

u
4
plummit

Ff
mighty Reproductive

ape
FlatBroad
Plastochorn Internal Hw two Successive
beefprimordia

time define

É
PermanentTissue

Cells lostpower Division

Composed
of of
Temporarily

Permanently

formed fromthe division differentiation of

Meristematic Cells

Simple 9.1 Complex PT Specialtissue

Tissue
Secretory
 my
1 Parenchyma 1 Xylem Trachieds
2 Collenchyma Vessels read
3 Sclerenchyma fibres
Parenchyma
living
2 Phloem LieveTube In Bringing Machated

bon Menelopment enchanted

Companion cell lining
fibre Benet

Parenchyma lining

Parenchyma One
typeof Cells
Common
function

Very primitive type of tissue

1st Endued tissues

fundamental Tissues give riseto restof thetissue

Meristomatic P C fat
tissues
lining
1st differentiated tissues

Universal Tissue

Cell wall Their Soft Primary wall 10wall

pectocellulose Pectin Cellulose

Cellwall 19 Primary cell

P.M
Prominent
Nucleus a lange vacuole
s
a cytoplasm Tense
I
Metabolically Active
 cally

No Intercellular Space
If present very Small
I
lysogenous Cavity in Origin
Igneous
Tiele splitting of cellwall

splitting.MX

47
location Cortex

Pericycle

Medullary Ray
Pith
leaf Mesophyll

Function Photosynthesis food Stored

Stone waste material Idioblastcells

Tannins Crystal

Buoyancy Floating

Modification of parenchyma

Prosenchyman Acrenchyma Chlorenchyma Mucilage

Parenchyma
 renchy
egg PericycleofRoot cortex of aquatic Merophyacells of Kearleatplants
fibres like plant Alema
leaf
cactus opuntia

Supporttheplant floating Photosynthesis storage water

Buoyancy of
Roud Cells
of chloroplast14 largevacuoles
thick walled cells No
ends large Air storewater
longpointed
Chambers Secretions

X parenchyma Phloem
Parenchyma
Small offered thickened Cells Thin walled Cells

Elongated cells
Storage
offood
lateral conduction water Storageoffood
of
lateral conduction
offood
energy Gauration

I Collenchyma living
mechanical tissue No lignin
More or less elongated Cells

localized deposition Pectin Mainly Cellulose

Hemicellulose
No Intercellular Space

localized deposition of
00
0 o
Pectin

µ f 0.00
o
od
vacuole
cytoplasm periphery
Parenchyma Collenchyma
Nucleus
LSmall
 I Angular Thickening is present at anangle to Cw

eg Stem Tomato
of
story
of
Eiga
Tagetes

Plate like occur at tangential wall

I tamallete
thickening thickening
eg Stem
of sunflower
lacunate thickening present on the wall bordunding
thickening
intercellular Spaces

y
Cucurbita stem
1j f
Occurrence

Stem Dicot
of Yong
Hypodermis

the tearing leaves

hey Mangin prevents
of thibisength
Pecto Cellulose
pedicel
offlower
petiole
ofleaf
absent in woodyplants aftersecondaryGrowth

Function Mechanical
support
Tensile strength
against leaning swaying
Photosynthesis limited

Sclerenchyma's Mead Mechanical Tissue

Main mechanical Tissue

Cells long
1111
Marrow
thickwalled tie
dignified 1,1
 by f
withoutprotoplast I
present hypodermis Monocot stem
function Mechanical support

Seleucids fibres

Guana pear stonecells Coconutfibre

eg Sapota pulp
Miso
fruit wallof Mat comp

Seed coat legume Morro Sclereids Colton

of
leafof Tel

Small
Extremely thick walled

No pointed structure
Isodiametric polyhedral spherical Oral
Cylindrical

Branched

Fianna
StoneCells Brachy Seleucids
firm
Rodlike
Pean Monoaclurids
ez Pulpof Guava Sapota

herdcoat
eg of legume

Him LE

Astro Seleucids
 t

Oster Seleucids

Ey Sub epidermal Covering Yea

leaf
of
Petiole lotus
of

filiform Branched Mea

Sderenchymatons fibres

Elongated cells

flignifiedCellwall Marrow
MarrowLumen Spindle shaped

If longest all in the

t Bordered
I j
plant Body

I
Basis position

Surfacefibres Xylanyfibres Bastfibre

wood
fibres Extrexylany
Phloem
latheryanyfibres fibres
Cotton
fibres Kahuna Munt Tate cochora
cg
loci
of coconut hurhemp Gaia
Secondaryphloem
Commercial
Cotton Outgrowth of Hard fibres fibres
Col outgrowth of tha fires al f
heed Surface Non flexible flexible
I
Tested from Secondary Xylem wellknitted
Coconut Meso Great economical
cmp
Cair valve
Time fibres a dignified

longest fibre phloem Ramie plant Boehmeria nine

of

Complex Permanent Tissue

I Xylem watere Dissolved Momthen cells

Minerals
gape of
work together as a singleUnit
2 Phloem Conduction
offood Heterogenous
Absent Gametophyte

Vasculanisation and differentiation

of
cambium
pro
Vascular Tissues Tissues
Conducting

Xylem Magdi What water Dissolved mineral

I
wood
I Provide Mechanical
Gk Xylem strength

310 pension

Mead loss protoplasm Conducting bar

Cy
innit3 of

affinjin
iii
Meathylem More
efficient conduction

Xerophytic Xylem move penteeped

Hydrophytes X less developed

Xylem Tracheids
Bend without protoplasm
L
Vessels

Xfibres
X parenchyma lining

1 Tracheids primitive Conducting hand

of Xylem
Elongated

ill
dignified lignification
namepits ant attend'd
ofthetracheids
o Narrowlumen Is Maximum Gymnosperm
Plant

I Tapering
ends

onthe Basis of lignification

1 Annular
Wh
tracheid

allow Considerable
stretching

Muthu
Tintin istorend tracheid
Considerable
2 Spiral stretching

g
3 Reticulate Ra

he Scalariform ladder like Structure

n a n Cycas Gymnosperm

Pitted Most Advanced

type
Unthickened any Pits Rome Oval Angular
y
Wh m ha
present exactly at the
YMky
Same level

Bordered
Simple pit pit
uniform width form flask
of
pitt comfy Narrow aperturewith
Broad base

in
Membrane

pot
T.at
yet
 I
am
a
Narrow with
Bzyd

Protoxylem Annular Spiral

Metaxylem Reticulate Pitted

2 Vends Conduction
ofwater hap
Mechanical Strength
Much elongated Eucalyptus 3tobuts

Closed at the end

formerbythe fusion
of
smmatiftii
m.gg
Members

Endwalls Completely Dissolved Maximum cases

eqplate Multiple pores at end

plate simple
Multiple
perforation
Vessel
perforation plate
element plate

Complete
Dissolution widelumen
of
endwall Most common
ofVessel
Partial Dissolution
A
N

U Multiple perforations g Magnolia

B
 most the
of Angiosperms

few Gymnosperm Gutales Ephedra Gymnosperm

Messed

absent in Abnormal
few Angiosperm Dracaena Secondary
Growth

Yucca

Degener

Diy
Vesselless
angiosperm family winteraceae
Tetracinteraceae

Trochodendracial

Vessels
Tracheids
Tracheary element ofXylem

E X parenchyma Small thin Thick walled parenchymatous cells

he
Cometime

profit Tracheids
simple
pit
t
vessels
food tannins
Stone

lateral conduction water Lap RayParenchyma

of
Modified Xparen

Cell wall cellulosic

lateral Xparenchyma
4 X fibres woodfibres Sderunchymatous fiba associated with xylem

Mechanicalart
pea
Primary Majority
septate

thick walked cells

Majority Secondary Xylem Wood Hard

absent Gymnosperm Loftwoods

Phloem
Magdi Bast
T
Gk phloise lanes Bank Yen
portof Organicfood Photosynthesis

I
1 SieveTube honk together I droned together

Companion can
3 P parenchyma
4 P fibres

1 Sieve Tube tiene cells living cells

I
Angiosperm Gymnosperm Thin walked

tienelube element

At maturity lack Nucleus enuchation

I protoplasm peripheral
tieneTube Element

If I enndration Enchanted cells

2 Size vacuolar
of
H
 Protoplasm
1
Peripheral

Young stage At Maturity

End
plates
so Penformation
I timeplate

Bi directionalphenomenon

calloseping

Growth of

E Pone

I
I pad

pore qq.gl Intron

muttony Bacterial

polymer 13 1,3 Glucan

2 Companion Cell thin walled

Parenchymatons
g
Gymnosperm

Albuminous Specialized cells

cells
associated with him Tube element
StrasburgerCells
Plasmodesmater
compander pitfields
Companion Cells

tiene Madam maintain

I
o
Tube Pusinne Gradient

guy
 7

gwyn

of one will leadto

death
Death
of another cell

2 Pparenchyma lining
Elongated Cylindrical cells
Thin walled

wall cellulose

pits are present

Tannins latex
faction Storage
of food
mucilage

Radial
of food
Conduction
Ray Parenchyma

4 Phloem
fibres Bast fibres Idenchymatous fibres

MMMM
Notpresent in primary phloem
Fin Secondary phloem II

mom
pm gyp
Atmaturity loose protoplasm Mead

flax Textilefibres
hemp
Into
 Madrone By Haberlandt leptome
t food
water conducting Element conducting element
to
Tracheids Vessels timelabel Companioncells

RayparenchymatousCells

Basis
La Metaxylem
laterOn
1stformed Secondary Growth

Menelopment Forand even beforeplant Differentiated whenthe

Organs
has completed plant organ has completed
theirgrowth itsgrowth
prominence less More

Elements Shatter Narrower larger Broader

wall thickening annular Spiral ReticulatifScalariform
Pitted

lignifications Before
whtion't at the completionof
reposition
oflignin elongation
of plant elongation ofplant
Stretched V X
fibres Rare Common
very

dueto growthfrom
comity

VB
Éi of Picot Stem
Methylene

g
Protoxylem
 11

Basis with metaxylem

position
of protoxylem

1 Exarch 2 Endarch 3 Mesarch

Protoxylem Outside Metaxylem Periphery Metaxylem

I 1 Protoxylem

metaxylem Inflight protoxylem pin Metaxylem

centrifugal
Centripetal

Protophtoem
Ys Metaphloem

I formed 1st formedlateron

I whemplantisgrowing formedwhenplanthas

attainedhight

3 Prominence Less More

4 Sievepores less
prominent moreprominent

5 Companion Cell often

absent present

b life span shortlived

longlined
Gets Crushed Monotget Crushed
 Tissue System

Group ofTissues
Derived from a portion of Meristem

perform a similar function

VonCech did Basis position
Mini Structure

Epidermal 7S Grand 7S Vascular 7S

1 Epidermis largest TS
Roothair Hypodermis VascularBundle

hmm nd

Y
Stem I
Stomata Endodermis Mayormaynotbe
Pericycle present

Medullary Rayp hat opetecondanee

Pitt but Closed

leaf Mesophyll Cells

Parenchymal

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Trichome water loss

Reducing

In Maybe unicelludt

RootHair
jane
vicuna
6 absorption thot MistolndMinerals
Iftar I
 I
Stomata Exchange
of Gases

Transpiration Transpiration pull

I cooling Temp of plant

Cuticle Thick
waxylayer
prevent Traspiration

Xerophytes

Vascular Bundle

Radial VB Conjoint V13 Concentric

It Closed
VE
p x p OO o coyoint
collateral
Conjoint
Bicollatinal
x o o
P x I
090 xp onsame
Amphicuiball Amphivasal

Hadnocentric lytocentric
HIP Gat differentRadii
Alternate Manner Conjoint
gladMM
Collateral Collateral X P x
opens
Closed P
X Exarch P periphery
M Pitt centre

ofDew
Centripetal type
É I g fern
Rhizome
Stem

Byatt
of

eg Most ofthe root undignond

Monocotstem stem
Monocot Dicot
not Dicot
X Centrifugal
Fm Gymnosperm Gymnosperm Angiosperenic X Endarch

Exception leaf centripetal

Mesarch
Radish Congoint Bicollatinaltopen
 anger of
carrot

turnip Yost
anoints
Sugarbeat Collateral
Ifiticans Xylem

Jimjams

Stems Cucurbita
of
Some
plant of Apocynaceae

Solanaceae

X Endarch
Centrifugal

Type Dev
of of primary Xylem

Centrifugal Centripetal Centripetal

Stem Root Centrifugal
g of Angiosperm

Gymnosperm form Rhizome

Meter Periphery Meth Pitt

Ito
pi I
Proto
Exarch
Intiffesarch
periphery metaxylem

Stele All tissues which are present inside endodermis

I
startedin Pteridophytes

Epidermis Hypodermis
 11 ly
Extrastellar Tissue Cortex

Endodermis
c
tholeofthe central Mass
Syisses Vascular Bundle XP

Internal Structure Root Rico

of of Monocot
Ate

leaf

Basis Picot Stern Ms Monocot Stem

of Comparision E
Trichome
A H

ExtraStellar
General
É I
Hi Eye Of A
Cortex
0 0
O
Endodermis
Pericycle
É o

Stellar P
X
Vascular
Cambium GrandTissue
Bundles

Basis Dicot Monocot

1 Epidermis Hut Hut
Outermost
layer
Protective

Single layered
 Single and
Compactly Avenged
mayor maynot be
present
lack chloroplast
Trichomes Hut Hut
Cuticle thin thick
Stomata Out less Mo

Basis Micot Monocot

Cortex
1 Hypodermis Belowthe epidermis I
Multilayered 2 3 layered
thick Comparatively their

Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Hells chloroplast More

rigidity
lessrigidity flexibility less no flexibility

2 General Cortex Parenchymaor lining X

t
storage
offood
Resincanals MucilageDuct
He
Schizogenous in Origin
Multilayered

3 Endodermis Single layered

Rich in StanchGrain
He
Starch Sheath

É Pericycle Below the endodermis

Multilayered
abovethe phloem
 Semilunarpatch

someone
Thain Pericycle HardBast
Sinfloyer X

Heterogenoustype X
ofpericycle
Sclerenchyma
Bundle Cap

E
Parenchyma s

Basis Micot Monocot

X Non differentiated
Grand Tissue
In Case Grass wheat
of
Futral
position
d
Hollow
I
cavity Pith cavity

Parenchymatous

Pitt hull Meneloped Undifferentiated

Parenchymatous

Vascular Bodle Dicot Monocot

wedgeshaped
I Onal Shaped

Arranged in Ring Scattered V13

Conjoint Collateral
open Conjoint Collateral Closed

X endarch X endarch

a
 A

D
o
o
VB Surrounded
by BindleSheath g
Idenenchymatous Periphery
Centre

fibrous vascularBudle
small Lange

Xylem Vessels less in Mo lessNo MoneNo

I Arranged in V14 Shaped

Metaxylem Twolarge vessels
Protoxylem One ortwo SmallVessels

water cavity r
Schizo yigenous

Phloem timeTube

Companion Cell

1parenchyma absent

king
Badlestieth
anaemia

ti Metaxylem Meta
a Ey y g initial
Rays
o
ggyamany amity

Monocot
Mint
 Root
Basis Dicot Me Monocot
of Comparison

Episuma ÉÉ
Cortex

É
phloem
8 Emmis
Pericycle

Conyuretine

CHI ith If
it
My
Basis Dicot Monocot
1 Epiblemer Singlelayered
Uniseriate

Outermost
layer
Root hair at
Cuticle at r

stomata ht

froottain 4 IA
9
d
Absorption
Y
Epiblema Cells
TrichoblastCells

Basis Dicot Monocot

HYPODERMIS Hut Hut

I 11

2 Cortex Parenchymatous

Chloroplast flat Nonphotosynthetic

exception

alomplastent
Yaga Photosynthetic
Root

3 Endodermis Barrel Shaped Cells

btw pericycle Cortex

Caspayan Strip eat Radial Tangential MoreDeveloped

Discovered Caspari
II wall
Cellulosic in Nature
Casparian Strip

here

strip

AIffrarian Radial Tangential wall

slip
I
Campanian
CellsofEndodermis D
water tight

Jackgethyster
past
xp Actas a Man

T
Passage cells
water
pathcells Hasfusioncells

Dicot Ms Monocot
H
I Y
Pericycle Singletofew layered
Root parenchymatous Cells
lateral

Giving riseto lateral

u
Jiff Rootsy

Endogenous in Origin
lie oppositeprotoxylem
Whealmoots V

E Vascular Bundle Radial Exarch

X P Being separate
No X Mo P Mo ofX P 76
of of
I 476
Coryuctive th Sh X P x
Tissue

7 Pitt less Memloped Inconspicuous

Hangingmoot
Aerialmoot

E a.ttytgne
specialtype
oftissues
flamen Tissues

Rtfm
velamen
Hygroscopic
I
Epiblemi
c Absorb waterfrom
moisture ladenAtm

Multilayered tucture
 leaf
Dicot Monocot

Dorsiventral Bifacial Hobilateral Equifacial

Adaxialsurface Cuticle

MUMUN Palisade
VI Parenchyma
Int

Ameriannerstamate
Abaxial Surface
Cuticle
T.im fIwFIE
Dicot Ms Monocot
1 Cuticle ant tint
Onboth thesurface V

upper Senface thick equal thickening

2 stomata lower Surface 194 94 Mo onBoththe

upper surface to absent Sides

2 Mesophyllcells Differentiated Non differentiated

palisade parenchyma

large Vacuoles
Is more
chloroplast
Spongyparenchyma
lesschloroplast
h lange air
spaces
Vascular Bundle Collateral Closed
Le Coryoint
protoxylem upper surface adaxial
 I y upp serf
protophloein lower Surface abaxial

Bundle sheath
4
18 Parenchymatons Thickwalled

7 Of e

Buelle Sheath
G plants Chlorenclymatous
Grasses Epidermal Cells
I modified
Bulliform Cells Motorcells

Absorbwater turgid leaf Surface exposed

he loose water a curl
flaccid n

Leaf Stomata position Examples

1 Epistomerticleef ontoppersurface floatingleaves
lotus

2 Hypostomatic lowersurface Most Dicot

3 Amphistomatic Both surface most Monolot

4 Astomatic anti submerged

leaves

Hydrille
Vallisneria

Secondary Growth
TGirth thickness Carcumference

Activity lateral Meristem

of
Conk cambium
L
 oh Cam
Vascular Cambium

Item Cambium Hat

Dicot
IV
B open
off
Gymnosperm

Monocot Root B Closed Cambium hat

smh
Angiosperenic hey

Abnormal Growth
Secondary
Monocot Palm Yucca
Dracaena mmmm
Growth
Kingia
Smilax

Sansiviera

Secondary Growth in Dicot Stem

InStellar Region Extra Stellar Region

t He
vascular cambium Cork cambium

Starts first 164 Cambimiphellogenjy

Phelloderm
1 FItalinlar
Endodermis

cambium
fascicular
Dffnalater
 Secondary Growth in stelae Region Vascular Cambium

Cambium
I formationof ring of Vascular
2 Activity
of Vascular Cambium
3 formation
of Annual Ring

1 formation Vascular Cambium

of Ringof
Muon MR Interfasciculus
Intra fascicule Cambium
F
to
lateral Meristem
D Aimery
Primanyt Secondary

f inOrigin
Interfascicule Cambium

g Secondary lateral Meristem

I
Menistematic
I ambient
in Nature

secondary iatmaeyoi.im
 Vascular Cambium
Activity of
Vascular Cambium

long Spherical Out

is
Minihan
pointed ends

Morein No ÉYÉ a less in

the

firmed RayInitial

Fusiform Initial Phloem Periphery

yecondemy
Midinal Bast
sstlomome.to
fusiform
fy
Its
Hormone Mt

Secondary Xylem Towardsthe Centre

Twood
 Secondary xylem d lox
Secondary Phloem N

Istana

TTY Ee
High Growth Rateof

iffy
Raywitial
Ij
Vasai tecondanymettany

Pass SP ex
through the

in Radial Direction
I
Radial conduction
of
food water

I formation of Annual Rings's Dueto unequal activity

of Vascular
Cambium

Activity Environmental factors Climate weather

Temperate Ilmopical No uniform DierentialI

Desert More orless
If
 I
winter Autumn Spring season

VC lessActive V C MoreActive
f X It Autumn wood latewood f X TTT Springwood I
Bank in Colour
Earlywood
L High Density widerlumen

lightin colour
lowMensity
Annual Ring Autumn t Spring Alternate Concentric
Ring
OneYear
Things
Mo Rings
of Ageof thetree

Dendrochronology

Heartwood Ys Sapwood

Duramen Alburnum
Composition Deadelements Secondary X
with dignified walls
Colour Dank Coloured
lightcoloured
Deposition Tannins Resins

Gum Oil
Aromatic Substances

Conduction conduction
Can't conduct ble
ofwater
filledwith wastematerial Minerals

Tyloses Swollen parenchyma cells

 y frenchy
Entersinto the Vessels Permanent

wiltingTemporary
7
Loses obstructthe
pathway ofwater

Transpiration J Absorption

Ypamcymaaa_

g
Based Vessels
upon

d d
Non porous wood porouswood

lg Gymnosperm Mostly Angiosperm

Vesselsare absent Dicot
Vesselsare
present

Ringporous wood Diffused porous

wood

Vessels
are arrangedin Differed State
Ring like manner Vessels

eg Dalbergia test Neem

lay a Temperate Region Tropical Regions

B Secondary Growth in Extra Stellan Cork Cambium
Region By
Epi
Kt k typo
1 GE
des
aphaberised
Phellem Conk
read Ye
9g

ef
initial
division

Periderm
E e Icomcmt.im
PhellodermSecondaryCortex
Phillagen I

Tante L

Yh
chloroplast ammine

Cork Commercial Cook Oak Quercia tubes

I formedin large Quantity
winter Autumn Every Year

Secondary Cortex Small Quantity

lenticells the stem woody sometime on

Jon fruitSurface
absent onleaf
Transpiration 1 Exchange of Gases

lenticel

t.EE iiiie
gotta
088 conk Cambium
 00 ConkCambias
Secondary cortex

Bark

Old View Modern view

Allthe tissues outsidethe Cork Non Technical Term
Cambium Allthetissues exteriorto Vascular
Cambium
Allare dead tissues

ofBank
Types

Ring Bank ShutBarks ScalyBank

Guava
eg Eucalyptus

Betula utile Bhoj

patch Neem

Mango

Continuous bank Tamarind

ofequal thickening
formed around the Item in the Discontinuous

formof complete Ring unequal thickening

 Secondary Growth in Root Picot

L Epiblema

I Cortex

Complete

Ring
ÉtÉ of
Vascular

I
Meristematic in oppositeto Px
Nature I
t
amount
Ciro Meristematic
t
Foundin major SmallAment
Foundin
Complete
I of vasalarlambium
Ring

In the beguine they willappear wary ai

Mature

Conyuctive

em simian
Pitt MedullaryRays Parenchymatous
Secondary x t cells

f
Secondary
Primary Medullary Rays

Root
Structure of

Cork cambium
from Pericycle
 Cork
I I Cy

Merinedfrom
Secondary Cortex
Pericycle

weRoot
I
All Cambia handany in Origin
Pith Ray MedullaryRay