Structure Function Prokaryote Eukaryote:

Animal Plant
Cellular Control Nucleus Contains DNA Prokaryote DNA is
Center found in cytoplasm. √ √

Vacuoles and Store Materials √

vesicles √

Break down and √ √

Organelles that
Lysosomes recycle (Rare)
Store, Clean- macromolecules
Up, and
Support Maintains cell Prokaryotic cells have √ √
Cytoskeleton shape; moves cell protein filaments
parts; helps cells similar to actin and
move tubulin
Centrioles Organize cell √
division

Ribosomes Synthesize proteins √ √ √

Organelles that Endoplasmic Assembles proteins √ √

Build Protein Reticulum and lipids

Modifies, sorts, and √ √

Golgi Apparatus packages proteins
and lipids for
storage or transport
out of the cell
In some prokaryotic √
cells, photosynthesis
Convert solar occurs in association
Chloroplasts energy to chemical with internal
Organelles that energy stored in photosynthetic
Capture and food membranes.
Release Energy Prokaryotes carry out √ √
Convert chemical these reactions in the
Mitochondria energy in food to cytoplasm rather than
usable compounds in specialized
organelles.
Shapes, supports, √ √
Cell Wall and protects the cell

Cellular Regulates materials √ √ √

Boundaries Cell Membrane entering and leaving
cells; protects and
supports cell
 Basis of Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Similarities
Comparison

Cellularity Small cells; Usually Larger cells; Usually The genetic material,
unicellular (some multicellular i.e., presence of DNA
cyanobacteria may be is common between
multicellular) the two cells.
Typical size of 1-10 𝜇𝑚 10-100 𝜇𝑚
cell The presence of RNA
is common.
Cell wall Usually present; made of When present; made up of
composition peptidoglycan polysaccharides
Both of them have
ribosomes, which
Nucleus Having nucleoid, region Having a ”true” nucleus make proteins.
where the cell’s DNA is where the cell’s DNA is
located but not enclosed by a located and is enclosed by a They regulate the
membrane membrane flow of nutrients and
waste matter that
Ribosomes Small Large
enters and exists the
cellules.
Organelles Organelles are not Organelles are membrane
membrane enclosed enclosed
They carry out basic
life processes like
DNA Structure Usually single circular Multiple linear chromosomes
photosynthesis and
chromosome; typically lacks with histones
reproduction.
histones
They need energy
Cell Division Binary fission Mitosis (asexual) supply to survive.
and (Asexual – not involving the Meiosis (sexual)
Reproduction fusion of gametes)

Metabolic Huge variety of metabolic Common metabolic pathways

Pathways pathways

Motility Motility by rigid rotating Motility by flexible waving

flagellum (made of flagellin) flagella