Cell Biology Organelle Function Define magnification

Label the plant and animal cell with the key organelles Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane Define resolution

Mitochondria
Ribosomes Draw the formula triangle

Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell wall

What is cell differentiation? Sperm Root hair Xylem

Why is this important?

Eukaryotes Prokaryotes What are the 2 types of microscope?

What is it? What is it?
Specialised cells:
Discuss the advantages and Describe the Phloem
disadvantages of both microscopes Muscle adaptations of each cell
Describe the structure Describe the structure
Nerve
 Cell Biology Diffusion Osmosis Active transport
What is mitosis? Definition Definition Definition

Examples in the human body Examples in the human body Examples in the human body
Describe the stages of mitosis in the flow diagram

Examples in a plant Examples in a plant Examples in a plant

What are the uses of stem cells? What are stem cells?

Describe the different stem cells?

Adult stem cells:

Embryonic stem cells:

Stem cells

Evaluate the use of stem cells

Why is mitosis important? Why do we need stem cells in our body?

Organisation revision What is an enzyme? Describe the food test for starch Describe the food test for protein

Define the following terms:

Tissue What is an enzyme made from?

A positive result = A positive result =

Organ How do ribosomes help in the production of enzymes?

Describe the food test for sugars/carbs Describe the food test for lipids
System
Draw and label the structure of Why is the active site important?
an enzyme
Organism
A positive result = A positive result =

Why is the digestive system

What does denatured mean?
important?
Factors that affect enzymes:
Describe and Describe and
explain this explain this
graph graph
Label the digestive system below Explain the lock and key model

Digestive enzyme What does it break down What are the products What is metabolism?

What factors can affect it?

 Label the heart Blood Diagram Adaptations Type of blood
Organisation revision Show with arrows the vessel it carries
direction of blood flow
Artery
Describe the differences between the
xylem tissue and the phloem tissue

Vein

Capillary
Transpiration Translocation
Where does it occur? Where does it occur?

Describe how our heart rate is controlled: Red blood cells: White blood cells:
Describe how it works Describe how it works

Plasma: Platelets:

Describe how cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis

What is cholesterol?

Describe the functions of the different tissues (1-7)

What is coronary heart disease? What causes coronary heart disease? What treatments are there for coronary
heart disease?
 What is health? What is a risk factor? Give some examples
Organisation revision
Treatments for heart conditions
Statins: Artificial heart: Explain the following statements:

Defects in the immune system

mean that an individual is more
Advantages Advantages likely to suffer from infectious
diseases

Disadvantages Disadvantages Viruses living in cells can be the

trigger for cancers

Stents: Heart transplant:

Immune reactions initially caused
by a pathogen can trigger
allergies such as skin rashes and
Advantages Advantages asthma

Severe physical ill health can lead

Disadvantages Disadvantages to depression and other mental
illness

Mechanical/artificial valves: Artificial blood:

What is cancer?
Describe the differences between a benign and malignant
tumour:
Advantages Advantages

Disadvantages Disadvantages
Give some examples of risk factors that lead to specific
cancers:

How can we reduce the risk of CHD?

Infection and response revision Describe what a pathogen is… What are protists?
Non-communicable
Communicable diseases
diseases are…
are…

Name 3 types of pathogen:

What is malaria?

Disease Symptoms How is it spread? What type of pathogen causes

it?

How is a mosquito involved in causing malaria?

Measles

HIV

Tobacco Mosaic virus

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Salmonella

Gonorrhoea
How can we control the spread of malaria?

Rose black spot

Infection and response revision What non specific defence systems do we have in our body?

What is meant by immunity? What are vaccines? Drug How does it work? What does it treat?
Antibiotic

Painkiller

Antitoxin
How do they work?

What is meant by herd immunity?

Traditionally drugs were Describe the stages involved in testing a new drug
extracted from plants and PRE CLINICAL
microorganisms. Where do the
following originate from?

The heart drug digitalis

CLINICAL
Phagocytosis Lymphocytes The painkiller aspirin
Antibody production

The antibiotic Penicillin

What is a double blind trial?

Why is it important that all new drugs go through clinical
Antitoxin production testing?

What is a placebo?
Infection and response revision (Separate only) Why are monoclonal antibodies not so widely used at
What is a monoclonal antibody? the moment?

Describe how monoclonal antibodies are produced?

How can we detect if a plant has a disease? How can we identify if a plant has a specific
disease?

Uses of monoclonal antibodies Explain how can we identify a plant with a

Nitrate deficiency:
Diagnosis such as in pregnancy tests Measure the levels of hormones and other
chemicals in blood, or to detect pathogens
Magnesium deficiency:

PLANT DEFENCE RESPONSES

Chemical Mechanical Physical

Locate or identify specific molecules in a cell or Treat diseases such as cancer

tissue by binding to them with a fluorescent dye
Bioenergetics revision Write the word and symbol equation for photosynthesis: Required practical: investigate the effect of light intensity on the
rate of photosynthesis using an aquatic organism such as
What is photosynthesis? pondweed

Method:
What type of reaction is photosynthesis? Explain why?

Why does a plant need to

photosynthesise? What is a limiting Name the main limiting factors for
factor? photosynthesis:

Independent variable:
Dependent variable:
Control variables:
What are the uses of glucose?
Describe and explain the limiting factor graphs

What results would you expect from your method?

How can you make your results more reliable?

How do you calculate the rate of

photosynthesis?
Explain the science behind your practical:
Bioenergetics revision Write the word and symbol equation for aerobic respiration: Write the word and symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in
humans:
What is respiration?

What type of reaction is respiration? Explain why?

Define these key words:
Aerobic:

Anaerobic:
Why does an organism need to
respire? Describe and explain the changes to your body when you exercise:
What is anaerobic respiration?

Explain why we need energy:

Write the word and symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in
plants and yeast cells :
What happens if you have insufficient oxygen during respiration?

What is fermentation?

What is oxygen debt? How is the blood involved in removing lactic How is it used in industry?
acid?

State the factors that can affect the

rate of respiration:
What is metabolism and what does it include?
Homeostasis and control revision What is homeostasis and why is it important?
What is the role of a receptor?

Give examples of receptors:

Draw and label a reflex arc. Use an example to show your Draw, label and annotate how a synapse works
understanding.

What is the role of a co-ordination centre?

Give examples of co-ordination centres:

What is the role of an effector?

Give examples of effectors:

Fill in the stages of a reflex action Why are reflexes important?

Design a practical to test human reaction time:

Method Independent variable Expected results

Dependent variable What is reaction time?

Control variables
What factors can affect reaction time?
Homeostasis and control revision What is the endocrine system?

What are glands and how do

they work? Why is the pituitary gland referred to as the ‘master gland’? Label the glands of the endocrine system

Compare the structure and function of the nervous system and the endocrine system
Nervous system Endocrine system

How is blood sugar monitored?

Describe what happens if blood sugar is….

Too high Too low

What is type I diabetes? What is type II diabetes?

What are the symptoms? What are the symptoms?

How is it treated? How is it treated?

Hormone involved: Hormone involved:

What is negative feedback? How is the control of glucose an example of negative feedback?
Homeostasis and control revision What happens if we
How is water lost from our body? have too much water in
out body?

Describe what has happened to the cells above. You must link this to osmosis: Why is the digestion of protein dangerous if
not excreted effectively?
What happens if our cells lose too much water?

Describe the function of the kidney in maintaining water What is ADH? Explain how ADH is controlled
balance in the body

Where is ADH released from?

Dialysis Transplant
What is this? What is this?

How is urine produced? Where does ADH act upon?

Advantages Advantages

Disadvantages Disadvantages
How does ADH work?
Homeostasis and control revision
What is the menstrual cycle?

What is a hormone?

On the diagram label where the hormones are What is the function of the different During the menstrual
released hormones? cycle secondary sex
LH characteristics can
develop. Give examples
of these…

What is the main function of oestrogen?

FSH

What is the main function of testosterone?

Oestrogen

Describe and explain what is happening at the:

Endometrial level

Hormonal level

Follicular development
 Describe the process of IVF treatment?
Homeostasis and control revision
What is infertility?

What is contraception?

Explain the advantages of Explain the disadvantages

IVF of IVF
What are fertility drugs? Why are
they given?

Hormonal contraception Non-hormonal contraception

Contraceptive Advantage Disadvantage Contraceptive Advantage Disadvantage

method and how method and how it
it works works

The pill Condoms

The implant Diaphragm

The injection Spermicides

Skin Patch Sterilisation

IUD Abstinence
Homeostasis and control revision: BIOLOGY ONLY What is the function of the What is an MRI?
brain?
Describe the functions of the different parts of the brain:

Explain some of the difficulties of investigating brain function How are MRI scans used?
and treating brain damage and disease.

Defects of the eye

Label the diagram of the eye Myopia Hyperopia

What is it? What is it?

Draw a ray diagram to show this Draw a ray diagram to show this

How is it treated? How is it treated?

What is meant by accommodation? Describe how we…

Focus on a near object: Focus on a distant object:
Homeostasis and control revision: BIOLOGY ONLY

Why is it important to control body

temperature?

n
o ni
ti
l i ca text
p n
Ap co
Thermoregulation

Too hot Too cold

Describe what happens when you are Describe what happens when you are Key terms:
too hot: too cold:
Temperature

Thermoregulatory centre

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

What part of the brain detects the temperature change?

Homeostasis and control revision: BIOLOGY ONLY What is gravitropism? What is phototropism?

Why do plants need to produce hormones?

What is the main Describe and explain how unequal amounts of auxin affects What are gibberellins?
hormone involved in growth.
plant growth?

Why are they important to a plant?

Uses of plant hormones

Auxin Gibberellins Ethene
What ethene?

Why is it important to a plant?

Describe an experiment to investigate the effect of light or gravity on the growth of newly germinated seedlings.
Method Expected results Scientific links
Independent variable

Dependent variable

Control variables
Inheritance, variation and evolution revision What is mitosis? Draw a diagram to show mitosis

Key term Definition What are the

Gamete advantages/disadvantages of
mitosis?

Chromosome Describe what happens during mitosis

Gene

Allele

Dominant

Recessive

Homozygous

Heterozygous

What is meiosis? Draw a diagram to show meiosis

Genotype

Phenotype
What are the
advantages/disadvantages of
Mutation
Describe what happens during meiosis?
meiosis
DNA

Genome

Sexual

Asexual

Mitosis

Meiosis
Inheritance, variation and evolution revision What is reproduction?

Key question Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

What is a genome?
What is it?

What type of
organisms
reproduce this What is the human genome project?
way?

Advantages

Disadvantages

Advantages of the project Disadvantages of the project

Describe how some Malarial parasites

organisms can
reproduce both
sexually and
asexually Fungi

Plant seeds

What is DNA? Describe the structure of DNA Draw and label a diagram of DNA What is the function of a gene?
Inheritance, variation and evolution revision What is the function of an allele?
Explain what is meant by the term multiple alleles

What are the main types

of mutations that occur?
What is a mutation?

What are the sex chromosomes for: Complete the punnet square to show the sex
Male determination of a baby:

What is the % of a girl?

Female

What is the % of a boy?

Discuss the possible effects of a mutation: What is a genetic cross diagram?

What is the ratio?

Complete the punnet square : Complete the punnet square:

What is the % of What is the % of
Brown eyes? Brown eyes?
Describe and explain how new proteins are made: B b B b

B b
What is the % of What is the % of
blue eyes? blue eyes?
b b

What is the ratio? What is the ratio?

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? Give a genotype examples
for each
Inheritance, variation and evolution revision
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for embryo screening

What is an inherited disorder? What is embryo screening?

VARIATION
Key question Polydactyl Cystic fibrosis What is variation? What is genetic variation? What is environmental variation?

Describe what
the inherited
disorder is

Examples: Examples:

How is this
caused?
(Genetically) What is evolution? What is natural selection? What is speciation?

The effects of
the disorder

Treatments
Ecology What is meant by a stable List the abiotic factors that can affect List the biotic factors that can affect
community? a community a community
Key term Definition
Community

Ecosystem

Interdependence
How do we investigate the distribution of organisms in an area?
Abiotic Random sampling using a quadrat Systematic sampling using a transect and a quadrat
Write your method here: Write your method here:
Biotic

Competition

Adaptation

Extremophile

Around the animal and plant write down what they compete for…
Maths requirements:
Describe how plants and animals are adapted
How do you calculate the mean?
Animals Plants

How do you calculate the mode?

How do you calculate the median?

Describe the types of environments

extremophiles survive in
What makes a successful competitor?
Ecology What is a predator? What is decay?

What is a food chain?

What is prey? What causes decay?

Draw an example of a food chain

What are the optimal conditions for
Describe the relationship between predator and decay?
prey (use the graph)
What do the arrows in a food chain represent?

What is a food web?

Describe what Describe what
happens in the water happens in the
cycle carbon cycle
1. Name the producer in the food web

2. Name 2 primary consumers

3. Name 3 secondary consumers

4. Name the apex predator

5. What would happen if to the herring if the number of Pollock decreased?

Photosynthesis What are the issues with lots of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere?

Respiration
6. What would happen to the number of dolphin in the seals increased

Combustion
 What is biodiversity?
Ecology
How is the human population changing? Describe what acid rain is Describe what deforestation is

Why is this happening? Describe how acid rain is formed

What are the major impacts of deforestation?

What are the problems with acid rain?

Describe and explain the effect of a growing human population on land Describe the differences What is a peat bog?
and resources? between smoke and smog

Why are people destroying peat bogs?

What are the problems with destroying peat bogs?

Create a mini mind map

Land pollution Air pollution What is the greenhouse effect? What is the global warming?

Describe the What are the problems with How can we

effects of global warming? maintain
Water pollution pollution on the biodiversity?
environment
Name the greenhouse gases: