EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE LESSON 6

HOW PLANTS
SURVIVE
 OBJECTIVES
▪ At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

▪ Describe the structure and functions of the different plant

organs.
▪ Explain the different metabolic processes involved in the
plant organ systems.
▪ Describe the major features and chemical events of
photosynthesis.
PLANT FORM
AND FUNCTION
ALWAYS REMEMBER
THAT….
▪ The plant body is a hierarchy of structural levels just like in
multicellular animals, the plant body is composed of an
organ that is made up of tissues that is composed of group
of cells.

▪ There are several features plants common to almost all

angiosperms. But there are two groups of plants in
particular which we called the monocot and dicot which
differ in anatomical details
MONOCOTS VS. DICOTS
PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION
▪BASIC ORGANS
▪Roots
▪Stems
▪Leaves
▪Tissue system
 THE ROOT SYSTEM
▪ FUNCTIONS
▪ Anchor
▪ Absorption of nutrients
SHOOT SYSTEM: STEM
▪FUNCTIONS:
▪Supports the leaves
and flowers in the best
position.
▪Passageway of
nutrients
MODIFIED STEM
▪ Bulbs – stem reduced to a
small knob
▪ Tubers- fleshy underground
stems modified to store
starch
▪ Corms- upright
underground fleshy stems
covered by leaves
▪ Rhizomes- horizontal;
underground stems covered
by leaves
 LEAF
▪ A leaf is a flattened, green, lateral
appendage that carries out functions
of photosynthesis and transpiration.
▪ Parts:
▪ Stomata- a small opening found on
the leaf which gases pass through.
▪ Chlorophyll- responsible for the
green color of plants.
▪ Blade- responsible for the
distribution of food.
▪ Petiole, Midrib, Vein and Stipule
 SPECIALIZED LEAVES
▪ BRACTS- modified leaves at the base of
flowers or flower stalks.

▪ TENDRILS- can be exclusively leaf tissue or

they can be modified special shoots with thin,
modified stems.

▪ STOLONS- are thin, above ground, horizontal

stems of indeterminate growth and long
internodes that grow out from a parent plan
and produce young plants at their tips.
 TISSUE SYSTEM
▪ Plant organs are compose of three tissue system: dermal, vascular and ground.

▪ DERMAL TISSUE
▪ The surface of the plant is covered by the dermal tissue system. It principally protects
the inner tissues of the plant, but also connects them to the outer world.
▪VASCULAR TISSUE

▪ Composed of
XYLEM and PHLOEM,
which function in the
transport of water
and dissolved
substances.
PLANT GROWTH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
 MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
▪ Responsible for the
division of new cells
where zones of actively
dividing cells can be
found and where it allows
the organisms to have
indeterminate growth
which insures that plant
can grow throughout its
life.
PHOTOSYNTHES
IS
FOOD PRODUCTION IN PLANTS
THE AUTOTROPHS
▪Organisms that can
produce their own
food.

▪Ex: Terrestrial plants,

Kelp, algae,
phytoplanktons
 THE CHLOROPLAST
▪ Came from the word “chloros”
meaning “green” and “plastes”
meaning “the one who forms”.

▪ Contains CHLOROPHYLL which is

responsible for the green color of
plants.

▪ Chloroplast is an organelle where

photosynthesis takes place.
STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

LIGHT REACTION/ DARK

PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION/
REACTION CALVIN CYCLE

OCCURS IN
GRANUM/THYLAKOID
OCCURS IN STROMA
PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMICAL
EQUATION
LIGHT DEPENDENT
REACTION/LIGHT
▪ It is the stage where the REACTION
chlorophyll absorbs the
energy from the sun
(PHOTONS)
2 groups of light absorbing
molecules:
1. Photosystem I
2. Photosystem II
Expected Products: Oxygen
gas (O₂), NADPH and ATP
 DARK REACTION/CALVIN
CYCLE
▪ Named after Melvin
Calvin
▪ Consists of cyclical series
of reactions that uses
enzymes to assemble
sugar molecules from
carbon dioxide and the
products of light reaction.
▪ Expected product:
Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆
 LIGHT REACTION VS.
DARK REACTION

▪ Legend:
H₂O- water
O₂- Oxygen gas
CO₂- Carbon dioxide
ATP- Adenosine triphosphate
NADPH- Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide phosphate
ADP- Adenosine diphosphate