PSYCHOSOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT
The approach to the study of development
that encompasses changes in the
understanding individuals have of their
interactions with others, of others’ behavior,
and of themselves as members of society.
PRENATAL
STAGE
• Genes
• Maternal stress
• Alcohol use
 INFANCY AND
TODDLERHOOD
(Birth to 2 Years)
• Temperament
o Easy, Difficult, Slow to warm up
• Attachment styles
o Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent, Disorganized-disoriented
• Erikson’s Psychosocial stages
o Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust
o Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
 Key Influences
• Biological Influences [temperament] • Attachment: stranger anxiety or
• Heredity (Kagan, 2002) separation protest
• temperament: biologically based but • Attachment could also be influenced by
evolving aspect of behavior temperament

• Quality of parenting received • Environment the infant/toddler is raised

• Secure infants: warm and sensitive to • “goodness of fit”: match between the
infant’s needs; responsive to attempts at temperament and environmental
communication demands the child must cope with
• Avoidant infants: unresponsive, • culture
insensitive, rejecting
• Ambivalent: tries to be responsive but
inconsistent
• Disorganized-disoriented: neglectful with
interactions/ abusive
 EARLY
CHILDHOOD
(2 to 6 Years)
• Erikson’s Psychosocial stages
- Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt
- Initiative Versus Guilt
- Industry Versus Inferiority
• Negative Influence
- young maternal age at birth of child -Peers
- authoritarian parenting style
- increased family size
- poverty
Positive Influence
-Family
-Environment
-verbal interactions with
parents, or parent-
encouraged, child-initiated
verbal interactions.
Weitzman, M., & Lee, L. (2017,
February). Low Income and Its Impact
on Psychosocial Child Development.
Retrieved from http://www.child-
encyclopedia.com/sites/default/files/tex
tes-experts/en/794/low-income-and-its-
impact-on-psychosocial-child-
development.pdf
Norman-Jackson, J. (1982). Family
Interactions, Language Development,
and Primary Reading Achievement of
Black Children in Families of Low
Income. Child Development, 53(2), 349–
358. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
8624.1982.tb01323.x
 MIDDLE
CHILDHOOD
(6 to 11)
 Self-concept  Industry vs. inferiority
Influences:
• Family environment
o Parent-child relationship
o Parent situation (divorced/single parent)
o Sibling relationship (rivalry/comparison)
• Peer groups
o Friends
o Bullying
ADOLESCENCE
(13 to 19)

Identity vs. Role Confusion
Who am I? Who can I be?
Key Influences:
Self-Esteem
Gender (mostly negative)
Social Economic Status (Not going
through the Psych Moratorium) (+ or -)
Race and Ethnicity (mostly negative)
Societal Pressure
Choices (e.g. College Major) (+ or -)
Reliance on Peers (or lack, thereof)
Comparison (-)
Religion
Developing a core set of beliefs and
values (+ or -)
 Bantay Bata 163 Group

Ethel Love Deocampo

Krystyv Maren Fullon
Ma. Diana Rose Ladoc
Dennise Kyla Madlangsakay
Michelle Florence Rivera
Sources:

Feldman, R. (2016). Child Development (7th Ed.). Pearson.

Norman-Jackson, J. (1982). Family Interactions, Language Development, and Primary
Reading Achievement of Black Children in Families of Low Income. Child
Development, 53(2), 349–358. doi: 10.1111/j.14678624.1982.tb01323.x
Weitzman, M., & Lee, L. (2017, February). Low Income and Its Impact on Psychosocial Child
Development. Retrieved from http://www.childencyclopedia.com/sites/default/
files/textes-experts/en/794/low-income-and- its-impact-on-psychosocial-child-
development.pdf