(4G) Market Trends 3G Limitations and LTE Response Advantages of LTE LTE Specifications • Spectrum efficiency • DL : 3-4 times • UL : 2-3 times • Frequency Spectrum • Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz • To cover all frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GH • Peak data rate • DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation • UL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation • Latency • C-plane : < 100ms to establish U-plane • U-plane : < 10ms from UE to server • Coverage • Performance targets up to 5km, slight degradation up to 30km • Mobility • LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h but • connection maintained for speeds up to 350 or 500km/h • Handover between 3G & 3G LTE • Real-time < 300ms • Non-real-time < 500ms Key LTE Features to Overcome Challenges LTE Architecture OFDMA Basic Concepts Carrier and Bandwidth OFDMA Principles Notion of Orthogonality LTE Sub-carrier Inter-Symbol Interference Difference between DL and UL OFDMA Parameter of LTE Radio Frame Structure Frame Structure of TDD Physical Resource Block Radio Channels • A Logical Channel is defined by the type of information it carries. • Logical channels are classified into control and traffic channels.
• A Transport Channel is defined by how and with what
• characteristics the information is transmitted.
• A Physical Channel is defined by the physical resources used to
• transmit the data. At the physical level, a distinction can be made • between: • The physical channel on which are mapped transport channels. • The physical signal, which does not carry information but is used for • synchronization or measurement. Logical Channel • The following control logical channels have been defined by the 3GPP: • BCCH, Broadcast Control Channel, used for the transmission of system control • information. A UE needs to decode it before requesting a connection. • PCCH, Paging Control Channel, is a downlink channel that transfers paging information • and system information change notifications. This channel is used for paging when the • network does not know the location cell of the UE. • CCCH, Common Control Channel is a channel for transmitting control information • between UEs and network. This channel is used for UEs having no RRC connection with • the network. • DCCH, Dedicated Control Channel is a point-to-point bi-directional channel that • transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network. Used by UEs • having an RRC connection. • MCCH, Multicast Control Channel is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel used for • transmitting MBMS control information from the network to the UE, for one or several • MTCHs. This channel is only used by UEs that receive MBMS. • DTCH, Dedicated Traffic Channel, is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to • one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist both in uplink • and downlink. • MTCH, Multicast Traffic Channel is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel • for transmitting traffic data from the network to the UE. This channel is only • used by UEs that receive MBMS. Transport Channel • A transport channel defines how and with what characteristics the • information is transmitted. • Inherited from the WCDMA, data on the transport channel is organized • into “Transport Blocks”, TBs. • A Transport block can be transmitted every TTI = 1 ms • The “Transport Format”, TF, defines how the blocks can be • transmitted: • Transport block size, it depends on the MCS and the number of PRB allocated • Allowed modulation scheme • Antenna mapping • The following transport channels in DL have been defined by the 3GPP: • Broadcast Channel (BCH) characterized by a fixed, pre-defined transport format with a robust modulation to be broadcast in the entire coverage area of the cell. • Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) characterized by: a dynamic link adaptation by varying the modulation, coding and transmit power support for H-ARQ (radio retransmission). • Paging Channel (PCH) characterized by: Requirement to be broadcast in the entire cell. • Multicast Channel (MCH) characterized by: requirement to be broadcast in the entire coverage area of the cell • Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) characterized by: support for dynamic link adaptation by varying the transmit power and potentially modulation and coding support for H-ARQ support for both dynamic and semi-static resource allocation. • Random Access Channel (RACH) characterized by: limited control information collision risk Mapping of Channels From the Transport to the Physical Channel Physical Channel Channel Mapping • The duration of type 1 radio frame is 10 ms. It is made of 10 sub- frame • (1 ms) • A sub-frame is made 2 slots • A slot is made of 7 symbols • A Resource Block is made of 12 sub-carriers and 7 symbol (a slot) • A Resource Element is a 1 Sub-carrier/1 Symbol • The RRC protocol is the head of the air interface • The DL and UL scheduler are running in the MAC layer in the eNodeB • The Radio Bearer is mapped on Logical channel -> Transport Channel -> • Physical Channel RRC Connection Scenarios During the Initial Attach: An MME is selected. The UE is authenticated. An IP address is allocated to the UE. S-GW and P-GW are selected. Bearers are established on the S1-U, S5/S8 and on the air interface. The RRC connection is reconfigured to allow user data traffic. At the end of the Initial Attach, the UE is able to reach external networks. • After the power on, the UE knows: the UE category and capability. the preferred PLMN. the carriers • The UE needs to know: The frame synchronization to be able to decode the DL radio frame. The cell parameters to be able request a connection. • The UE can use: The PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal. The SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal. The BCH, the broadcast channel. MIB & SIB • Master Information Block defines the most essential physical layer information of the cell required to • receive further system information; • SystemInformationBlockType1 contains information relevant when evaluating if a UE is allowed to access • a cell and defines the scheduling of other system information blocks; • SystemInformationBlockType2 contains common and shared channel information; • SystemInformationBlockType3 contains cell re-selection information, mainly related to the serving cell; • SystemInformationBlockType4 contains information about the serving frequency and intra-frequency • neighboring cells relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection parameters common for a • frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters); • SystemInformationBlockType5 contains information about other E-UTRA frequencies and inter-frequency • neighboring cells relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection parameters common for a • frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters); • SystemInformationBlockType6 contains information about UTRA frequencies and UTRA neighboring cells • relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection parameters common for a frequency as well as • cell specific re-selection parameters); • SystemInformationBlockType7 contains information about GERAN frequencies relevant for cell re-selection • (including cell re-selection parameters for each frequency); • SystemInformationBlockType8 contains information about CDMA2000 frequencies andCDMA2000 • neighboring cells relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection parameters common for a • frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters); • SystemInformationBlockType9 contains a home eNB identifier (HNBID); • SystemInformationBlockType10 contains an ETWS primary notification; • SystemInformationBlockType11 contains an ETWS secondary notification Attach Setup Measurement Report Mobility Management Handover Intra E-UTRAN HO Thank You