Civil Engineering Drawings

Apparatus Required

Mini Drafter
Scales

Pencil
Compass

Eraser
Sharper

Protector
What is Drawing?
 The Drawing is the language of Civil Engineers. The language is Not
Expressed in the words. But in the Shape of line and Figures.

Types of Drawing?
 Topographical Drawings
 Architectural Drawings
 Structural Drawings

Topographical Drawings
Topographical Drawings are Detailed Graphic
Representation of Features that Appear on the Earth
Surface. The Features Include (Cultural, Road, Building,
Railways and Shows information about grading,
Landscaping)
Architectural Drawings
In Building Drawings Plan, Elevation and Section
given by the Architects, Convey the Clear Idea to
the Builders.
The Drawings are Generally Accompanied by Specifications,
Detailed Description of Materials and Workmanship.

Structural Drawings
The Structural Drawings Communicate the
Design of the Buildings. It gives Size of the Column,
Beams, Slabs, Reinforcement Details and Types of
Materials to be used.
Composite Map of Cochin
Town Planning of Hoskote
Catchment Area of Bhopal
Cross Section Drawing of Canal
Site Drawing with Contours
Elevation Building Drawings

Plan
Structural Drawing Beam
Column and Footing Dog Legged Stair Case
Method Of Projecting Plan

 Horizontal Cutting Plan

 Vertical Cutting Plan

Plan:
 The Plan of the Building Gives the General Alignment (or)
Location of Different Rooms to the Building. Also it gives the Idea
of the Thickness of Wall, Dimensions of the Room.

 The Building is imaged to be cut at sill level by a Horizontal

Plane and the Upper Portion is Removed. After this the View
Obtained from Top and Drawn in first Angle Projection is the Plan

 Method Of Projecting Plan

 Horizontal Cutting Plan
 Vertical Cutting Plan
Horizontal Cutting Plane
Plan
Longitudinal or Cross Section:
 The Cross Section are taken to Furnish More Details for the Work to
be Executed.
 The Cross Section Gives the Height of Building, Doors, Windows,
Cupboards and the Location. The Height of Pillars, Ceiling and Roof also
Marked.
 The Foundation Below the Ground Level Which cannot be seen
Outward are also shown on the Cross Section.
 The Building is Imaged to be Cut at any section by a Vertical Plane.
The Arrow Heads generally indicate the Viewing Direction.
V.Cutting
Vertical Cutting Plane
Cross Section
Elevation:

 The Entire Face of the Structure is called Elevation. Number of

Elevations are Drawn and Compared to one Another. Only the Best
Elevation is Adopted.

 The Elevation Should be the location of Doors, Windows, Roof line

and Location of Balcony.

 The View Obtained from Viewing from the front in First Angle Is
Elevation.
Elevation
Section Of Building Components
Before Starting Building Drawing the Following
Points should be taken in views:

 Every Wall Should Have Foundation.

 Every Opening Must Have Lintel.
 The Height of a Room in case of R.C.C Slab Roof is measured from
floor level to the Bottom Slab.
 The Depth of Foundation Should not Less than 800mm.in order to
Prevent Weather and Action of Frost.
 Verandah Pillar Should not come in front of a Door (or) Window
Opening.
 Every Outer Door (or) Window must have Sunshade.
Scales:
Scales are used to Transfer the Dimension of the Object to the Drawing.

The Scale for General Engineering Drawings are as follows.

1. Full Scale :- 1:1

2. Reducing Scales: - 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200
3. Large Scale: - 1: 50,000 / 1:25,000 , 1:10,000

Symbols:
The Symbols is used to Save Time ,Avoid Confusion and Achieve Quick
Identification of the Details.
Simple Tips of Vastu for Plots:
 The Site Should be a Square or a Rectangle. If Possible South – West corner Should
Have 90.

 Bore Well Should be Provided in North – East before the construction takes Place.

Not provided in South – East , North – West , South - West.

 More Space Should be provided in the East and North compared to West and

South of the complex.

 Balconies Towards North or East and North - East and Preferable.

 Kitchen is Advisable to South – East or North – West But never in North - East.

 Stair Case Should be provided in South , West or South-West and should be avoided

in North – East. Because Head Room of the staircase higher than South - west is not

Acceptable.
Vastu Bhagavan Photos
List of Documents to be Submitted for Building
Plan Approval:

 The Plan of the Building in Triplicate.

 The Site Plan in Triplicate.

 The Purpose for which the Building IS Proposed to be Constructed, Reconstructed,

Altered (or) Added.

 No Objection, Which may lawfully be taken to the Grant of Permission.

 Document Copy.

 Affidavit and Indemnity Bond.

 Last but not Least.

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