RECYCLE

A system with recycle is one in

which a stream leaving a
processing unit is partly
returned to the same unit for
reprocessing or reusing.
RECYCLE

 increase yield
increase purity
enrich a product
conserve heat
improve operations
RECYCLE

Recycle stream, R

Net
Fresh feed, F M G
product, P
Process unit
1 2
1 – Mixing point
F + R = M

2 – Splitting point G = R + P
when a stream is split, it generally is split G , R and P has the same
into two streams with equal
composition. composition
 R

R
F M G
Process unit P

Considering the whole

process:
F = P
In a pilot process, a sticky material containing 80%
water is to be dried. To facilitate the operation, a
part of the dried product containing 5% water is
recycled and mixed with the feed. If the material
entering the drier contains 30% water, calculate (a)
kg of water removed per 2000 kg of fresh feed (b)
recycle – to –feed ratio.
Fresh air containing 4% by mole water vapor is to be
cooled and dehumidified to a water content of 1.7% by
mole water. A stream of fresh air is combined with a
recycle stream of previously dehumidified air and passed
through the cooler. The blended stream entering the
unit contains 2.3% by mole water. In the air conditioner,
some of the water in the feed stream is condensed and
removed as liquid. A fraction of the dehumidified air
leaving the cooler is recycled and the remainder is
delivered to a room. Taking 100 mol of dehumidified air
delivered to the room as basis of calculations, calculate
the moles of fresh feed , moles of water condensed, and
moles of dehumidified air recycled.
Forty-five hundred kilograms per hour of a solution that is
one-third K2CrO4 by mass is joined by a recycle stream
containing 36.4% K2CrO4 , and the combined stream is fed
into an evaporator. The concentrated stream leaving the
evaporator contains 49.4% K2CrO4 ; this stream is fed into a
crystallizer in which it is cooled (causing crsytals of K2CrO4
to come out of solution) and then filtered. The filter cake
consists of K2CrO4 crystals and a solution that contains
36.4% K2CrO4 by mass; the crystals account for 95% of the
total mass of the filter cake. The solution that passes
through the filter cake is the recycle stream. (1) Calculate the
rate of evaporation, the rate of production of crystalline
K2CrO4 , the feed rates that the evaporator and the
crystallizer must be designed to hand le and the recycle ratio
(mass of recycle/mass of fresh feed) (2) Suppose that the filter
cake were driscarded instead of being recycled, calculate the
production rate of crystals. What are the benefits and costs
of recycling?
Example ( to illustrate the effect of
recycling operations)

A mixture of 50% A and 50% B enters a separation

process that is capable of splitting the two
components into two streams: one containing 60%
of the entering A and half of B ( stream 2) , and
one with 40% of the A and half of the B, (stream 3).
If 100 kg.hr of feed containing 50% A by mass
enters the separator, what are the concentrations
of A in the exit streams?
Suppose that in the previous example, a recycle
system is set up in which half of stream 3 is
siphoned off and recombined with the feed (which
is still the same composition as before).
Recalculate the concentrations of A in streams 2
and 3. Is the separation more or less effective than
that without recycle? Can you see a major
limitation of this method? How might this be
overcome?