What is

Communication?
-is a purposeful activity of exchanging
information and meaning across space and
time using various technical or natural
means, whichever is available or preferred.
(Wikipedia)
-is stirring up ideas in the mind of
another. It is the sharing of the ideas
among a group of people. It is
imparting concepts to an audience.
 What is
Communication?
--the sharing of
experiences publicly for
the common good.
-it (Monroe
involves aet.
Speaker
al)
imparting ideas, concepts, and
data to a group of Listeners
 The Process of Communication
The Elements of Communication
a.
Speaker
-chooses his/her purpose, crafts the
message accordingly, and decides how to
deliver it.
b.
Message
-is what needs to be delivered or imparted to
somebody else. This is central to the process
because the point of communicating is to say
“something”.
c. Encoding
– the process of converting the message
into words, actions, or other forms that
the speaker understands .
d.
Listener/Receiver
-receives the Message. It is the Listener
who makes sense of what is said and reacts
to it.
 e.
Channels
-are the means by which the Message is sent.
There are only five channels: ears, eyes, skin,
mouth, and nose. In other words, a message is
sent and received via the senses.

f. Decoding

-the process of interpreting the encoded

message of the speaker by the receiver.
 g.
Feedback

-is the only way the Speaker knows that

the Message has been received. The
Response is, of course, based on the
Interpretation of the Message by the
Listener.
 h.
Noise
-is any barrier to communication. It could
be:
a.physical noise-actual noise (loud music or
the irritating engine of a motorcycle)
b.physiological noise-when the body
becomes a hindrance to good
communication
c. psychological noise-occurs when one is
thinking deeply or suffering from an
emotional condition
 i. Communicative
Situation/Context
-has two components:
a.physical location-is usually
chosen for the purpose it
serve.
b.psychological setting-depends
on the participants.
Five Elements of
Communication
(Verbal and Non-Verbal)
Process of Communication
1.The speaker generates an idea.
2.The speaker encodes an idea or converts the
idea into words or actions.
3.The speaker transmits or sends out a message.
4.The receiver gets the message.
5.The receiver decodes or interprets the message
based on the context.
6.The receiver sends or provides feedback.
 Verbal
Communication
The sharing of
information between
individuals by using
speech.
Non-Verbal Communication
-describes the process of conveying meaning in
the form of non-word messages.
 a.
Paralanguage

-the “how” of
saying something
b. Language of
flowers

-the use of flowers based

on the meaning of each
type of flower
c. Language of
colors

-the use of colors

based on the
meaning of each
color
d. Language of
time
(Chronemics)

-the use of time

based on position
or power
e. Language of
space
(Proxemics)

-the use of space to

show importance
f. Language of
touch
(Haptics)

-the use of touch to

express what cannot
be said
g. Language of
gestures
1.Emphasizing- “YES!” (fist
pounding the table)
2.Regulating- “shh”
(forefinger in front of lips)
3.Illustrating- “this large”
(hands set apart)
4.Emblems- clenched fist
upraised
 h. Facial
expression

-the configuration of eyes,

eyebrows, lips, cheeks,
nose, and forehead to
show how the person feels
i. Posture and
personal
appearance

-the way one carries

and dresses oneself
 Explaining the
Dimensions of
Communication
Miscommunication
-is brought about by the lack of
awareness of the dimensions of
communication, especially those
influenced by culture and gender.
 Communication runs
along four pairs of
dimensions: verbal and
nonverbal, oral and
written, formal and
informal, and intentional
and unintentional.
 a. Verbal/Nonverbal Dimensions
encompass the use of language, the
words chosen (Verbal Dimension) and the
facial expressions, and the gestures and
bodily movement used Nonverbal
Dimension). Verbal and nonverbal
dimensions must be used together to
clearly impart the message. A
misunderstanding may happen when
b. Oral/Written Dimensions mean spoken
dimension (Oral Dimension) and the
transcription of thoughts and ideas
(Written Dimension). While the Verbal
Dimension talks of the use of language
and the choice of words to convey a
written Message, the Oral Dimension
imparts the Message following the
Principles of Delivery. The Written
Dimension takes care of putting down
the words while the Oral Dimension
takes care of delivering those words
 c. Formal/Informal Dimensions
speak of the factors that may or
may not highlight traditional and
conventional communication. The
Formal Dimension usually means
the meticulous observation of
appropriateness in dress, language,
and setting, while the Informal
Dimension is the opposite. That is,
it uses a more casual approach with
 d. Intentional and
Unintentional Dimensions rely
on the fact that Messages
always have a Purpose. There
is an intention when people
communicate with others.
Seven C’s of an Effective
Communication
1.Completeness
2.Conciseness
3.Consideration
4.Concreteness
5.Courtesy
6.Clearness
7.Correctness
 Intercultural
Communication
-is the exchange of concepts,
tradition, values and
practices between and among
people of different
nationalities and ways of life.
The Developmental Model of
Intercultural Sensitivity
Stage 1: Denial
Stage 2: Defense
Stage 3: Minimization
Stage 4: Acceptance
Stage 5: Adaptation
Stage 6: Integration
 Socio-cultural
Dimensions of
Communication
Situation
Elaborating on the Influence of
Culture on the Dimensions of
Communication
Elaborating on the Influence of
Gender on the Dimensions of
Communication
Elaborating on the Influence of
Age on the Dimensions of
Communication
 Elaborating on the Influence of
Social Status on the Dimensions of
Communication

Elaborating on the Influence of

Religion on the Dimensions of
Communication
 Principles of
Communication
*Communication Is Integrated into All Parts of Our
Lives

1.Academic/s
2.Professional
3.Personal
4.Civic
Communication
Ethics
Communication Ethics
Ethics-a set of moral principles;
deals with values relating to human
conduct, with respect to the
rightness and wrongness of certain
actions and to the goodness and
badness of the motives and ends of
such actions.
Communication Ethics
-the principle governing
communication, the right and
wrong aspects of it, the moral-
immoral dimensions relevant to
interpersonal communication are
called the ethics of Interpersonal
Communication.
1.Maintaining the correct balance between
speaking and listening
2.The legitimacy of fear and emotional
appeal
3.Degree of criticism and praise
4.A death or an overdose of either the
factors could result in unfavorable
consequences.
5.The principle of honesty on both sides
should be complete because any amount
of insincerity from either the Listener or
the Speaker would not be prudent.
 Fundamentals of Ethical
Communication
1.Responsible thinking
2.Decision making
3.Development of relationships and
communities
• Contexts
• Cultures
• Channels
• Media
 Unethical
Communication
-threatens the quality of all
communication and
consequently the well-being
of the individuals and the
society.
 Principles of Ethical
Communication
1.Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and
reason as essential to the integrity of
communication.
2.Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of
perspective, and tolerance of dissent to
achieve the informed and responsible decision
making fundamental to a civil society.
3.Strive to understand and respect other
communicators before evaluating and
responding to their messages.
4. Promote access to communication resources
and opportunities as necessary to fulfill human
potential and contribute to the well-being of
families, communities, and society.
5. Promote communication climates of caring
and mutual understanding that respect the
unique needs and characteristics of individual
communicators.
6. Condemn communication that degrades
individuals and humanity through distortion,
intimidation, coercion, and violence, and
through the expression of intolerance and
hatred.
 Ethical
Frameworks
 Deontological
Ethics
-the most frequented basics of our
decision making process, expressing
a commitment to the most basic
principles
-It is regarded as universal, always
applicable whatever the
circumstance is.
• We follow these rules since we think
of them as duties.
Utilitarian Ethics
-focuses on the results and
whether
or not it would benefit the
majority
 Virtue Ethics
-concerned with moral character
and places more weight or value
on the dignity of an individual and
a humanity’s task of caring for
one another
-it emphasizes character as
opposed to duty or consequence
 Situational or Contextual
Ethics
• There is no absolute approach
to situations , each situation
should be addressed as
different from each other.
• Every problem should be
evaluated in its particular
context or situation.