LIGHT DETECTION

AND
RANGING(LIDAR)

BY:- T.E (BaTch B)

 INTRODUCTION
What is LIDAR ?
 Remote sensing technology
 Uses much shorter wavelength of EM spectrum
 Measures properties of scattered light
 Measures time delay between transmitted and reflected
signals
 Highly sensitive to aerosols and cloud particles
General Description
LIDAR vs RADAR
LIDAR uses much shorter wavelength of
UV,visible and near IR range
LIDAR is highly sensitive to non-metallic
objects
LIDAR has very narrow beam which
produces high resolution
 LIDAR TYPES

 RAYLEIGH LIDAR
 MIE LIDAR
CATTERING :-
 RAMAN LIDAR
 BASED ON BACKSOTHER TYPES:-

 COHERENT LIDAR(PHASE SENSITIVE)

 INCOHERENT LIDAR(AMPLITUDE
MEASUREMENT)
TECHNOLOGIES USED

They are:-
 Lasers
 Global Positioning System(GPS)
Integration Of three technologies to produce Digital Elevation
Models(DEM)
 Inertial Navigation System(INS)
 WORKING
LASER PRODUCES OPTICAL PULSE
PULSE IS TRANSMITTED , REFLECTED AND RETURNED TO THE RECEIVER
RECEIVERS ACCURATELY MEASURES THE TRAVEL TIME
X,Y,Z GROUND COORDINATES CAN BE CALCULATED USING:-
 LASER RANGE
 LASER SCAN ANGLE
 LASER POSITION FROM GPS
 LASER ORIENTATION FROM INS
 COMPONENTS
LASER:
 600-1000NM LASERS USED FOR NON-SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION
 INEXPENSIVE
 EASILY ABSORBED BY EYE
 1500NM LASERS

 LESS ADVANCED, LONGER RANGE , LOWER

ACCURACY
 EYE SAFE AT MUCH HIGHER POWER LEVEL
 USED IN MILITARY APPLICATION
SCANNER
 USED TO SCAN THE OBJECTS , AZIMUTH AND ELEVATION
 USES :-
 DUAL OSCILLATING PLANE MIRROR
 COMBINATION OF POLYGON MIRROR
 DUAL AXIS SCANNER
OPTICS
 THEY AFFECT ANGULAR RESOLUTION AND RANGE
 TO COLLECT RETURN SIGNAL IT USES :-
 HOLE MIRROR
 BEAM SPLITTER
PHOTO DETECTOR AND RECEIVER ELECTRONIC
 SOLID STATE PHOTO DETECTORS
 SILICON AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES

POSITION AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEIVER
 INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT(IMU)
 APPLICATIONS
LIDAR-EQUIPPED MOBILE ROBOT
 USED FOR CONSTRUCTING MAP AND AVOID OBSTACLE
ARCHAEOLOGY
CREATES HIGH RESOLUTION DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS
AIDING IN PLANNING OF FIELD CAMPAIGNS AND FOREST CANOPY
PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF BROAD CONTINUOUS INDISTINGUISHABLE
FEATURE

GEOLOGY
AIRCRAFT BASED LIDAR
 DETECT FAULT AND MEASURE UPLIFT
 MONITORS GLACIERS
METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC
ENVIRONMENT
USED FOR STUDIES OF ATMOSPHERICS CONDITIONS , STRUCTURES ,
CLOUDS AND AEROSOLS.
USED FOR MEASUREMENT OF ATM. GAS
USED FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OF ATM. GASES
MEASURES WIND SPEED
PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
MEASURE THE DISTANCE TO REFLECTORS PLACED ON THE MOON
USED IN MARS-ORBITING SATELLITE TO PRODUCE PRECISE GLOBAL
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF MARS
USED TO DETECT SNOW IN MARS ATMOSPHERE
USED TO MEASURE MOLECULAR DENSITY
MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
USED IN TRAFFIC SPEED ENFORCEMENT FOR VEHICLE SPEED
MEASUREMENT
USES THE PRINCIPLE OF TIME OF FLIGHT TO CALCULATE SPEED
ABLE TO FIND THE VEHICLE SPEED FROM CLUSTER TRAFFIC
SITUATION
HIGHER RESOLUTION SYSTEM COLLECT DETAIL TO IDENTIFY TARGETS
(TANKS)
 LIDAR DATA
WHAT CAN WE DO WITH LIDAR ?
MEASURE DISTANCE
MEASURE SPEED
MEASURE ROTATION
MEASURE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CONCENTRATION
 CAPTURE OF ELEVATION POINTS
COLLECTS ONLY ELEVATION DATA
GPS ANTENNA IS MOUNTED ON
UPPER FUSELAGE
GPS SENSORS RECORDS THE DATA
DATA ARE DOWNLOADED AND
PROCESSED
X,Y,Z COORDINATES ARE FOUND
 OTHER APPLICATIONS
FLOOD RISK MAPPING
QUICKEST AND MOST ACCURATE METHOD TO MEASURE DEM
EASY FLOOD PREDICTION AND PLAN MITIGATION AND REMEDIATION
STRATEGIES
OIL & GAS EXPLORATION SURVEYS
PROVIDE HIGH SPEED DATA ACQUISITION AND LIMIT GROUND
INTERVENTION
DONE USING EITHER A FIXED WING OR HELICOPTER MOUNTED
LIDAR SYSTEM
ENGINEERING/CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
USING DEM CUT AND FILL QUANTITIES CAN BE
MORE PRECISELY ESTIMATED
TIME DELAY BETWEEN DATA ACQUISITION AND
DELIVERY IS VERY LESS
AIR BOURN LIDAR PROVIDE A COST EFFECTIVE AND
QUICK SURVEYS FOR REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
TRANSMISSION LINE MAPPING
CALCULATING POWER LINE HEIGHTS OR SAG UNDER DIFFERENT
LOADS
 INVENTORY
 TOWER PLACEMENT
 HEIGHT OF UNDERLYING VEGETATION
 SHOALS-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
UNDERSEA CABLE ROUTING
WRECK DETECTION
CHARTING AND SAFETY ISSUES
 CONCLUSION
IT HAS ALLOWED DATA TO BE COLLECTED THAT WAS DIFFICULT OR
IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTAIN PRIOR TO ITS INTRODUCTION.
DATA COLLECTION AND ITS PROCESSING IS RELATIVELY FAST
LIDAR SAVES CLIENTS MONEY
LIDAR OFFERS FLEXIBILITY
LIDAR IS UNOBTRUSIVE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
 REFERENCES
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
WWW.LIDAR.COM
WWW.AMBERCORE.COM
WWW.GISDEVELOPMENT.NET
WWW.LIDARMAP.ORG
WWW.VELODYNE.COM/LIDAR/
THANK YOU