SOLUSI PERSAMAAN DIFFERENSIAL

PARSIAL DENGAN METODE BEDA

HINGGA
9.1. Sistem Koordinat Ruang
Dalam sistem koordinat ruang dapat dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu :
 Koordinat Kartesian
Fungsi dibentuk dengan f(x,y,z,t)

z
Cube
Fungsi dibentuk dengan f(r,,h,t)

x


z
Sphere Coordinat
Fungsi dibentuk dengan f(r,, ,t)

x


z
9.2.Diskretisasi Numerik Skema
Eksplisit
 Kasus 1 Dimensi

 2u u
PDP = 
x 2 t

BC u (0, t )  0 (Boundary Condition)

u (1, t )  0.8

IC u ( x,0)  0.4 (Initial Condition)

u ( x, t )  ?

u u in1  u in
t 1 = dimana ; h  x
x h
 2u u in1  2u in  u in1
t  t =
x 2 h2

u u in 1  u in
x  x = dimana ; k  t
t k

u in1  2u in  u in1 u in 1  u in
2
= 
h k

bila
k

h 2

u in1  2 u in  u in1  u in 1  u in

u in 1  u in1  (2   1)u in  u in1

  2u u in1  2u in  u in1
t  t =
 Contoh
x Kasus 1 Dimensi
2
h2

u u in 1  u in
x  x 2
 u
= u dimana ; k  t
PDP t = k
x 2
t

u in1  2uuin(0, tu) in10 u in 1(Boundary

 u in
BC
=  Condition)
h 2u (1, t )  0.8 k
IC bila u ( x,0)  0.4 (Initial Condition)
k
u ( x, t )  ? :
Pertanyaan 
h 2
Hitunglah U(x,t) pada t =n 0 sampai t =0.01 dengan ∆t=0.001 dan x= 0
 u
sampai x=1t dengan u  u n
i dan  =1
=∆x =i 1 0.1,
dimana ; h  x
uinx1  2 u in  u in1h u in 1  u in
1

u in 1  u in1  (2   1)u in  u in1

Β = k/h2  =0.001/(0.1)^2 x1 = 0.1

0 1
0.5

U in 1  0.1U in1  0.8U in  0.1U in1

t \ x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0 0.0000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.8000
0.001 0.0000 0.3600 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4400 0.8000
0.002 0.0000 0.3280 0.3960 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4040 0.4720 0.8000
0.003 0.0000 0.3020 0.3896 0.3996 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4004 0.4104 0.4980 0.8000
0.004 0.0000 0.2806 0.3818 0.3986 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4014 0.4182 0.5194 0.8000
0.005 0.0000 0.2626 0.3734 0.3971 0.3998 0.4000 0.4002 0.4029 0.4266 0.5374 0.8000
0.006 0.0000 0.2474 0.3647 0.3950 0.3996 0.4000 0.4004 0.4050 0.4353 0.5526 0.8000
0.007 0.0000 0.2344 0.3560 0.3924 0.3992 0.4000 0.4008 0.4076 0.4440 0.5656 0.8000
0.008 0.0000 0.2231 0.3475 0.3895 0.3986 0.4000 0.4014 0.4105 0.4525 0.5769 0.8000
0.009 0.0000 0.2133 0.3392 0.3862 0.3978 0.4000 0.4022 0.4138 0.4608 0.5867 0.8000
0.01 0.0000 0.2045 0.3313 0.3826 0.3969 0.4000 0.4031 0.4174 0.4687 0.5955 0.8000
 0.9000

t=0
0.8000
t = 0.001
t = 0.002
0.7000
t = 0.003
t = 0.004
0.6000
t = 0.005
t = 0.006
0.5000
U(x,t)

t = 0.007
t = 0.008
0.4000
t = 0.009
t = 0.01
0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X
9.3.Diskretisasi Numerik Skema
Implisit
Kasus 1 dimensi

 2u uin11  2uin1  uin11

t  t  t =
x 2 h2

u u in 1  u in
x  x =
t k
 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
u  2u u u u n
i 1 i
2
i 1
=  i i

h k
k
bila 
h
2

u n 1
i 1  (2   1)u n 1
i  u n 1
i 1  u n
i
Contoh 1 dimensi - implisit
 2u u
PDP = 
x 2 t

BC u (0, t )  0 (Boundary Condition)

u (1, t )  0.8

IC u ( x,0)  0.4 (Initial Condition)

u ( x, t ) : ?
Pertanyaan
Hitunglah U(x,t) pada t = 0 sampai t =0.005 dengan ∆t=0.001 dan x= 0
sampai x=1 dengan
u ∆x = 0.20,
u n  dan
un =1
i 1
t 1 = i
dimana ; h  x
x h
0 1 2 3 4 5

n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
u  2u u u u n
i 1 i
2
i 1
=  i i

h k
k
bila  
h  2

u in11  (2   1)u in 1  u in11  u in

u  (2  1)u  u  u
1
0
1
1
1
2
0
1

u  (2  1)u  u  u
1
1
1
2
1
3
0
2

u  (2  1)u  u  u
1
2
1
3
1
4
0
3

u  (2  1)u  u  u
1
3
1
4
1
5
0
4
Contoh :

1 2 3 4 5

 2(   1)u11  u 12 =  u10  u 01

u11  (2   1)u 12  u 31 =  u 20

u 12  (2   1)u 31  u 14 =  u 30

u 31  (2   1)u 14 =  u 40  u 51
 n+1 n BC

 (2   1)  0 0 u1 u1  u 0

  (2   1)  0 u2 u2 0
= - +
0   (2   1)  u3 u3 0

0 0   (2   1) u4 u4  u 5
 n+1 n BC

 (2   1)  0 0  U1  U1   U 0 
  - (2   1)  0  U  U  
0 
   2    2    
 0  - (2  1)   U 3  U 3   0 
      
 0 0  - (2   1)  U 4  U 4     U 5

B = 0.001/((0.2^2) x 1) = 0.025

 1.05 0.025 0 0  U1  0.4  0 

 0.025 - 1.05 0.025 0  U  0.4  0 
   2       
 0 0.025 - 1.05 0.025  U 3  0.4  0 
      
 0 0 0.025 - 1.05  U 4  0.4  0.02
t \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
0.001 0 0.3905 0.3998 0.4002 0.4095 0.8
0.002 0 0.3814 0.3994 0.4006 0.4186 0.8
0.003 0 0.3727 0.3988 0.4012 0.4273 0.8
0.004 0 0.3644 0.3980 0.4020 0.4356 0.8
0.005 0 0.3565 0.3972 0.4028 0.4435 0.8
 0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

t=0
0.5 t = 0.001
t = 0.002
U

t = 0.003
0.4 t = 0.004
t = 0.005

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X
Kasus 2 Dimensi
 2u  2u u
PDP + = 
x 2
y 2
t

BC u (0, y, t )  0
u (1, y, t )  0.8
u ( x,0, t )  0
u ( x,1, t )  0.6

IC u ( x, y,0)  0.4

u ( x, y , t ) = ?
 n
 u
2 t t u n
i 1, j  2u n
u i 1, j
h  x
i, j
=
x 2 y y h 2

 u
2 t t ui ,nj 1  2uin, j  uin, j 1
= l  y
y 2 y y l 2

u t t uin, j 1  uin, j
= k  t
t y y k
 n
u n
i 1, j  2u n
 ui 1, j uni , j 1  2uin, j  uin, j 1 uin, j 1  uin, j
= 
i, j
2
+ 2
h l k

k
bila h  l, 
h 2

n
u n
i 1, j  u n
i 1, j  (4  1)u n
i, j  ui , j 1 βuin, j 1  uin, j 1
u(1,1)1  u(0,1) 0  u(2,1) 0  (4  1)u(1,1) 0  u(1,0) 0  u(1,2) 0

u(2,1)1  u(1,1) 0  u(3,1) 0  (4  1)u(2,1) 0  u(2,0) 0  u(2,2) 0

u(3,1)1  u(2,1) 0  u(4,1) 0  (4  1)u(3,1) 0  u(3,0) 0  u(3,2) 0

u(1,2)1  u(0,2) 0  u(2,2) 0  (4  1)u(1,2) 0  u(1,1) 0  u(1,3) 0

u(2,2)1  u(1,2) 0  u(3,2) 0  (4  1)u(2,2) 0  u(2,1) 0  u(2,3) 0

u(3,2)1  u(2,2) 0  u(4,2) 0  (4  1)u(3,2) 0  u(3,1) 0  u(3,3) 0

u(1,3)1  u(0,3) 0  u(2,3) 0  (4  1)u(1,3) 0  u(1,2) 0  u(1,4) 0

u(2,3)1  u(1,3) 0  u(3,3) 0  (4  1)u(2,3) 0  u(2,2) 0  u(2,4) 0

u(3,3)1  u(2,3) 0  u(4,3) 0  (4  1)u(3,3) 0  u(3,2) 0  u(3,4) 0

Contoh kasus 2 Dimensi
 2u  2u u
PDP + = 
x 2
y 2
t

BC u (0, y , t )  0
u (1, y , t )  0.8
u ( x,0, t )  0
u ( x,1, t )  0.6

IC u ( x, y ,0)  0.4

u ( x, y , t ) = ?
Pertanyaan :
Hitunglah U(x,t) pada t = 0 sampai t =0.01 dengan ∆t=0.001 dan x= 0
sampai x=1 dengan ∆x dan ∆y = 0.2, dan  =1
 h

n
u n
i 1, j  u n
i 1, j  (4  1)u n
i, j  ui , j 1  uin, j 1  uin, j 1
Β = k/h2  =0.001/(0.2)^2 1 = 0.025

U in, j 1  0.025U in1, j  0.025U in1, j  0.9U in, j  0.025U in, j 1  0.025U in, j 1
t=0
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
0.4 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
0.6 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
0.8 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

t = 0.001
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.4 0.8
0.4 0 0.39 0.4 0.4 0.41 0.8
0.6 0 0.39 0.4 0.4 0.41 0.8
0.8 0 0.395 0.405 0.405 0.415 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
t = 0.002
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.3615 0.38025 0.38075 0.4 0.8
0.4 0 0.38025 0.3995 0.4 0.41925 0.8
0.6 0 0.380625 0.399875 0.400375 0.419625 0.8
0.8 0 0.390375 0.4095 0.41 0.428875 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

t = 0.003
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.344363 0.370769 0.372181 0.4 0.8
0.4 0 0.370766 0.398559 0.399997 0.427816 0.8
0.6 0 0.371825 0.399638 0.401075 0.428875 0.8
0.8 0 0.386091 0.413556 0.414969 0.441728 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
t = 0.004
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.328465 0.361569 0.364232 0.4 0.8
0.4 0 0.361558 0.397233 0.399988 0.435756 0.8
0.6 0 0.363555 0.399299 0.402054 0.437753 0.8
0.8 0 0.382116 0.417218 0.419881 0.453651 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

t = 0.005
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.313696 0.352661 0.356848 0.4 0.8
0.4 0 0.352633 0.39557 0.399971 0.443124 0.8
0.6 0 0.355774 0.398871 0.403272 0.446264 0.8
0.8 0 0.378424 0.420529 0.424716 0.464727 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
t = 0.006
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.299959 0.344048 0.349979 0.399999 0.8
0.4 0 0.343996 0.393616 0.399944 0.449967 0.8
0.6 0 0.348445 0.398362 0.40469 0.454416 0.8
0.8 0 0.374989 0.423526 0.429457 0.475029 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

t = 0.007
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.287164 0.335732 0.343581 0.399998 0.8
0.4 0 0.335647 0.391413 0.399906 0.45633 0.8
0.6 0 0.341534 0.397783 0.406276 0.462216 0.8
0.8 0 0.371789 0.426244 0.434093 0.484623 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
t = 0.008
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.275232 0.327712 0.337614 0.399996 0.8
0.4 0 0.327585 0.388999 0.399856 0.46225 0.8
0.6 0 0.335011 0.397141 0.407998 0.469676 0.8
0.8 0 0.368805 0.428711 0.438612 0.493568 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

t = 0.009
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.264091 0.319987 0.332041 0.399993 0.8
0.4 0 0.319807 0.386406 0.399791 0.467763 0.8
0.6 0 0.328848 0.396445 0.409831 0.476803 0.8
0.8 0 0.366017 0.430954 0.443008 0.501919 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
t = 0.01
y \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8
0.2 0 0.253677 0.312552 0.326832 0.399989 0.8
0.4 0 0.31231 0.383666 0.399713 0.472901 0.8
0.6 0 0.32302 0.395702 0.411749 0.483611 0.8
0.8 0 0.363411 0.432995 0.447275 0.509722 0.8
1 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
Kasus 2 Dimensi

 u 2 t  t  t uin11, j  2uin, j 1  uin11, j

= h  x
x 2 y y h 2

 2u t  t  t uin, j 11  2uin, j 1  uin, j 11

= l  y
y 2 x x l 2

u x x uin, j 1  uin, j
= k  t
t y y k
uin11, j  2uin, j 1  uin11, j uin, j 11  2uin, j 1  uin, j 11 uin, j 1  uin, j
2
+ 2
= 
h l k

k
bila h  l, 
h 2

uin11, j  uin11, j  (4  1)uin, j 1  uin, j 11  uin, j 11  uin, j

Contoh kasus 2 Dimensi
 2u  2u u
PDP + = 
x 2
y 2
t

BC u (0, y , t )  0
u (1, y , t )  0.8
u ( x,0, t )  0
u ( x,1, t )  0.6

IC u ( x, y ,0)  0.4

u ( x, y , t ) = ?
Pertanyaan :
Hitunglah U(x,t) pada t = 0 sampai t =0.01 dengan ∆t=0.001 dan x= 0
sampai x=1 dengan ∆x dan ∆y = 0.25, dan  =1
 uin11, j  2uin, j 1  uin11, j uin, j 11  2uin, j 1  uin, j 11 uin, j 1  uin, j
2
+ 2
= 
h l k

k
bila h  l, 
h 2

U inn11,1j  U inn11,j1 (4  1)U in, j 1 n1U in, j 11n1U in, j 1n11 U in, jn
ui 1, j  ui 1, j  (4  1)ui , j  ui , j 1  ui , j 1  ui , j
 0.6 0.6 0.6
0 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3)
0.8
0 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3)
0.8
0 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3)
0.8
0 0 0

U in11,j  U in11, j  (4  1)U in, j 1  U in, j 11  U in, j 11  U in, j
U 0n,11  U 2n,11  (4  1)U1n,11  U1n,01  U1n, 21  U1n,1
U 0n,21  U 2n,21  (4  1)U1n, 21  U1n,11  U1n,31  U1n, 2
U 0n,31  U 2n,31  (4  1)U1n,31  U1n, 21  U1n, 41  U1n,3
U1n,11  U 3n,11  (4  1)U 2n,11  U 2n,01  U 2n,21  U 2n,1
U1n, 21  U 3n,21  (4  1)U 2n,21  U 2n,11  U 2n,31  U 2n, 2
U1n,31  U 3n,31  (4  1)U 2n,31  U 2n,21  U 2n,41  U 2n,3

U 2n,11  U 4n,11  (4  1)U 3n,11  U 3n,01  U 3n,21  U 3n,1

U 2n,21  U 4n,21  (4  1)U 3n,21  U 3n,11  U 3n,31  U 3n, 2
U 2n,31  U 4n,31  (4  1)U 3n,31  U 3n,21  U 3n,41  U 3n,3
 (4   1)U1n,11  U1n, 21  0  U 2n,11 0 0 0 0 0  U1n,1  U 0n,11  U1n, 01
U1n,11 - (4  1)U1n, 21  U1n,31  0  U 2n,21 0 0 0 0  U1n, 2  U 0n,21
0  U1n, 21  (4  1)U1n,31  0  0  U 2n,31 0 0 0  U1n,3  U 0n,31  U1n, 41
U1n,11  0 0  (4   1)U 2n,11  U 2n,21  0  U 3n,11 0 0  U 2n,1  U 2n,01
0 0 U1n, 21  0  U 2n,11  (4  1)U 2n,21  U 2n,31 0  U 3n,21 0  U 2n, 2
0  0  U1n,31  0  U 2n,21  (4   1)U 2n,31  0  0  U 3n,31  U 2n,3  U 2n,41
0 0  0  U 2n,11  0 0  (4   1)U 3n,11  U 3n,21 0  U 3n,1  U 4n,11  U 3n,01
0  0  0  0  U 2n,21  0  U 3n,11  (4   1)U 3n,21  U 3n,31  U 3n, 2  U 4n,21
0  0  0  0  0  U 2n,31  0  U 3n,21  (4   1)U 3n,31  U 3n,3  U 3n,41  U 4n,31

k 0.001
   0.016
h 2 2
(0.25 )1
 n+1 n
U1,1  0.4
0.936 0.016 0 0.016 0 0 0 0 0     
0.016 0.936 0.016 0 0.016 0 0 0 0  U1, 2  0.4 
  U   
0 0.016 0.936 0 0 0.016 0 0 0   1,3  0.4 - 0.8
  U 2,1  0.4 
0.016 0 0 0.936 0 0 0.016 0 0     
0 0.016 0 0.016 0.936 0.016 0 0.016 0  U 2, 2   0.4 
  U  0.4 - 0.8
0 0 0.016 0 0.016 0.936 0 0 0.016
 2,3   
0 0 0 0.016 0 0 0.936 0.016 0  U 3,1  0.4 
    0.4 
0 0 0 0 0.016 0 0.016 0.936 0.016
U 3, 2   
0 0.016 0.936 
U  0.4 - 0.8
 0 0 0 0 0.016 0
 3, 3 