SOLUSI PERSAMAAN DIFFERENSIAL

PARSIAL DENGAN METODE BEDA

HINGGA
9.1. Sistem Koordinat Ruang
Dalam sistem koordinat ruang dapat dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu :
➢ Koordinat Kartesian
Fungsi dibentuk dengan f(x,y,z,t)

z
➢Cube
Fungsi dibentuk dengan f(r,,h,t)

x


z
➢Sphere Coordinat
Fungsi dibentuk dengan f(r,, ,t)

x


z
9.2.Diskretisasi Numerik Skema
Eksplisit
➢ Kasus 1 Dimensi

 2u u
PDP = 
x 2 t

BC u (0, t ) = 0 (Boundary Condition)

u (1, t ) = 0.8

IC u ( x,0) = 0.4 (Initial Condition)

u ( x, t ) = ?

u u in+1 − u in
t =1 = dimana ; h = x
x h
 2u u in−1 − 2u in + u in+1
t = t =
x 2 h2

u u in +1 − u in
x = x = dimana ; k = t
t k

u in−1 − 2u in + u in+1 u in +1 − u in
2
= 
h k

bila
k
=
h 2

uin−1 − 2uin + uin+1 = uin+1 − uin

uin+1 = uin−1 − (2 − 1)uin + uin+1

  2u u in−1 − 2u in + u in+1
t = t =
➢ Contoh
x Kasus 1 Dimensi
2
h2

u u in +1 − u in
x = x 2
 u
= u dimana ; k = t
PDP t = k
x
2
t

u in−1 − 2uuin(0+, tu) in=+10 u in +1(Boundary

− u in
BC
=  Condition)
h 2u(1, t ) = 0.8 k
IC bila u ( x,0) = 0.4 (Initial Condition)
k
u ( x, t ) = ? :
Pertanyaan =
h 2
Hitunglah U(x,t) pada t =n 0 sampai t =0.01 dengan ∆t=0.001 dan x= 0
 u
sampai x=1t =dengan u − u n
i dan  =1
=∆x =i +1 0.1,
dimana ; h = x
uin−x1 − 2uin + uin+1h= uin+1 − uin
1

uin+1 = uin−1 − (2 − 1)uin + uin+1

Β = k/h2  =0.001/(0.1)^2 x1 = 0.1

0 1
0.5

U in+1 = 0.1U in−1 + 0.8U in + 0.1U in+1

t \ x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
0 0.0000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.8000
0.001 0.0000 0.3600 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4400 0.8000
0.002 0.0000 0.3280 0.3960 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4040 0.4720 0.8000
0.003 0.0000 0.3020 0.3896 0.3996 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4004 0.4104 0.4980 0.8000
0.004 0.0000 0.2806 0.3818 0.3986 0.4000 0.4000 0.4000 0.4014 0.4182 0.5194 0.8000
0.005 0.0000 0.2626 0.3734 0.3971 0.3998 0.4000 0.4002 0.4029 0.4266 0.5374 0.8000
0.006 0.0000 0.2474 0.3647 0.3950 0.3996 0.4000 0.4004 0.4050 0.4353 0.5526 0.8000
0.007 0.0000 0.2344 0.3560 0.3924 0.3992 0.4000 0.4008 0.4076 0.4440 0.5656 0.8000
0.008 0.0000 0.2231 0.3475 0.3895 0.3986 0.4000 0.4014 0.4105 0.4525 0.5769 0.8000
0.009 0.0000 0.2133 0.3392 0.3862 0.3978 0.4000 0.4022 0.4138 0.4608 0.5867 0.8000
0.01 0.0000 0.2045 0.3313 0.3826 0.3969 0.4000 0.4031 0.4174 0.4687 0.5955 0.8000
 0.9000

t=0
0.8000
t = 0.001
t = 0.002
0.7000
t = 0.003
t = 0.004
0.6000
t = 0.005
t = 0.006
0.5000
U(x,t)

t = 0.007
t = 0.008
0.4000
t = 0.009
t = 0.01
0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X
9.3.Diskretisasi Numerik Skema
Implisit
➢Kasus 1 dimensi

 2u u in−+11 − 2u in +1 + u in++11
t = t + t =
x 2 h2

u u in +1 − u in
x = x =
t k
 n +1 n +1 n +1 n +1
u − 2u +u u −u n
i −1 i
2
i +1
=  i i

h k
k
bila =
h
2

u n +1
i −1 − (2 − 1)u n +1
i + u n +1
i +1 = −u n
i
Contoh 1 dimensi - implisit
 2u u
PDP = 
x 2 t

BC u (0, t ) = 0 (Boundary Condition)

u(1, t ) = 0.8

IC u ( x,0) = 0.4 (Initial Condition)

u ( x, t ) =: ?
Pertanyaan
Hitunglah U(x,t) pada t = 0 sampai t =0.005 dengan ∆t=0.001 dan x= 0
sampai x=1 dengan
u u n − dan
∆x = 0.20, un =1
i +1
t =1 = i
dimana ; h = x
x h
0 1 2 3 4 5

n +1 n +1 n +1 n +1
u − 2u +u u −u n
i −1 i
2
i +1
=  i i

h k
k
bila  =
h  2

uin−+11 − (2 − 1)uin+1 + uin++11 = −uin

u − (2 − 1)u + u = −u
1
0
1
1
1
2
0
1

u − (2 − 1)u + u = −u
1
1
1
2
1
3
0
2

u − (2 − 1)u + u = −u
1
2
1
3
1
4
0
3

u − (2 − 1)u + u = −u
1
3
1
4
1
5
0
4
Contoh :

1 2 3 4 5

− 2(  + 1)u11 + u 12 = − u10 − u 01

u11 − (2 + 1)u 12 + u31 = − u 20

u 12 − (2 + 1)u31 + u 14 = − u30

u31 − (2 + 1)u 14 = − u 40 − u51

 n+1 n BC

− (2  + 1)  0 0 u1 u1 − u 0

 − (2  + 1)  0 u2 u2 0
= - +
0  − (2  + 1)  u3 u3 0

0 0  − (2  + 1) u4 u4 − u5
 n+1 n BC

− (2  + 1)  0 0  U1  U1  − U 0 
  - (2  + 1)  0  U  U  
0 
   2  = − 2  +  
 0  - (2 + 1)   U 3  U 3   0 
      
 0 0  - (2  + 1)  U 4  U 4   −  U 5

B = 0.001/((0.2^2) x 1) = 0.025

− 1.05 0.025 0 0  U1  0.4  0 

 0.025 - 1.05 0.025 0  U  0.4  0 
   2  = −  +  
 0 0.025 - 1.05 0.025  U 3  0.4  0 
      
 0 0 0.025 - 1.05  U 4    
0. 4 − 0.02 
t \ x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8
0.001 0 0.3905 0.3998 0.4002 0.4095 0.8
0.002 0 0.3814 0.3994 0.4006 0.4186 0.8
0.003 0 0.3727 0.3988 0.4012 0.4273 0.8
0.004 0 0.3644 0.3980 0.4020 0.4356 0.8
0.005 0 0.3565 0.3972 0.4028 0.4435 0.8
 0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

t=0
0.5 t = 0.001
t = 0.002
U

t = 0.003
0.4 t = 0.004
t = 0.005

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X
Selesai