What have you notice in a

campaign period during

election?
WHAT IS A CONCEPT
PAPER?
• A summary document that includes
the project reasons for conducting
the project and how it will be carried
out.
• It provides an overview of the
project and helps funding agencies
eliminate proposals that are likely to
be disapproved.
WHAT ARE THE USES
OF CONCEPT PAPER?
• It serves as a foundation
of the full proposal.
• It helps determine
whether a certain project
is feasible.
• It is used to obtain informal
feedback on the ideas prior to
preparing the full proposal.
• It is use to pique the interest
of the potential funding
agencies.
 THREE WAYS IN
EXPLAINING A CONCEPT
1. Definition
2. Explication
3. Clarification
DEFINITION
It is a method of identifying a given
term and making its meaning clearer.
It main purpose is to clarify and
explain concepts, ideas, and issues by
answering the question, “What does
it mean?”
 3 WAYS ON HOW TO
PRESENT A DEFINITION
1. Informal- done through a
parenthetical or brief explanation.
Example: Tocopherol (Vitamin E) is
naturally found in vegetable oil, fish and
nuts.
2. Formal- explain the term by
incorporating the term to be defined
(species), the general category of the term
different from (genus) and the quality that
makes them different from other terms in
the same category (differentia).
Example: Vitamin E is a light yellow, fat
soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant.
3. Extend- is a detailed way of defining a
term and is usually composed of at least
one paragraph. It also incorporates various
patterns of development (e.g., formal and
informal definition, comparison and
contrast, narration, description,
classification, process, analogy, and cause
and effect) to explain a given concept.
Example: Subsequent to materials
design is the preparation of learning
materials. Learning materials refer to
both printed and non-printed objects
or items that teachers and learners use
to facilitate language learning.
Nowadays, materials are becoming
more and more sophisticated,
incorporating authentic language samples
and realias that help make a connection
between classrooms and real-life
activities. They also incorporate
information and communication
technology (ICT), role-plays, information-
gap activities, songs, taped transcripts,
integrated macro skills, and explicit
rubrics.
 The following signal words will also help
you in writing this kind of text.

SIGNAL WORDS FOR DEFINITION

as defined for instance means to define

for example is defined as such as to illustrate

EXPLICATION
It is a method of explanation in which
sentences, verses, quotes or passages are
taken from a literary or academic work and
then interpreted and explain in a detailed
way. When using this technique, you need
to clearly present your thesis in the
introduction and follow it up with a
detailed analysis of a passage or text.
You may begin the body of the
explication by analyzing and
explaining how the text was
constructed. Your explication
should end with a concise
conclusion by restating your thesis
and major arguments.
 THE ROAD NOT TAKEN
Two roads diverged in a yellow
wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I
could
To where it bent in the
undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as
fair,
And having perhaps the better
claim,
Because it was grassy and
wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing
there
Had worn them really about the
same,
And both that morning I shall be telling this with
equally lay a sigh
In leaves no step had Somewhere ages and
trodden black.
ages hence:
Oh, I kept the first for
another day! Two roads diverged in a
wood, and
Yet knowing how way
leads on to way,
I took the one less
I doubted if I should ever traveled by,
come back.
And that has made all the
difference.
Explication of “The Road Not Taken”
The poem titled “The Road Not Taken”
by Robert Frost is about a man reflecting
on a choice he once made. While the
outcome of this choice is not implied to be
positive or negative the speaker notes that
the choice in itself and the consequences
of that choice have made a huge
differences in the way his life has unfolded.
 The poem is about the
importance of choices. The poem
begins with the speaker regretting
that he could not have been two
people so he could not have at
some point in his life taken two
roads instead of being confined to
one.
He looked as far as he could to see what
was ahead on one of the roads he could
have taken, but he was limited to seeing
only as far as where it turned and
disappeared in the bushes. In the second
stanza he says he took the other road
because it was grassy and was possibly
better because it was less travelled, though
not much more than the other road.
The third stanza says both roads
were covered in leaves that had
been walked on infrequently, to
the extent that the leaves covering
them had not been made black
from tramping feet. He also says he
continued on the road he chose,
and because he knew that one thing
leads to another he doubted he would
ever return to this part of the road.
Finally, he says he will tell the story
when he is much older that he had the
choice of taking one road over
another, and having taken the one he
did made a big difference in his life.
CLARIFICATION
It is a method of explanation in which the
points are organized from a general
abstract idea to specific and concrete
examples. It entails the analysis of the
concept by looking at the examples and
specifying some of its characteristics to
arrive at one working definition which can
be used throughout the paper.
SIGNAL WORDS FOR CLARIFICATION
after all for instance namely that is

as an example in other put another to be

words way specific
consider the in particular specifically to clarify
following
for example in short stated to
differently illustrate