EXPLANATION ABOUT VOLCANIC ERUPTION

• Nickolas MCC
• Rani
• Eka Afifah
• Atika Sekarini
UNDERSTANDING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ARE EVENTS THAT OCCUR DUE TO DEPOSITS OF MAGMA IN

THE BOWELS OF THE EARTH WHICH ARE PUSHED OUT BY HIGH-PRESSURE GAS.

VOLCANIC ASH, OFTEN REFERRED TO AS VOLCANIC SAND OR FALLING PYROCLASTIC IS A

FALLING VOLCANIC MATERIAL WHICH IS SPRAYED INTO THE AIR DURING AN ERUPTION,
CONSISTING OF LARGE TO FINE-SIZED ROCKS.LARGE ROCKS (LUMPS) USUALLY FALL
AROUND THE CRATER TO A RADIUS OF 5-7 KM FROM THE CRATER, AND THE FINE-SIZED
ONES CAN FALL AT A DISTANCE OF HUNDREDS OF KILOMETERS OR EVEN THOUSANDS OF
KILOMETERS FROM THE CRATER BECAUSE IT CAN BE AFFECTED BY THE GUSTS OF WIND.

SMOOTH ASH CAN CAUSE PNEUMONIA IF INHALED. FOR EXAMPLE, THE ERUPTION OF
MOUNT KRAKATOA IN 1883 CIRCLED THE EARTH FOR DAYS, ALSO THE ERUPTION OF G.
GALUNGGUNG IN 1982 COULD REACH AUSTRALIA. VOLCANIC ASH CAN BE USED AS A
POZOLAN MATERIAL BECAUSE IT CONTAINS SILICA AND ALUMUNIA ELEMENTS SO THAT IT
CAN REDUCE THE USE OF CEMENT AS A BUILDING MATERIAL. VOLCANIC ASH CAN ALSO
FERTILIZE THE SOIL AROUND THE MOUNTAIN.
 CAUSE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 1. Watch out status
On alert status, the activity of magma from within the earth is known from the
rise in temperature of the crater and the presence of volcanic earthquake vibrations.
This very high magma temperature will approach the plug which causes the water to
heat up. This heating process will also probably be followed by fractures due to the
pressure of the magma, this fracture will very likely cause the lake to leak. This lake
leakage certainly causes the lake's water to become steam under the crater which
will also add pressure from the inside.
 2. Early hydrovolcanic eruptions
As a result, the amount of water that has leaked into it has been very much
likely to cause eruptions due to boiling water. This eruption is often referred to as
hidrovulkanik eruptions, this eruption will indeed be found in many volcanoes in the
sea, such as Mount Krakatoa, and volcanoes in the hawai, very likely what happened
at this time was an eruption. Initial eruption due to this process. It is very possible to
hear booms and wall avalanches if the pressure of the magma continues to push, the
eruption process will continue into the next process.
 IMPACT OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 Positive Impacts on Business and Economy:
 · Increase the fertility of the area around Merapi, so that there can be overgrown with trees and can be used for
agriculture in the next few years
 · Can be used as a tourist attraction for domestic tourists and foreign tourists after the eruption of Mount Merapi
 · The eruption (sand) can be used as livelihoods such as sand mining and artwork from cold lava deposits.
 · Volcanic activity can produce geothermal or geothermal energy which is very useful in everyday life

 Negative Impacts on Business and Economy:

 · Damaging the settlements around the disaster
 · Causing forest fires (Merapi disaster)
 · Trees and plants that are planted by many local residents wither, even die from volcanic dust, as well as many
livestock that die from the eruption of Mount Merapi
 · Cause crop failure
 · Death of infrastructure
 · The cessation of people's livelihood activities around the disaste
 TYPE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
Stromboli Type Eruption
This type of eruption is specific, ie eruptions occur at intervals or periods that are almost the same. Stromboli volcano in the
Lipari Islands eruption time is ± 12 minutes. So, every 12 minutes there is an eruption which spews material, bombs, lapilli and ash.
Examples of stromboli volcanoes are Mount Vesuvius (Italy) and Mount Raung (Java).
Volcanic Type Eruption
This type of eruption emits solid material, such as bombs, ash, lapilli, and solid and liquid materials or lava. This type of
eruption is based on the strength of the eruption and the depth of the magma kitchen. Examples: Mount Vesuvius and Etna in Italy,
and Mount Semeru in East Java.
Eruption of Merapi Type
This type of eruption emits thick lava so that it clogs the mouth of the crater. As a result, the gas pressure gets stronger and
breaks the lava blockage. The broken plug is pushed up and finally thrown out. This material goes down the mountain slope as a
ladu or gloedlawine. In addition, there is also a hot cloud (gloedwolk) or often called wedhus gembel. Merapi type eruptions are very
dangerous for residents around them.
Perret or Plinian Type Eruptions
This type of eruption is very dangerous and very damaging to the environment. The material thrown at this type of eruption
reached a height of about 80 km. This type of eruption can throw a crater or break into a mountain peak, so the crater wall sags.
Example: Mount Krakatau which erupted in 1883 and St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980.
Pelee Type Eruption
This type of eruption usually occurs if there is a blockage of the crater at the top of the volcano which is shaped like a
needle, causing gas pressure to increase. If the blockage of the crater is not strong, the mountain erupts
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