COMPACTION

AND
STABILIZATION
COMPACTION
The process by which the pressure on buried solid material cause
the material to stick together and changed to rock.
The exertion of force on something so that it become more dense.
Whether the soil is used as foundation material to support vertical
structures, roads or other structures it is important to know if the in
place materials possesses the following properties:

1. That, the soil must have adequate strength.

2. The soil must be relatively incompressible to avoid insignificant future
settlement.
3. The soil must be stable against volume change as water content or other
factors vary.
4. The soil must be durable and save against deterioration.
5. The soil must possess proper permeability.
 These desirable features could be achieved with compacted fill of
the selected types of soil properly placed and arranged.
 Any type of soil may be used for structure fill but make sure that it
does not contain organic or foreign materials that will decompose
or otherwise undergo changes after it is placed.
 If the your fill has water content it may affect on its stability and
in the process of compaction.
 Generally, compacted silt is stable however it is difficult to
compact if wet or if work is performed on rainy period.
 Compacted clay has very low permeability, an advantage of
where movement of water need to be restricted.
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION
1. The pneumatic or rubber tired rollers.
2. The drum type roller with projecting feet or logs called the
sheep’s foot roller.
3. Vibratory compactors.
4. Smooth drum rollers.
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION
THE PNEAUMATIC OR RUBBER TIRE ROLLERS
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION
 The Pneumatic Tire roller
o Can be used effectively on all types of soils. It compacted by
kneading available as self propelled unit or as towed units. Load sizes
vary from 20 tons to 200 tons of which, 50 tons is commonly used.
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION
LIGHT ROLLERS
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 Light Rollers
o 20 tons type can compact 6 inches thick layer with few passes. The
40 to 50 tons roller can compacted 12 inches thick layer with 3 to 4
passes. The heavy 200 tons type was proven to compact 18 inches
thick with limited number of passes.
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 THE SHEEP’S FEET ROLLER

EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 THE SHEEP’S FEET ROLLER

o It is limited to cohesive soil soils. Its pressure from 700 kN/m² to
4,200 kN/m².
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 THE VIBRATORY COMPACTORS

EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 The Vibratory Compactor

o Is the most effective compactor on non-cohesive soils available as:
1. Vibrating drum type.
2. Vibrating pneumatic tire.
3. Vibrating plate equipment.
o On some vibratory compactors, the vibrating frequency can be varied
by operation. The frequency ranges between 1500 and 2500 cycles
per minute that is within the natural frequencies of most soil.
EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 THE SMOOTH DRUM ROLLER

EQUIPMENT OF COMPACTION

 The smooth Drum Roller

o Has limited depth of compaction. This is not suited for compacting
earthfill due to the size of the drum and large soil contact. This type
can be utilized for compacting limited thickness such as granular
base course on highways and the like.
o It can be used on earth moving projects to seal the surface of the fill
at the end of each workday providing smooth surface for the water to
rapidly run-off from work area.