RADIOLOGICAL

ANATOMY OF THE
FACIAL MASSIVE
Variations in Size, Number
and Shape of Teeth

Catedra de Radiologie și Imagistică Medicală

 Teeth Development
(Odontogenesis)
1. Primordio (Proliferation)
2. Cell differentiation (Histodifferentiation)
3. Histogenesis (Morphodifferentiation and
mineralization)
1. Primordio (Cell Proliferation)
2. Cell differentiation
(Histodifferentiation)
 3. Histogenesis
(Morphodifferentiation and
mineralization)
 Amelogenesis
moneralisation of prisma
Dentinogenesis
dentin formation
 Root formation
Incisors - 2 years
First Molar - 4 years
Second Molar and canine - 5 years

Beginning of root resorption over 3 years

after formation
 The order of the eruption of
permanent teeth
• Arcada superioara(maxilar)
• molarul 1 – 6 ani
• incisivul central – 7 ani
• incisivul lateral – 8 ani
• premolarul 1 – 9 ani
• premolarul 2 – 10 ani
• caninul – 11 ani
• molarul 2 – 12 ani.
 The order of the eruption of
permanent teeth
• Arcada inferioara(mandibula)
• molarul 1 – 6 ani
• incisivul central – 6 ani
• incisivul lateral – 8 ani
• caninul – 9 ani
• premolarul 1 – 10 ani
• premolarul 2 – 11 ani
• molarul 2 – 12 ani
 Radiological anatomy of the teeth
Cement: 50% of mineral
substances. It appears
as a very thin layer on
the root surface. It
cannot always be
highlighted on a
radiographic image
Pulp space consists of soft
tissue. It appears
radiotransparent. It
extends from the inside
of the crown to the tip
of the root.
 Radiological anatomy of the teeth: support
structures
Periodontal ligament space. It
is made of collagen. It
appears as a radio-
transparent space between
the root and the hard
lamina. It is slightly thinner
in the middle of the root and
wider towards the apex
Lamina dura: a radio-opaque
layer of dense bone that is
thicker than the neighboring
trabecular bone
 Radiological anatomy of the teeth: support
structures
Alveolar ridge:
radioopac. The
standard is counted if
≤ 1.5 mm of package
Alveolar bone
(trabecular, spongy)
radioopac
Radiological anatomy of the teeth
 Radiological anatomy of the teeth

Sutura intermaxilaris Foramen incisalis

 Radiological anatomy of the teeth

Shadow of soft tissue Ductus nasolacrimalis

 Radiological anatomy of the teeth
The inferior border of the Nutritional channels
maxillary sinus
 Radiological anatomy of the teeth

Procesus zygomaticus Foramen linguale

 Radiological anatomy of the teeth
Foramen mentale The mandibular canal
 Size

MACRODONTIA
•the teeth are larger
than normal
MACRODONTIA
MACRODONTIA
 Size

MICRODONTIA
•the teeth are smaller
thannormal
MICRODONTIA
MICRODONTIA
MICRODONTIA
MICRODONTIA
 Number
SUPERNUMERARY
TEETH
•Supernumerary teeth
are those that develop
in addition to the
normal complement.
 Number
SUPERNUMERARY
TEETH Synonyms
•supplemental teeth
•distodens, mesiodens,
peridens, parateeth,
distomolar teeth
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
 Number
MISSING TEETH
The expression of
developmentally missing teeth:
• absence of one or a few teeth
(hypodontia),
• absence of numerous teeth
(oligodontia),
• the failure of all teeth to develop
(anodontia)
MISSING TEETH
MISSING TEETH
MISSING TEETH
MISSING TEETH
 TRANSPOSITION

Transposition is the
condition in which two
teeth have exchanged
positions
 TRANSPOSITION

bilateral transposition of the maxillary canines

and first bicuspids
ALTERED MORPHOLOGY OF TEETH

FUSION (Synodontia)
•Fusion of teeth results
from the combining of
adjacent tooth germs,
resulting in union of the
developing teeth
FUSION
FUSION
FUSION
FUSION
FUSION
FUSION
FUSION
ALTERED MORPHOLOGY OF TEETH

CONCRESCENCE
•Concrescence occurs
when the roots of two
or more teeth are
united by cementum
CONCRESCENCE
CONCRESCENCE
CONCRESCENCE
CONCRESCENCE
CONCRESCENCE
ALTERED MORPHOLOGY OF TEETH

GEMINATION
•Gemination is a rare
anomaly that arises
when the tooth bud of
a single tooth attempts
to divide
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
GEMINATION
Shape:Extra Cusps
Shape:Extra Cusps
Shape:Extra Cusps
Shape:Extra Cusps
Shape:Extra Cusps
 Shape:Extra Roots

Extra roots (or extra root

canals) in this context
means more than the
number that are
traditionally considered to
be the correct number
 Shape:Extra Roots

1. Extra roots
2. Extra root canals
 Shape:Extra Roots

1. Extra roots
2. Extra root canals
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
Shape:Extra Roots
 DENS IN DENTE

•Dens in dente results

from an infolding of
the outer surface into
the interior of a tooth
 DENS IN DENTE

Synonyms
•Dens invaginatus,
dilated odontome,
gestant odontome
DENS IN DENTE
DENS IN DENTE
DENS IN DENTE
DENS IN DENTE
 Invagination
Dilated odontoma
Invagination
(and dilatation) from the
root surface of a tooth
Invagination:Dilated odontoma
Invagination:Dilated odontoma
Invagination:Dilated odontoma
Invagination:Dilated odontoma
Invagination:Dilated odontoma
Invagination:Dilated odontoma
 AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Amelogenesis
imperfecta
• developmental
disturbance that
interferes with normal
enamel formation
AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Shape: Dentin Abnormalities
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
 Dentinogenesis imperfecta
developmental disturbance
primarily of the dentin
• constriction in tne cervical
portion of the root,
• a bulbous crown,
• short roots,
• reduced size of the pulp
chamber and root canals
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
 DENTIN DYSPLASIA
• type I (radicular) –
alterations of the
appearance of the roots
• type II (coronal) –
the altered shape of the
pulp chambers
DENTIN DYSPLASIA
REGIONAL ODONTODYSPLASIA
(Odontogenesis imperfecta)

a relatively rare
condition in which
both enamel and
dentin are hypoplastic
and hypocalcified
REGIONAL ODONTODYSPLASIA
REGIONAL ODONTODYSPLASIA
Shape: Dilacerations
 Dilaceration

disturbance in tooth
formation that
produces a sharp
bend or curve in the
tooth
Dilaceration
Dilaceration
Dilaceration
Dilaceration
 TAURODONTISM

• Taurodont teeth have longitudinally enlarged

pulp chambers.
• The crown is of normal shape and size, but the
body is elongated and the roots are short.
• The pulp chamber extends from a normal
position in the crown throughout the length of
the extended body, leading to an increased
distance between the cementoenamel junction
and the furcation.
TAURODONTISM
TAURODONTISM
 Cementum Abnormalities

Hypercementosis
excessive deposition
of cementum on the
tooth roots
Hypercementosis
Hypercementosis
Hypercementosis
Hypercementosis
Hypercementosis
Hypercementosis
Periapical Cemento-osseous
Dysplasia
ENAMEL PEARL
PULP STONES