Actions and Data Required Before The Kill

Actions and Data Required
Before the Kill

SIDPP SICP
Shut in data
• SIDPP - Shut In Drillpipe Pressure

• SICP - Shut In Casing Pressure
• PIT GAIN
• SIDPP - Tells you how much the formation

pressure is greater than mud hydrostatic in
drillpipe. (Underbalance in String)
• SICP - Tells you how much the formation

pressure is greater than hydrostatic in the
annulus. (Underbalance in Annulus)
• PIT GAIN - size of influx at shut in

Pressure stabilisation
TIME SIDPP SICP
1. 100 400
2. 200 600
3. 300 800
4. 350 850
5. 400 900
6. 450 950
7. 500 1000
8. 500 1000
9. 500 1000
10. 500 1000
SIDPP
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0 Stabilisation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
minutes
What Effects Shut in Pressures
What Effects Shut in Pressures
How long for shut in pressure
to stabilise? FAST
900 700
Pressure
PSI PSI
Time
HIGH LOW SLOW

PERMEABILITY PERMEABILITY
Pressure
Time
Shut in Horizontal well
Influx
Height {
Little or No loss in Hydrostatic

Gas Circulated into
Vertical Section
Influx
Height {
Influx
Height {
Shut In Pressures - Gas
in Horizontal Section
Casing
Drillpipe
Influx
Height {
Shut In Pressures- Gas
in Vertical Section
Casing
Drillpipe
Influx
Height
Gas migration
• Gas is lighter than the mud and
will try to migrate up the hole.
• The speed of migration will
depend on;
– mud properties- weight and viscosity
– hole angle
• The gas cannot expand so will
carry Formation Pressure upwards
causing ;
SICP to increase
BHP to increase
SIDPP to increase (if no Float)
How Can You See Gas migration
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600 Stabilisation
400
200
0
Time
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
Shut In Pressure
1000
800
pressure
600
400
200
0
Time
Gas migration - how to deal with it
500 600 500
Well shut in - stabilised Gas migrates - SIDPP increases Bleed mud through choke, allowing
gas to expand, keeping SIDPP at
original value
Float in drill string
Zero SIDPP How to find SIDPP

0
- Pump slowly down drillpipe and watch
600
build up
- Correct SIDPP is as soon as SICP starts
to increase
SIDPP SICP
600
500
Time Time
Circulating system
(Slow Circulation Rate)
Circulating system
• Circulating out a kick With Slow Rate.

• Why?
– minimize annular pressure loss
– reaction time when manipulating choke
– mud mixing
– limitations of surface lines & MGS
– mud pump maximum pressure limit
• What pump rate do we use?
Normally 2 - 5 barrels per minute
Circulating system
• How?
– Bit just off bottom
– use drill pipe gauge on choke panel
– rotate?
• When?
– At beginning of every shift
– mud property changes
– every 500 feet
– bit, BHA etc. changes
Circulating system
What factors determine the SPM chosen to kill the well
•Maximum pressure the pump can handle
•Ability to mix kill mud
•Size of choke and choke line
•Viscosity of the mud

Circulating system
• What will the APL be at 30 spm?
APL100SPM  200 psi
2
 30 
APL30SPM  200   
 100 
APL30SPM  18 psi
\ WE CAN NORMALLY IGNORE APL
AT THE SLOW CIRCULATING RATE
Fractures and MAASP
Formation tests
• Leak Off Tests

PSI PSI
Formation Integrity
Tests
Leak off tests
PSI Purpose
• To measure the fracture
pressure of the formation at
the shoe
• To test the cement job
ACCURATE FORMATION
STRENGTH (LEAK OFF TEST)
1-DRILL OUT THE CASING SHOE AND APPROXIMATELY
15 FEET IN NEW FORMATION (RAT HOLE).
2-TEST SURFACE LINES.
3-CIRCULATE TO GET UNIFORM MUD IN THE HOLE

MUT IN = MUD OUT.
4-EXACT VERTICAL DEPTH (TVD) OF CASING SHOE.
5-USE CEMENT PUMP.
6-ACCURATE PRESSURE GAUGE.
7-RECORD MUD VOLUME PUMPED TILL LEAK-OFF

STARTS.
HOW IS FORMATION STRENGTH
MEASURED?
1/ LEAK OFF TEST (L.O.T)
MEASURED?
Pump Pressure
FRACTURE PRESSURE
= MUD psi + L.O.T. psi
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Pump Pressure
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Pump Pressure TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Pump Pressure Point of Leak Off TREND LINE
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Point of Leak Off TREND LINE
Leak Off
Pressure
Pump Pressure
Volume Pumped
MEASURED?
Point of Leak Off TREND LINE
Leak Off
Pressure
Pump Pressure
FRACTURE PRESSURE
= MUD psi + L.O.T. psi
Volume Pumped
Fracture pressure
PFRAC = (MWHOLE x TVDSHOE x0.052) + PLOT
Maximum mud weight
MWMAX = (PLOT  TVDSHOE  0.052) + MWHOLE

MAASP
• Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure
• Definition
– the surface pressure, above mud hydrostatic which will
cause the formation at the shoe to take mud (losses)
• MAASP versus LOT
– just after the LOT, the LOT pressure is the MAASP
• As the mud weight increases, the MAASP will
decrease
MAASP
Calculation
MAASP = (MWMAX - MWHOLE) x TVDSHOE x 0.052

PRINCIPLES OF
KILL METHODS
PRINCIPLE OF KILL METHOD
RESTORE PRIMARY CONTROL
HOW?
CLEAN OUT INFLUX
REPLACE OLD MUD WITH KILL MUD
ALL THE TIME
MAINTAIN CORRECT BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE.
HOW?
USE INDUSTRY APPROVED KILL METHOD
ONE THAT MAINTAINS CORRECT AND CONSTANT

BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE
BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE
• PRESSURE EXERTED ON THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLE.
BHP = MUD HYDROSTATIC

+
BACK PRESSURE HELD AT REMOTE CHOKE
+
ANNULAR PRESSURE LOSS (APL)
• MOST TIMES APL IS SMALL AND CAN BE IGNORED.

ROLE OF CHOKE
• THE CHOKE (REMOTE OR MANUAL) IS A DEVICE

FOR ADJUSTING BACK PRESSURE.
• A KICK IS DUE TO LACK OF MUD HYDROSTATIC.
• THE CHOKE PROVIDES A BACK PRESSURE TO

COMPENSATE FOR LACK OF MUD HYDROSTATIC.
• WHEN HEAVY MUD IS PUMPED THE OPERATOR

REDUCES BACK PRESSURE.
START UP PROCEDURE
• THIS PROCEDURE STARTS THE KILL CORRECTLY.
• IT ENSURES THAT BHP IS CORRECT FOR THE

KILL.
• IF CARRIED OUT CORRECTLY IT WILL GIVE YOU

THE TRUE CIRCULATING PRESSURE.
HOW?
BRING PUMP UP TO SPEED HOLDING CASING

PRESSURE CONSTANT.
KILLING METHODS
Wait and weight method
• One circulation
• Kill mud pumped at the same time as the influx is
removed
Wait and weight
500
900
method
0 SPM Single circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate,
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate,switch to drill pipe
Mud wt pressure
KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
10 ppg 11 ppg I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
800
900
method
CONSTANT
Mud wt pressure
KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
700
950
method
CONSTANT
pressure
Mud wt KMW • Drill pipe pressure should be
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR • Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
as kill mud is pumped to the bit
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
500
1000
method
CONSTANT
pressure
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
400
1100
method
CONSTANT
pressure
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1100
method
CONSTANT
pressure
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1300
method
CONSTANT
pressure
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1500
method
CONSTANT
pressure
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
1000
method
CONSTANT
pressure
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
30 spm ICP = 800
to
300 psi FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
• Hold FCP until kill mud reaches surface
TVD 10000’
Wait and weight
330
0
method
• Bring pump to kill rate, HOLDING
CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500 = 800 psi
• Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
ICP = 800
to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
• Hold FCP until kill mud reaches surface
• When kill mud at the surface SICP will
be ZERO.
Wait and weight
0
0
method
• Bring pump to kill rate, HOLDING
CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
pressure
• Drill pipe pressure should be
I.C.P. = SCRP + SIDPP
= 300 + 500 = 800 psi
• Allow drill pipe pressure to fall.
from ICP = 800 to
FCP = 300 x 11 = 330 psi
10
• Hold FCP until kill mud reaches
surface
• When kill mud at the surface SICP will
be ZERO.
• When pump shut off Both pressures
will be ZERO
Wait and weight method
• Single circulation
• Circulate mud as soon as available, following step down.
Drillpipe Pressure Casing Pressure
1500
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Stks x 100
Drillers method
Drillers method
2 circulations
• First circulation to remove influx
• Second circulation to circulate kill mud

500 Drillers method
900
0 SPM
Well is Shut In
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10,000’
500 Drillers method
900
30 SPM
First circulation
• Bring pump to kill rate, opening choke
CONSTANT
• Once at kill rate, look at drill pipe pressure
Mud wt
10 ppg
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
900
30 SPM
First circulation
CONSTANT
• Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of the
Mud wt SCR and SIDPP.
E.g. =ICP
10 ppg
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
SCR
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
1000
30 SPM
First circulation
HOLDING CASING PRESSURE CONSTANT
SCR and SIDPP.
Mud wt E.g.
10 ppg = 300 + 500
= 800 psi
• Hold this pressure constant until the influx is
removed.
• Casing pressure will continue to INCREASE
SCR because of gas expansion.
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
1500
30 SPM
First circulation
SCR and SIDPP.
Mud wt E.g.
10 ppg = 300 + 500
= 800 psi
removed
• Casing pressure will continue to INCREASE
SCR and INCREASE because of gas expansion.
30 spm
300 psi
TVD 10000’
800 Drillers method
500
30 SPM
First circulation
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
removed
• Casing pressure will decrease as gas is
pumped through the choke, and finally will be
equal to SIDPP when all gas is pumped out of
the well.
• Shut down HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
500 Drillers method
500
0 SPM
End of first circulation
SCR and SIDPP.
E.g.
= 300 + 500
= 800 psi
removed
• Shut down HOLDING CASING PRESSURE
CONSTANT
• SICP should equal original SIDPP
THINGS TO WATCH FOR
• FOLLOWING A CHOKE ADJUSTMENT THE DRILLPIPE
GAUGE TAKES LONGER TO REACT DUE TO LENGTH
OF SYSTEM
• KILL MUD ONLY DOES GOOD WHEN GOING

DOWNHOLE. THEREFORE RE-ZERO STROKE
COUNTER
• CALCULATED ICP IS ONLY A GUIDELINE. ACTUAL

(TRUE) ICP IS SEEN AT START UP
• IF ACTUAL ICP IS DIFFERENT THEN RECALCULATE

GRAPH OR STEP DOWN
Gas behaviour
• Gas expands as it is circulated up the hole
• Gas expansion reduces hydrostatic
• Casing (back) pressure increases to compensate for reduction in
hydrostatic
• If kill is carried out correctly;
Pressure at any point above gas influx will be increasing
GAS As gas passes then pressure drops
Pressure at any point below gas influx will be constant

Differences between methods
Wait and weight
method
30 SPM
• Kill mud pumped from start

• If kill mud enters the annulus
before the gas reaches the
shoe:-
– will result in lower casing shoe
pressure than Drillers Method
Drillers method
30 SPM
• Kill mud not pumped until

influx removed
• Casing shoe pressure will be
higher than Wait and Weight
Wait and weight
method
30 SPM
• Kill mud pumped from start

• If the gas reaches the shoe
before the kill mud enters the
annulus:-
– Will result in the same shoe
pressure as the Drillers Method
Drillers Wait and Weight
If the drill string volume is less than the open hole

volume, the Wait and Weight method will result in
lower casing shoe pressures
Drillers Wait and Weight
In all cases the wait and weight method will result

in lower surface pressures
INFLUX SIZE v’s SHOE
PRESSURE
SICP
SICP
300 600
psi
10 ppg 10 ppg
psi
2900 3200
5000 ft 5000 ft
psi psi
SHOE SHOE
PRESSURE PRESSURE
INFLUX
Casing shoe pressure
• Shoe is assumed to be the weak point
• Pressure on shoe at shut in
= Mud hydrostatic + SICP
• Bigger the influx
the bigger the SICP
the bigger the shoe pressure
• If SICP exceeds MAASP at shut in then formation will break
down.
KEEP KICKS SMALL
SHUT IN EARLY
Problems during well control
operations
Well control problem Drillpipe Casing BHP
Choke plugging
Choke washout
Nozzle plugging
String washout
CHANGING PUMP SPEED
KILLING A WELL
40 SPM
900 psi DRILL PIPE PRESSURE
IF SPM WAS INCREASED TO 50 AND DRILL

PIPE PRESSURE HELD AT 900 psi
? WHAT HAPPENS TO BHP?
INC DEC STAY SAME

Volumetric and stripping
operations
STRIPPING
Non Return
Valve
psi
Volume to Bleed
= Closed end Displacement
psi
Casing Pressure rises as

you strip into bubble
By how much approx???

VOLUMETRIC
• - WHEN OFF BOTTOM
- WHEN OUT OF HOLE
- WHEN BIT PLUGGED
• STEPS
CHOOSE SAFETY FACTOR
CHOOSE WORKING PRESSURE
e.g. - 100 psi
CALCULATE WORKING VOLUME in bbls
ANNULAR VOLUME is at SURFACE PIPE

Actions and Data Required Before The Kill

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Actions and Data Required Before The Kill

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Actions and Data Required

Before the Kill

• SIDPP - Shut In Drillpipe Pressure

• SIDPP - Tells you how much the formation

• SICP - Tells you how much the formation

• PIT GAIN - size of influx at shut in

HIGH LOW SLOW

Little or No loss in Hydrostatic

Zero SIDPP How to find SIDPP

• Circulating out a kick With Slow Rate.

What factors determine the SPM chosen to kill the well

•Maximum pressure the pump can handle

•Ability to mix kill mud

•Size of choke and choke line

•Viscosity of the mud

• Leak Off Tests

2-TEST SURFACE LINES.

3-CIRCULATE TO GET UNIFORM MUD IN THE HOLE

5-USE CEMENT PUMP.

6-ACCURATE PRESSURE GAUGE.

7-RECORD MUD VOLUME PUMPED TILL LEAK-OFF

PFRAC = (MWHOLE x TVDSHOE x0.052) + PLOT

Maximum mud weight

MWMAX = (PLOT  TVDSHOE  0.052) + MWHOLE

MAASP = (MWMAX - MWHOLE) x TVDSHOE x 0.052

ONE THAT MAINTAINS CORRECT AND CONSTANT

• PRESSURE EXERTED ON THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLE.

BHP = MUD HYDROSTATIC

• MOST TIMES APL IS SMALL AND CAN BE IGNORED.

• THE CHOKE (REMOTE OR MANUAL) IS A DEVICE

• A KICK IS DUE TO LACK OF MUD HYDROSTATIC.

• THE CHOKE PROVIDES A BACK PRESSURE TO

• WHEN HEAVY MUD IS PUMPED THE OPERATOR

• THIS PROCEDURE STARTS THE KILL CORRECTLY.

• IT ENSURES THAT BHP IS CORRECT FOR THE

• IF CARRIED OUT CORRECTLY IT WILL GIVE YOU

BRING PUMP UP TO SPEED HOLDING CASING

• First circulation to remove influx

• Second circulation to circulate kill mud

• KILL MUD ONLY DOES GOOD WHEN GOING

• CALCULATED ICP IS ONLY A GUIDELINE. ACTUAL

• IF ACTUAL ICP IS DIFFERENT THEN RECALCULATE

Pressure at any point above gas influx will be increasing

GAS As gas passes then pressure drops

Pressure at any point below gas influx will be constant

• Kill mud pumped from start

• Kill mud not pumped until

• Kill mud pumped from start

If the drill string volume is less than the open hole

In all cases the wait and weight method will result

IF SPM WAS INCREASED TO 50 AND DRILL

? WHAT HAPPENS TO BHP?

INC DEC STAY SAME

Casing Pressure rises as

By how much approx???

ANNULAR VOLUME is at SURFACE PIPE

You might also like