THE LEG

PGI CHARO YVES MARIANO

THE LEG

• Tibia
-the weight-bearing medial bone of the leg
-has the patellar tuberosity which the patellar
ligmament inserts
-has the medial and lateral condyles that
articulate with the condyles of the femur
• Fibula
-has little or no function for weight
bearing but serves as an attachment for
muscles
-has a head that provides attachment for
the fibular collateral ligament of the knee joint
ANATOMY
ANATOMY
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Tibialis Anterior
O: Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia
and interosseous membrane

I: Medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base of

1st metatarsal

NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Action: Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O: Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial
surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

I: Middle and distal phallanges of lateral four digits

NS: Deep Fibular nerve (L4,L5)

A: Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankles

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Extensor Hallucis longus

O: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and

interosseus membrane

I: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phallanx of great toe

NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

A: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Fibularis Tertius

O: Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and

interosseous membrane

I: Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

A: Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of the foot

LATERAL COMPARTMENT

Fibularis brevis

O:Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of

the 5th metatarsal

NS: Superficial sibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
Gastrocnemius
O: (Lateral head) Lateral aspect of lateral condyle
of femur
(Medial Head): Medial surface of femur; superior to
medial condyle

I: Posterior surface of the calcaneous via the

calcaneal tendon

NS: Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

A: Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended;

raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint
SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
Soleus

O: Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of

posterior surface of the fibula; soleal line and middle
third of mideal border of the tibia; and tendinous arch
extending between the bony attachment

II: Posterior surface of the calcaneous via the

calcaneal tendon

NS: Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

A: Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of

knee; steadies leg on foot
SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Plantatris
O: Inferior end of the lateral supracondylar line of femur;
oblique popliteal ligament

I: Posterior surface of the calcaneous via the calcaneal

tendon

NS: Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

A: Weakly assists grastocnemius in plantarflexing the

ankle
DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Popliteus
O: Lateral surace of lateral condyle of the femur and
lateral meniscus

I: Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal

line

NS: Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

A: Weakly flexes knee and unocks it by rotating the

femur 5° on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of
unplanted limb
DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Flexor hallucis longus

O: Inferior 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula; inferior part of
the interosseous membrane

I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe

NS: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

A: Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle;

supports medial longitudinal arch of the foot
DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Flexor Digitorum Longus

O: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to
soleal line;

I: Bases of the distal phalanges of the four lateral

digits

NS: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

A: Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle;

supports longitudinal arches of the foor
DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Tibialis posterior
O: Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior
to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula

I: Tuberosity of the cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali

of calcaneous; bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals

NS: Tibial Nerve (L4, L5)

A: Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot

RADIOLOGY
• Typical imaging views include AP and Laetral views
• Images should include the entire length of the tibia from the tibial plateau to the
ankle joint
TRAUMA: 1.Tibial Plateau Fractures
TRAUMA 2. Proximal Third Tibia Fracture
TRAUMA: 3. Tibia Shaft Fractures
4. Tibial Plafond Fractures
TUMORS

Osteochondroma
-the cortex of the bone sticks out on a stalk
and has a mushroom like shape
-usually arises near a joint
-more often asymptomatic
-malignant transformation should be
suspected if there is enlargement associated
with pain without a history of trauma
Osteoid osteoma
-occurs along the cortex of a bone
-has a central lucency with a little sclerotic
nidus within it
-typically painful
THANK YOU!!