Lipids, membrane and

transport molecule across

the membrane
Triacylglycerols Provide Stored Energy and Insulation

(a) Cross section of four guinea pig adipocytes

(b) Cross section of a
cotyledon cell from a
seed of the plant
Arabidopsis.

Triacylglycerols are also

stored as oils in the seeds
of many types of plants,
providing energy and
biosynthetic precursors
during seed germination
Fatty acid composition of
three food fats
Read the label before eating
 Membrane Lipids

- The central architectural feature of biological membranes is a

double layer of lipids, which acts as a barrier to the passage of
polar molecules and ions

- Membrane lipids are amphipathic: one end of the molecule is

hydrophobic, the other hydrophilic.
Some common types of storage and membrane lipids
L-Glycerol 3-phosphate, the backbone of phospholipids
Glycerophospholipids
Glycerophospholipids.
Three glycolipids of chloroplast thylakoid membranes
A typical membrane lipid of archaea
Sphingolipids
Glycosphingolipids as determinants of blood groups
Cholesterol
 Steroids derived from cholesterol

the male sex hormone female sex hormones

Produced inthe adrenal gland

a growth regulator
found in vascular
plants
Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the inner
and outer monolayers of the erythrocyte plasma membrane
Peripheral, integral, and amphitropic proteins
Integral membrane proteins
Bacteriorhodopsin, a membrane-spanning protein
Tyr and Trp residues of membrane proteins clustering
at the water-lipid interface
Membrane proteins with β-barrel structure
Lipid-linked membrane proteins
Motion of single
phospholipids in a bilayer
 Protein transport

Biological membrane is a semipermeable membrane, also

termed a selectively permeable membrane, a partially
permeable membrane or a differentially permeable
membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or
ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized
"facilitated diffusion".

Due to biological membrane character and metabolits caracter,

metabolit transport across the membrane can be classified into
two groups : PASIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORTS
Permeable membrane

In semipermeable membrane

C1 is not always end up at the

same concentration with C2
Transports across the semipermeable membrane
Summary of transport types
Three general classes of transport systems
Model of glucose transport into erythrocytes by GLUT1
Transport of glucose into a myocyte by GLUT4 is regulated
by insulin
The role of insulin
cotransport system
Coenzyme Q

FAD+ FADH2
Heme in cytochrome
Electron transfer system
ATP synthesis