Arthropods

What is Entomology?
The study of insects
(and their near relatives).

What are insects

(and near relatives)?
Insects and their relatives are
ARTHROPODS.
Review of Zoological Nomenclature
(classifying & naming)

Taxonomic Categories
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Genus & species
Review of Zoological Nomenclature

Taxonomic Categories

Kingdom - Animalae
Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Insecta
Order - Coleoptera
Family - Scarabaeidae
Genus - Popillia
Genus & species
Popillia japonica Newman
Characteristics of the Phylum
Arthropoda
The segmented bodies are arranged into
regions, called tagmata (e.g., head, thorax,
abdomen).
The paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae)
are jointed.
They posses a chitinous exoskeletion that
must be shed during growth.
They have bilateral symmetry.
The nervous system is dorsal (belly) and the
circulatory system is open and ventral
(back).
 What are some other
Animal Phyla?
Porifera & Cnidaria – sponges & corals.
Platyhelminthes - flatworms, tapeworms
Nematoda - roundworms
Mollusca - clams, snails & slugs, squids
Echinodermata - starfish, sea urchins
Annelida - segmented worms
(earthworms)
Chordata - fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, mammals
 Arthropod Groups (taxa)

The arthropods are divided into two

large groups that exist today:

Chelicerates

and

Mandibulates
Chelicerate Arthropod Characters:

Pincher-like mouthparts -
chelicerae - and pedipalps
NO antennae
Two body regions, usually -
cephalothorax & abdomen
Four pairs of legs
Horseshoe crabs and arachnids
are only living groups
Mandibulate Arthropod Characters:
Mouthparts are mandibles - normally
chewing sideways
One or two pairs of antennae
Various body region arrangements -
cephalothorax & abdomen / head &
trunk / head, thorax & abdomen
Variable leg numbers
Insects, crustaceans & myriapods
Orders of Arachnids

Scorpions
Pseudoscorpions
Daddy Long-Legs
Mites & Ticks
Spiders
 Pseudoscorpion

Scorpion Tick
(a mite)

Wolf
Spider
Daddy-long-legs
Scorpion Anatomy
chelicerae eyes pedipalp
Pseudoscorpion
Mite and Tick Body Regions
pedipalps &
chelicerae

cephalothorax

abdomen
 American dog tick male

Blacklegged (deer) tick female

American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).
 Clover mites

Twospotted spider mites

Predatory mite
daddy long-legs

cephalothorax abdomen
Spider Anatomy
pedipalp

chelicera (fang)

cephalothorax

narrow waist

abdomen
Jumping Spider
Abdomen

Cephalothorax

Chelicera (fang)

Pedipalp
Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider

Orb-weaving spider
Tarantula
 Black widow with egg case

Brown recluse
 Classes of Myriapods
(many legged arthropods)
(all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk
with many pairs of legs, use trachea)

Diplopoda - millipedes
Chilopoda - centipedes
 Myriapods
[one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached

under body.

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible

segment - attached to side of body.

No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Garden centipede
 Classes of Crustacea
• mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial
• all have two pair of antennae
• five or more pairs of legs
• segmented abdominal appendages
• head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body
arrangement
• have gills

Sowbugs or pillbugs
Sand fleas
Barnacles

Crabs, lobster, shrimp

 Crayfish cephalothorax
(Decapoda)

Sowbug (Isopoda),
a terrestrial
crustacean