2.

2 – Organizing The Elements

¤ there were many attempts to classify the elements

¤ the Greeks used celestial bodies as symbols

¤ in the early 1800’s, John Dalton came up with a new set of symbols

Problems??
 Organizing The Elements

¤ in 1814, Swedish chemist J. Berzelius suggested using letters instead

of pictures to represent each element

¤ For example:
H for hydrogen
He for helium
Organizing The Elements

¤it was soon realized that the elements could be listed in

order of increasing atomic mass
¤atomic mass is the mass of one atom of an element
¤John Newlands recognized patterns in properties when
elements were listed in order of atomic mass
 Organizing The Elements

¤ in the mid 1800’s, Dmitri Mendeleev wrote the names

and properties of the 63 known elements on cards
¤ he then arranged and rearranged the cards to:
1. find patterns
2. predict new elements

Basically Mendeleev played solitaire with the elements

until he found a method of sorting them
Mendeleev’s Table

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU
The Table Now
2.3 – The Periodic Table Today

Periodic Table Song (Seriously, I love this song. It’s a problem how catchy it is. Be
prepared to get this stuck in your head!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rz4Dd1I_fX0
 Periodic Table

 Periodic Table Set Up:

Atomic Atomic
Number Mass

Ionic
Element Charge
Symbol

Element
Name
Atomic Number refers to the number of
protons in the nucleus of the atoms of that
element.

Atoms have the same number of electrons as

protons.

Example: Oxygen
What is the atomic number?
How many protons does it have?
How many electrons does it have?
● Symbol -how the element is identified in short form of the
full name

● Atomic mass- the average mass of all atoms of that element.

● Mass Number - the number of protons plus neutrons

(to find the mass number you would round the atomic mass on the
periodic table to the nearest whole #)
¤to calculate the number of neutrons (n0) in an element:

# n0 = mass number – atomic number (# p+)

ex) neon (Ne)

atomic number = 10
atomic mass = 20.18
mass number = 20
# n0 = 20– 10 = 10 neutrons!
 Periodic Table

 The elements have names that come from: Greek, Latin, geographic
location, planets, minerals, famous scientists
 modern symbols are 1-2 letters (first is always a capital, second is always
lowercase)
 the symbol doesn’t always match the English name for an element

 ex) Pb is lead
PRACTICE!

Complete the practice worksheet on identifying items

in the periodic table
 Patterns in the table

1. Periods
 the periodic table is organized into 7 horizontal rows called periods
 atomic mass increases when moving left to right across a period

(Label your periodic table to show what periods are)

 Patterns in the table

2. Groups or Families:

¤ the table is also organized into 18 vertical columns called groups or

families
ex) halogens etc

¤ the elements in a group tend to have similar properties

ex) noble gases (group 18) are typically unreactive
 Groups/ Families

● Family 1: Alkali Metals- very reactive, even with

water, all solids

● Family 2: Alkaline Earth Metals- reactive, all solids

● Family 3-12: Transition Metals- have numerous

different properties
Groups/ Families

● Family 17: Halogens

- reactive non-metals
- most are gases
- have 7 e- in outer shell

● Family 18: Noble Gases

- non-reactive gases
- inert = unreactive, dormant
- have full electron shells
 Patterns in the table

3. Types of Elements:

Metal and
Non-metal
Non-
metals
Metals
 Patterns in the table

¤the table has a “staircase” line that separates elements with

certain properties

¤metals are on the left side of the staircase…they are shiny,

malleable, ductile and conduct electricity

¤non-metals are on the right side of the staircase…they are dull,

brittle and nonconductive
¤ metalloids are directly above and below the staircase…they show properties
of both metals and non-metals
 Your Assignment

Color and label the parts of the periodic table – metals, non-metals, metalloids,
periods, groups/families (IT WILL HELP YOU ON TESTS!)