Development of

Rhombencephalon:
Hindbrain
By
Dr. Shoukat Ali Memon
MBBS M.Phil.
Associate Professor Anatomy

Department of Anatomy
Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences
Isra University, Hyderabad
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The roof plate of the myelencephalon
consists of a single layer of ependymal cells
covered by vascular mesenchyme, the pia
mater. The two combined are known as the
tela choroidea. Because of active
proliferation of the vascular mesenchyme, a
number of saclike invaginations project into
the underlying ventricular cavity. These
tuft-like invaginations form the choroid
plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid.
 Alar and basal plates separated by the
sulcus limitans can be clearly
distinguished. The basal plate, similar to
that of the spinal cord, contains motor
nuclei. These nuclei are divided into three
groups:
(a) a medial somatic efferent group,
(b) an intermediate special visceral efferent
group
(c) a lateral general visceral efferent group
 somatic efferent motor
column
In the myelencephalon, it includes neurons
of the Hypoglossal nerve that supply the
tongue musculature. In the
Metencephalon and the mesencephalon,
the column contains neurons of the
abducent, trochlear, and Oculomotor
nerves
 The special visceral efferent group
extends into the Metencephalon, forming
the special visceral efferent motor
column. Its motor neurons supply striated
muscles of the pharyngeal arches. In the
myelencephalon the column is
represented by neurons of the accessory,
vagus, and glossopharyngeal nerves.
 The general visceral efferent group
contains motor neurons that supply
involuntary musculature of the respiratory
tract, intestinal tract, and heart.
The alar plate contains three groups of
sensory relay nuclei. The most lateral of
these, the somatic afferent (sensory)
group, receives impulses from the ear and
surface of the head by way of the
Vestibulocochlear and trigeminal nerves.
The intermediate, or special visceral
afferent, group receives impulses from
taste buds of the tongue and from the
palate, oropharynx, and epiglottis. The
medial, or general visceral afferent, group
receives interoceptive information from
the gastrointestinal tract and heart.
Sp: special sensory B:branchial motor
Ss: somatic sensory Sm: somataic motor
Vi: visceral sensory
A: preganglionic autonomic (visceral motor)
 Cerebellum
The dorsolateral parts of the alar plates
bend medially and form the rhombic lips. In
the caudal portion of the Metencephalon,
the rhombic lips are widely separated, but
immediately below the mesencephalon they
approach each other in the midline. As a
result of a further deepening of the pontine
flexure, the rhombic lips compress
cephalocaudally and form the cerebellar
plate.
In a 12-week embryo, this plate shows a
small midline portion, the vermis, and
two lateral portions, the hemispheres. A
transverse fissure soon separates the
nodule from the vermis and the lateral
flocculus from the hemispheres. This
flocculonodular lobe is phylogenetically
the most primitive part of the cerebellum.
 Initially, the cerebellar plate consists of
neuroepithelial, mantle, and marginal
layers. During further development, a
number of cells formed by the
neuroepithelium migrate to the surface
of the cerebellum to form the external
granular layer. Cells of this layer retain
their ability to divide and form a
proliferative zone on the surface of the
cerebellum
In the sixth month of development, the
external granular layer gives rise to various
cell types. These cells migrate toward the
differentiating Purkinje cells and give rise to
granule cells. Basket and stellate cells are
produced by proliferating cells in the
cerebellar white matter. The cortex of the
cerebellum, consisting of Purkinje cells, Golgi
II neurons, and neurons produced by the
external granular layer, reaches its definitive
size after birth. The deep cerebellar nuclei,
such as the dentate nucleus, reach their final
position before birth
 CRANIAL NERVE Ventral Lateral Dorsal
attachments attachments attachments
Olfactory nerve ++ S
Optic nerve ++ S
Oculomtor Nerve ++ M
Trochlear Nerve ++ M
Trigeminal Nerve ++ S & M
Abducent Nerve ++ M
Facial Nerve ++ S & M
Vestibulocochlear N ++ S
Glossopharyngeal N ++ S & M
Vagus Nerve ++ S & M
Accessory Nerve ++ M
Hypoglossal Nerve ++ M
S = Sensory M= Motor S&M = Sensory and Motor
 See you
in
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