THE

PHILIPPINE
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CONSTITUTIONS
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GE2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

GROUP 4
ALMOCERA
DIAMANTE
GORIEZA
LORILLA
MATURAN
SORILLA
 A set of fundamental principles or established
precedents according to which state or other
organization is governed. It symbolizes the country’s
Acts of USC freedom and independence. The Philippine
Constitution has evolved since 1897.

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 1897 Constitutions Biak – na – Bato
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 1899 Malolos Constitution

 Acts of the United State Congress
 Philippine Organic Act of 1902
 Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
 Tydings - McDuffie Act of 1934
 1935 Constitution
 1943 Constitution
 1973 Constitutions
 1986 Freedom Constitutions
 1987 Constitution
 Tejeros Convention held at San Francisco De Malabon in
Cavite on March 22, 1897. which happened the First Election
were Emilio Aguinaldo was elected to be a president, and
Mariano Trias was elected to be his Vice President. November 1,
Acts of USC 1897 that the Republic of Biak-na-Bato (Republica de Biak-na-
Bato) that held in Biak-na-Bato in the town of San Miguel de
Mayumo in Bulacan. De Facto Constitutional Republic is written

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by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer was promulgated by the

Katipunan, which acted as Constitutional Assembly. This
Constitution known as the “ Constitutional Provisional de la
Republica de Filipinas”, which operated only from
November 1, 1897 to December 14, 1897
 The 1899 Malolos Constitution or the Political
Constitution of 1899 (Constitution Politica de 1899) was the
basic law of the first Philippine Republic whose form of
Government was unitary semi-presidential constitutional.
This Constitution was the first republican constitution in
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Asia (Tucker, 2009) written by Felipe Calderon y Roca and

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Felipe Buencamino after the declaration of the Philippines
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independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. It was signed

into law by the Malolos Congress and promulgated on
January 21, 1899. The Malolos Constitution was in operation
from January 23, 1899 to March 23, 1901.
 The Act of the United States Congress
was in operation from December 10, 1898 to
March 24, 1934, since the Philippines was a
territory of the United States during these

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periods because of the Treaty of Paris which

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transferred the sovereignty from Spain to the

U.S.
 Philippine Organic Act of 1902, also known as
the “Philippine Bill of 1902”, was the first
organic law enacted by the US Congress for
the Philippines.
It provided for the creation of the Philippine

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Assembly, and a bicameral legislature

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composed of a Philippines commission (upper

house) and the Philippine Assembly (lower
house) were the lawmaking power was
vested.
 Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, also known as the
“Jones Law”, amended the structure of the
Philippine government that was provided for the

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Philippine Bill of 1902. It removed the Philippine
Commission (upper house) and replaced it with the

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Senate whose members were elected by the Filipino

voters.
 On March 24, 1934 the United States
passed the Tydings-McDuffie Act that allowed the
Filipino nation to have a self-government. The

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eventful day arrived on July 4, 1946, when the
United States recognized Philippine

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independence in the Treaty of Manila. The

Philippine-American friendship day is celebrated
4th of July to commemorate the Philippine
independence from the U.S of America.
 This constitution was promulgated by the
1934 Constitutional Convention and was in operation
during the Commonwealth era (1935-1946), until the
Third Republic (July 4, 1946-January 16, 1973). The

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third republic started with the granting of Philippine
independence from US domination on July 4, 1946 to

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Roxas Administration (1946-48), Quirino

Administration (1948-53), Magsaysay Administration
(1953-57), Garcia Administration (1957-61), and
Macapagal Administration (1961-65
 The Preparatory Committee for the
Philippine Independence (PCPI) promulgated
the 1948 Philippine Constitution during the

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Japanese occupation of the country. Mostly of
the members of the PCPI were delegates to

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the convention that drafted the 1935
constitution. The constitution was ratified by
the popular convention of the KALIBAPI in
Manila on September 7, 1943.
 The 1973 constitution was promulgated by the 1973
Constitutional Convention, after Marcos declared martial law. The
1973 Constitution ruled after the fourth Philippine Republic from
January 17, 1973 to February 22, 1986. A unicameral legislature was
established during this period, whose members were elected for a

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six-year term of office. The president was elected from among the

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members of the national Assembly for a six-year term and eligible

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for reelection. The elected president will serve only as purely
ceremonial head of state. Executive power was exercised by the
Prime Minister who was also elected from amongst the members
of the national assembly. The Prime Minister was the head of
government and Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
 Right after the 1986 People Power
Revolution that compelled President Marcus
to step down from power, President Corazon
Aquino issued Proclamation No.3 to serve as

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a provisional constitution. Power such as

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government reorganization, removal of

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1986
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officials, appointment of a commission to
draft a new and more formal Constitution,
which upon ratification, would supplant the
Freedom Constitution.
 The 1987 Philippine Constitution was
drafted by a constitutional assembly that was
mandated in Proclamation No. 3. The
Commission composed fifty members appointed
by President Corazon Aquino from various

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backgrounds: former members of the house of

about
Representatives, former justices of the Supreme

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Court, a Roman Catholic bishop, and political
activist against the Marcos regime. Cecilian
Muñoz Palma, who was a former Associate Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court was elected by the
commission as its president.