HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL

SYSTEM AND CHRONOLOGICAL

DEVELOPMENTS IN
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL
ECONOMY
MARICAR CONDES
JOHN EDRIZ AGUILAR
JANECA CANIDO
 TOPIC OUTLINE
• CLASSICAL PERIOD • THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
* PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
* AGE OF REVOLUTION
*GLOBALIZATION
• POST CLASSICAL PERIOD • TIMELINE DEVELOPMENT OF
* THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL
• TRANSITIONAL PERIOD ECONOMY
* BALANCE OF POWER
* MILITARISM AND NATIONALISM • THREE CONCEPTIONS OF POLITICAL
* IDEOLOGIES ( FASCISM, LIBERALISM AND ECONOMY
COMMUNISM)
* MERCANTILISM
• COLD WAR PERIOD
* LIBERALISM
* IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT AND NATIONAL
INTEREST * MARXISM
 TRANSITIONAL PERIOD

• The international system in transitional periods can be

explain by the events that occur during the time. the balance
of power occurs for the purpose of avoiding war between
the European nations. they feared the emergence of a
hegemon state that could dominate the international system.
• Multipolarity is the distribution of power among numerous
number of states.
•The militarism through nationalism,
happened in the empire nations…
•The president woodrow wilson’s fourteen
points.
•The creation of the league of nations.
•The fascism ideology of the nazis
 THE COLD WAR PERIOD

• The cold war is the indirect confrontations of the two

superpower that remained after the world war.
• The less-aggressive containment strategy versus the
rollback strategy is an aggressive one
• Proxy wars occurs such as in Vietnam.
 THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD

• The global economic and cultural forces have made

the ‘relations’ or affairs more global than
international.
• This us hegemony had two advantages at the
early era in both military and economic
dominance.
 CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY

• 1500- 1799 INTERCONTINENTAL TRADE

• IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD OF THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES THE ECONOMIC POLICIES
OF THE GREAT POWERS AND THE OVERALL ECONOMIC SYSTEM ARE OFTEN REFERRED TO BY
THE TERM ‘MERCANTILISM’. DURING THIS PHASE OF HISTORY INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
RELATIONS WERE VERY MUCH CARRIED OUT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF IMPERIALISM.
• 1640 SILVER VALUING
• - THE FIRST GLOBAL CONVERGENCE OF THE VALUE OF SILVER, STANDARDIZING THE METAL’S VALUE.
• 1571 THE EUROPE AMERICAN TRADE LINK
• -THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PERMANENT TRADE LINK FROM THE “OLD WORLD” VIA MANILA TO THE
AMERICAS INTRODUCING GLOBAL TRADE. THIS FACILITATES THE INTRODUCTION OF DISEASES,
LIVESTOCK, PLANTS, AND PEOPLE.
• 1760S THE GLOBALIZING DECADE
• -A KNOWLEDGE REVOLUTION, MAPPING, SURVEYING, AND CLASSIFYING THE WORLD. DURING
THIS DECADE, THERE WAS ALSO RENEWED COMMERCIAL EXPANSION AND FURTHER IMPERIALIST
EXPANSION.
• 1780+: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• -THE STORY OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS ON THE SMALL ISLAND OF GREAT BRITAIN.
• 1775- 1783 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• -THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE FROM GREAT BRITAIN. THE TREATY OF PARIS IN 1783
GRANTS THE FORMER COLONIES INDEPENDENCE.
• 1787 THE US CONSTITUTION IS ADOPTED CREATES A FEDERAL UNION OF STATES FOLLOWING
INDEPENDENCE FROM GREAT BRITAIN IN 1783.
• 1846 REPEAL OF THE CORN LAW IN BRITAIN. THE REPEAL OF THE CORN LAW THAT SUBSIDIZED
BRITISH CROPS AND PROTECTED AGAINST IMPORTS IS A SIGNIFICANT STEP TOWARD FREE
TRADE.
• 1919 THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
• - ESTABLISHMENT OF A GLOBAL POLITICAL SYSTEM.
• 1944- INTERNATIONAL LIBERAL ECONOMIC ORDER
• 1940- 1945 WORLD WAR II, INVENTION OF ROCKET PROPULSION A PERIOD OF INTENSE
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT. ROCKET TECHNOLOGY ALLOWS SPACE TRAVEL AND THE
INTRODUCTION OF SATELLITES.
• 1945 THE START OF THE COLD WAR THE EMERGENCE OF SUPERPOWERS.
• 1995 WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION FOUNDED
• 1997-9 EAST ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS
• 2008-10 CREDIT CRUNCH GLOBAL RECESSION
• LIBERALISM EMERGED IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT AS A
BRANCH OF THE WIDER POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL LIBERAL MOVEMENT
• ECONOMIC LIBERALISM IS AT ITS FUNDAMENT THE BELIEF IN FREE TRADE. THIS IS THE
MINIMIZATION OF GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE AFFAIRS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
SO THAT BUSINESSES ARE NOT RESTRICTED FROM EXPORTING THEIR GOODS AND IMPORTS
FROM OTHER COUNTRIES ARE NOT RESTRICTED BY PROTECTIONIST MEASURES.
• INVISIBLE HAND ADAM SMITH ILLUSTRATED HIS THESIS THAT FREEING UP INTERNATIONAL
TRADE BENEFITED ALL WITH THE METAPHOR OF THE ‘INVISIBLE HAND’. THE INVISIBLE HAND
REFERS TO WHAT IS MORE COMMONLY TODAY KNOWN AS ‘MARKET FORCES’, MEANING THE
WAY BUSINESS AND TRADE OPERATES IN THE ABSENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INTERFERENCE.
• MERCANTILISM HELD THAT A COUNTRY’S POWER DEPENDED MAINLY ON IT’S WEALTH.
ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF MERCANTILISM, A NATION COULD INCREASE IT’S WEALTH
AND POWER IN TWO WAYS. FIRST, IT COULD OBTAIN AS MUCH GOLD AND SILVER AS
POSSIBLE. SECOND, IT COULD ESTABLISH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE, IN WHICH IT SOLD
MORE GOODS THAN IT BOUGHT. A NATION'S ULTIMATE GOAL UNDER MERCANTILISM WAS TO
BECOME SELF-SUFFICIENT, NOT DEPENDENT ON OTHER COUNTRIES FOR GOODS.
• MARXISM IS A THEORY IN WHICH CLASS STRUGGLE IS A CENTRAL ELEMENT IN THE ANALYSIS
OF SOCIAL CHANGE. IT IS THE SYSTEM OF SOCIALISM OF WHICH THE DOMINANT FEATURE IS
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE.

• MARXISTS AGREE WITH MERCANTILISTS THAT CAPITALIST ECONOMICS IS A ZERO-SUM GAME

OF LOSERS AND WINNERS RATHER THAN THE LIBERAL’S SUM-SUM GAME OF COMPARATIVE
ADVANTAGE. HENCE DEPENDENCY THEORISTS HAVE ADVOCATED THAT GOVERNMENTS OF
THE ‘ZERO’ (I.E. LOSER) COUNTRIES ADOPT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES TO SAVE THEMSELVES
FROM EXPLOITATION. HOWEVER, AS NEO-MARXIST APPROACHES HAVE EVOLVED AND
ECONOMIC GLOBLALIZATION HAS INTENSIFIED, THE EMPHASIS HAS SHIFTED TO SEEING THE
COMPETITION IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AS NOT BEING BETWEEN STATES BUT BETWEEN
TRANSNATIONAL CLASSES OF ‘HAVES’ AND ‘HAVE-NOTS’.