Unit 2:Techniques

INCIDENT RECALL TECHNIQUE (IRT)

WHAT?
• Based on collecting information on hazards, near-misses, unsafe conditions
and unsafe actions
• Interviewing personnel regarding involvement in accident or near-misses
consists of, errors, mistakes, difficulties and conditions which may cause
accident.
• Same result as an accident investigation.

WHY?
• It can be used to investigate man-machine relationship and to improve
equipment and operations.
• Determine whether corrective action is necessary or advantageous.
• Case studies for reading and thinking. Then their memory should be
recalled to know their understanding and further suggestions if any.
 JSA Job Safety Analysis
A job safety analysis (JSA), also called a job hazard analysis or
job task analysis,
• systematic analysis of a specific job in a specific location to
identify the hazards and determine the controls.
• Ensure work is properly planned and that workers can do it
safely.
• As a written document, it can serve as evidence of due
diligence.

• A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps

integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices
into a particular task or job operation
Job Safety Analysis
 Job Safety Analysis Priorities
• New Jobs
• Potential of Severe Injuries
• History of Disabling Injuries
• Frequency of Accidents
 Observation of the Actual Work
• Select experienced worker(s) to participate in the JSA
process
• Explain purpose of JSA
• Observe the employee perform the job and write
down basic steps
• Completely describe each step
• Note any deviations (Very Important!)
 Identify Hazards &
Potential Accidents
• Search for Hazards
– Produced by Work
– Produced by Environment
• Repeat job observation as many times as
necessary to identify all hazards and record
Job Safety Analysis of for Flat Tyre
• Steps
– Park & set
brake
– Remove
Spare & Jack
– Loosen lugs
 Job Safety Analysis
• Steps • Hazards
– Park & set brake – Hit by
traffic
– Remove Spare & Jack

– Back Strain

– Loosen lugs – Foot/Toe

impact

– Shoulder
strain
 Job Safety Analysis
• Steps • Hazards • Prevention
– Park & set brake
– Hit by traffic – Far off road as possible
– Remove Spare & Jack – Pull items close before
– Back Strain lift
– Lift in increments
– Foot/Toe – Lift and lower using leg
power
impact
– Wide leg stance
– Loosen lugs – Use full body, not
arm/shoulder

– Shoulder
strain
 Develop Solutions
• Find a new way
to do job • Fix-A-Flat

• Change physical • No off-road driving

conditions that
create hazards
• Change the work • Buy self-sealing
procedure tires
• Reduce • Maintenance /
frequency
Change-out
program
 Safety Audit
• Safety audit is a tool used by management to
promote and ensure the safe work procedures to
be followed at industry.
• It identifies various hazards and risks present at
the site.
• Safety audit is finding out whether the safety
system is on right track.
• It ensures that existing loss prevention systems,
safe work procedures and other work practices are
in place and being followed.
 Type of Safety Audit
• Internal Safety Audit: It is carried out in
house and done by internal management.
• External Safety Audit: It is carried out
through an external source.
 Responsibilities of Safety Officer
Duty has been defined under state factory rules by
Factories Act, 1948:
• To advise on maintenance of records which are
related to accidents, dangerous occurrences and
occupational diseases
• To advice on measures to be adopted for
removing the unsafe actions by workers
• To provide advice on matters related to carrying
out plant safety inspection
• To carry out health & safety surveys is the duty of
safety committee.
• Internal Safety Audits are conducted by
either the safety committee members or safety
representatives or safety officer and procedure
followed generally going through the records,
matching standards with targets and physical
observations at workplace.
• External Safety Audits are conducted by
external person for auditing from certified
agencies and procedure is almost same.
 Why Audit important
• It ensures that management system is functioning
in a manner that protects employees, customers,
communities, the environment, assets against
risks
• It is control mechanism.
• Other benefits of Audit such as:
1. Identification of opportunities forimprovement
2. Increased safety awareness
3. Greater confidence regarding compliance
with regulatory requirements
Organisational & Administration
• Safety policy, operating instructions,emergency and disaster
control plan.
• Industrial hazard control like housekeeping, storage of
materials etc.
• Machine guarding, material handling , Use of PPE
Fire Prevention and Control Equipment provided, maintenance,
testing etc.
Industrial Hygiene
• Ventilation, skin contamination control, air/water pollution,
noise control etc.
Reporting and Investigation of Accident
• Type of accidents, procedures of investigation etc.
 Safety Inspection
• A safety inspection looks for safety hazards and
unsafe practices throughout a facility. The
inspection should:
• Determine whether safeguards are in place
• Examine whether the equipment presents any
hazards
• Gather air, water, and other samples to test for
hazardous substances
• Observe work practices to identify unsafe actions
 Difference Between Safety Audit and
Safety Inspection
• Scope: An audit reviews safety programs and
strategies, while an inspection examines
current tactics and routine employee actions.
• Responsible parties: Safety inspections are
usually performed by those familiar with the
workplace, while independent employees
(whether from outside the company or in
another department) should conduct a safety
audit.