 

A branch of the Criminal Justice System,

concerned with the custody, supervision
and rehabilitation of Criminal offenders.
Correction came from the root word
"CORRECT" which means to "RIGHT A
WRONG"
Is the study of punishment of crime or
of criminal offender. It includes the
study of control and prevention of crime
through punishment of criminal
offenders.
The term derived from the latin word "
poena " which means " pain or
suffering"
The study and practice of a system
systematic management of jails or
prisons and other institution concerned
with the custody, treatment and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
Refers to the manner or practice of
managing or controlling places or
confinement as jails or prisons.
Is a means of social control.
It is a device to cause people to
become cohesive and to induce
conformity.
Defined as the redress that the state
takes against an offending member.
The forms of punishment in primitive
society were:
1. Death penalty
2. Corporal punishment
3. Public humiliation and shaming
4. Banishment.
Death penalty was carried out by:
1. Hanging
2. Burning
3. Immersing in boiling oil
4. Feeding to wild animals
5. Other barbaric ways.
Corporal punishment was inflicted the
offender by:
1. Flogging
2. Mutilation
3. Disfiguration
4. Maiming
Public humiliation and shaming were
effected by:
1. The use of stocks and pillery
2. Docking stool
3. Branding
4. Shaving off the hair, etc.
Retribution - Personal vengeance
Expiation or Atonement - Condemnation of
the whole group against the offending
member. Expiation is therefore, group
vengeance as distinguish from retribution
which is personal vengeance.
Deterrence - punishment gives a lesson to
the offender.
Latest justification of punishment.
society can best be protected from
crime if the purpose of imprisonment is
to reform or rehabilitate the prisoner.
Protection as a justification of
punishment came after prisons, were
fully established
People believe that by putting the
offender in prison, society is protected
from his further criminal depredation.
 Punishment makes the criminal cautious about
concealing his criminal activities
 Stigmatizes him and isolates him from society;
makes him a martyr or a hero; and develops in
him an antisocial grudge and a strong
resentment of authority.
 Punishment on the other hand does not deter;
does not repair damage to society; or
reconstruct the personality of the offender.
The principal trends of punishment are in
the development of exemptions, pardon,
and communications; the decline in the
severity of punishment; the growth of
imprisonment and its modifications; good
time allowances; indeterminate sentences;
suspended sentence and probation,
conditional release, parole, short
sentences, and fines.
Upper classmen were often times
exempted from criminal liability for
offences, which caused the commoner
long imprisonment or death penalty.
 Absence of “mens rea” means absence
of a guilty mind or lack of criminal intent.
Right of sanctuary It is the benefit of
clergy was originally given to clerics who
did not wear ecclesiastical robes from
being tried by lay courts but only by
ecclesiastical courts.
Age of the offender was another basis
for exemption from criminal responsible.
Under juvenile delinquents are not
legally classified as criminals.
Mental condition of the offender means
offender is to be considered sane and
responsible until is proven that he was
insane at the act was committed, and
therefore, could not have known right
from wrong.
 
Considered as the earliest Code than
Code of Hammurabi 350 years earlier.
The code was created and enacted by
King Ur-nammu in the city of Ur in acient
time Sumeria.
The king issued a law that favoured the
imposition of justice instead of naked
vengeance.
The decree imposes of restitution and
fines of execution, mutilation or other
savage penalties The code holds principle
of RESTORATIVE JUSTICE.
Is a principle which requires a process
of resolving conflicts with maximum
involvement of the victim , the offender,
and the community.
Lex taliones principle of "TIT FOR TAT" (Eye
for an Eye or Tooth for a Tooth) This
provision of the Code of Hammurabi
especially on sections involving
Punishment are either death or
mutilation.
Hammurabi , the king of babylon during
the eighteenth century BC , is recognized
as the first of laws.
Itprovides the First Comprehensive
Views of the Laws in the early days.
The Code was carved in STONE.
Under the principle of the law of talion
the punishment should be the same as
the harm inflicted on the victim.
Compensation to the victim of a robbery
by the authorities of the city in which the
robbery occurred of the thief was not
caught.
The killer is answerable not to the family
of the victim but to the king.
Death was the penalty for robbery , theft
false witness, building a house that falls
on the owners (if the house should
collapse and kill the owner sons, the son
of the builder would be the one executed.)
Son who Struck his father would suffer the
amputation on a hand.
 If in a an assault a victim's bone was
broken , the same bone of the assailant
would be broken.
About two centuries after the Hammurabi
, the Hittites was observed The GREAT
IMPORTANCE OF MORALITY. It only shows
that even during ancient time, values are
greatly different from one group to other.
Capital punishment was used for many
offenses, except for homicide or robbery.
Rape , sexual intercourse with animals,
defiance of the authority all punishable
by death.
The law enforcement and judicial
functions were placed in the hand of
commanders of military.
The book of deutronomy, the fifth book
in bible , contains the basis of the
Jewish law.
Allows extreme punishment such as
burning the guilty person alive.
Provide death penalty for murder.
The counter part of this law is the Islamic
countries book of Koran. (The Koran is
more specific on three kinds of offenses:
Homicide, Theft and Adultery.)
TheCode of Drakon " ULTIMATE
SEVERITY“ Extreme Cruelty.

HIGHLIGHTS OF CODE OF DRAKON

Death was the punishment for every
offenses.
Death penalty was administered with
great brutality.
 Solon was appointed and was given legislative
power.
 Solon repealed all the laws of drakon , execept
the law of homicide.
The theft was required to return stolen
property and pay the victim a sum equal
to twice its value.
For the crime of temple robbery, the
penalty was death.
For the rape of a woman, the penalty was
a fine.
Other codes, the roman law has the
longest influenced with twelve tables of
wood . prepared in 451- 450 BC.
The twelve tables were the foundation of
laws in Rome .
Ifa man break another's limb and does
not compensate the injury , he shall liable
to retaliation.
A person who committed arson of a
house shall burned alive.
 Judges who accepted bribes as well as
those who bribed them were subject to
execution.
CODE OF MARAGTAS- it was allegedly
written compiled by Datu Sumakwel in
1250. Among the provisions the code
robbery , thief where punished by
mutilating off there fingers.
The code was written in 1433 by Datu
Kalantiaw of Panay. The unwritten laws
consisted of customs and tradition. which
was passed down by generation to
generation . Among the provisions are
punishment given to those who caught
having sexual relationship with a married
woman and those who offended religious
object.
The code was made when the Spaniard
colonized the PHILIPPINES by royal
decree of 1870 made the Codigo Penal.
it was made effective in the Philippines
in July 14, 1887.
 Those code was created by the virtue of
Administrative order No. 94 of the DOJ
dated October 18, 1927 to revised Old
penal law.
The act no. 3815 Other known as the
REVISED PENAL CODE. was enacted by the
legislative on December 8, 1930 and took
effect januaryb1 1932 based mainly on
the Spanish codigo penal.
MAMERTIME PRISON- early roman place of
confinement on underground prison
constructed by Roman king Ancus Martius
in Rome called Mamertime prison.
KING HENRY- In 1166 he mandated that
there must be a jail in every country
headed by its sheriff. during said period
and earlier jails where called GAOLS.
THE NEW GATE PRISON- it was built in the
early 1188 mandated by king Henry II and
became the London mains prison, gallows
(a structure were in the criminals
sentenced to death).The prisons was
operational until it was closed in 1902 and
demolished in 1904.
In 1597, The England passed law for
transportation of criminals as
punishment in England to other newly
colonies in England including in America
to solve the overcrowding of convicted
offenders in jails .Became practice
although it was abruptly in 1778.
old abandoned merchant transportation
ships or warships no longer used was
converted as prison in order to ease the
congestion in prison in England for
almost 80 years. but this resulted into the
more dangerous life for both prisoners
and guards. to the point that they call is
the floating hell no segregation was made
between youth , man and women.
Has HOSPICE DE SAN MICHELLE IN
ROME. considered as the forerunner of
juvenile reformatories. the place was
designed for youth under 20 years of
age . at night they pray and sleep on
separate cells for repentance but at
day time working a large central .
 In 1773 ,as a young man he traveled to Europe
hoping to help in the relief of disastrous earthquake
of 1755. He was captured by the French and was
held in prisoner. for two months in condition of
greatly barbarity. Lucky he was returned to England
as exchange prisoners having been exposed in
disastrous condition of prison in Europe he wrote a
book entitled " THE STATE OF THE PRISON IN
ENGLAND AND WALES " Which makes him known
as one of the GREATEST PRISON REFORM.
 Howards four basic principle according to his law
on the penitentiary act.
1. Abolition of jailers fee
2. Regular inspection of prisoners
3. Provision of clean facility
4. Emphasis of reforming inmates
 Howards considered as FATHER OF PRISON
REFORM.
These reforms wherein: secure and
sanitary structure, jails inspection
elimination of fees.
18th Century - considered to be one of
the most Brutal ages for punishment
criminal. A combination of the old and
new prison FLOGGING is the most popular
method of corporals punishment.
Transportation system of convicted
offenders in Australia started 1878
convicted offender where transported to
the different island in australia. The
transportation was finally abandoned but
ovee 135,000 had been sent.
Wallnut street jail- as the 1st penitentiary
in America.it was built in 1776 and
located in Philadelphia and it was closed
in 1835.
Also known as " Separate system or
Solitary confinement system" the
prisoner where totally isolated or
solitary.
In 1816 the second state prison Auburn
prison patterned after the Walnut
Street Jail in Philadelphia , in this
system prisoners in a single cell at
night and work during day.
Established a link between the
community based program the first
institution implementing parole system
or the " the hill“.
Itwas opened in Elmira New york in
1876 to house youth aged 16-30 years
old who where 1st time offender , The
Elmira Reformatory was focused in the
punishment but on Rehabilitation
though skills and academic education"
also called JUNIOR PRISON“.
Director of English prison, after visiting
Elmira reformatory, opened a borstal
Institution , this considered as the first
reform institution for young offender.
Later part of 18th century- Considered
as the great transition and also known
as the AGE OF REASON OR
ENLIGNMENT "
Alcatraz prison " the rock" it is an island in
san Francisco bay it is the site of noted for
its in human treatment tortures. The former
federal Prison for military convicts was
considered as escape proof prisons
because of its structure and cold current in
the surrounding water. also considered as
the 1st prison without walls ,its was closed
in 1863 because of high maintenance.
Brought the concept of humanitarian
treatment of offender. he also
responsible to the abolistion of death
penalty.
"William Penn responsible for the
correctional reform in U.S.
" On crimes and punishment 1764" Becarrias
great contribution to correctional system.
 The basis of all social action must be " utilitarian
concept"
 Crime must be considered an injury to the
society
 Prevention of crimes is more important than
punishment for crime.
 Secret accusation and torture should abolished .
speedy trial should be promoted.
GREATEST HAPPINES PRINCIPLE and
FELICIFIC CALCULUS UTALITARIANISM
Further developed the classical school
of criminology / penology
Student of beccaria
The concept of pain and pleasure
He also designed the panoptic on
prisons.
Itis the place for locking- up of persons
who are convicted of a minor offenses or
felonies who serve a short sentence
imposed upon them by competent court.
or for confinement of person who are
awaiting for trial , or investigation of the
cases.
Derived from Spanish word jaula and
caula Gaol.
1 Lock up jail - Is a security facility common to
police station used for temporary confinement of
an individuals held for investigation.
 2 Ordinary jail - Is the type of jail commonly used
to detain a convicted criminal offender to serve
less than 3 years.
 3 Work house or jail camp- a facility that houses
minimum custody offender who serving a short
sentence or those who are under going
constructive work program .
MUNICIPAL JAIL – Punishment with
duration of 1 day to 6 months.
CITY JAIL – Punishable with duration 1 day
to 3 years.
DISTRICT JAIL - Punishable with duration 6
months to 3 years.
PROVINCIAL JAIL - Punishable with
duration 6 months to 3 years.
Provincila jail in the Philippines is not
under the Jurisdiction of BUCOR or BJMP
They atmre managed and controlled by
provincial goverment.
Itenables the wrong doer to be reformed
and rehabilitate.
To avoid influence of harder criminal.
To separate offender according to their
duration of imprisonment.
 INSTITUTION for confinement of convicted
offenders to more than tree years of
imprisonment.
 Derived from the Greco Roman word
"PRESIDO"
 Administered Under BUREAU OF
CORRECTION.
 Also called national prisons and also includes
the penal colonies and penal farms.
 NATIONAL BILIBID PRISON
 SAN RAMON and PENAL FARM
 IWAHIG PRISON and PENAL FARM
 DAVAO PENAL COLONY and FARM (PK)
 SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY and PENAL FARM(
CPPY)
 LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON
 CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN.
 DIRECTOR CHARLES MONDEJAR-1ST Chief of
BJMP upon its creation who took his oath of
office on July 1, 1991.
 NEW BILIBID PRISON January 22,1941 The
prison reservation had area of 587Hectares it
was surrounded by three layers of barbed
wires.
 MUNTINLUPA CITY JAIL
 LETHAL INJECTION is located.
 President Fidel V. Ramos signed into law the imposition of
Death penalty in heinous crime ( R.A 7659 ) DEC 13 1993
 Lethal injection (RA 8177) March 20, 1996
 FEB 5, 1999 Leo Echegaray was 1st death convict executed
thru lethal injection.
 CHEMICAL COMPOUND of Lethal injection
 SODIUM THROPENTAL - put convict to sleep
 PANCURONIUM BROMIDE- Paralyze muscles
 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE- stop heart beat.
MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND at
NBP Main Building ( 18-25 feet)
Death convicts – Inmates sentenced to
life term
Multiple conviction – Sentenced of
more than 20 years
Electricchair in 1924- Execution by
electro caution (referred to as the
ELECTRIC CHAIR) is an execution
method originating in the U.S. in which
the person being put to death.
On August 21, 1870 was established to
confine MUSLIMS REBELS and
POLITICAL PRISONERS The facilitu
which faced in JOLO sea
Copra
Capt. Ramon Blanco
Zamboanga Del sur.
 American establish in Nov. 04,1904
The IUHIT PENAL SETTLEMENT( Now
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm).
It has 28,072 hectares.
it has 41 007 hectares in 1950 it was
located on PALAWAN ,PUERTO
PRINSESA
Tagumpay settlement was located
Order by GOV. Luke Wright
6 hectares are home lots distributed to
inmate for those who live there.
LT. George Wolfe 1st superintendent
The area was expanded to 41,007
hectares by vurtue of E.O 67 issued by
Gov. Newton Gilbert on Oct. 15 1912.
Sta.Lucia sub colony
Inagawan sub colony
Montible sub colony
Central sub colony.
 Located at Tagum davao del norte
 Approximate land area is 30,000 hectares
 1st penal settlement orgnized under Filipino
Administration
 TANGLAW SETTELMENT
 BANANA 3000 HECTARES
 TWO SUB COLONY (PK)
 Panabo sub colony
 Kapalong sub colony
Located at Occidental Mindoro
Established Sept. 27, 1954
 FOUR SUB COLONY
-Central sub colony
-Pusog sub colony
-Pasugui sub colony
-Yapang sub colony
Abuyog Leyte
Established Jan. 16, 1973 by
FERDINAND MARCOS
Considered as youngest prison
Note: National Correctional
Consciousness week. Every last week
of October.
Nov. 27, 1929
Establish of the Correctional institution for
Women in Mandaluyong city under Act no.
3579
Its old name was Women's Prisons
Total land area is 18 hectares
In 1934 the position of FEMALE
SUPERINTENDENT was made .
The Bureau of Prisons was renamed
BUREAU of CORRECTION under the new
administrative code of 1987 and
proclamation number 495 issued on
November 22, 1989
Banishment and exile - Serious offenders
were being punished through
transportation to other colony became
popular punishment in 16th century up to
17th century.
Branding - A form of a corporal
punishment consist of burning of the skin
of a living person through a burning
metal.
An iron collar attached upon the
offender seated in an improvised chair
with both hand and tied and neck
clamped by the iron collar the iron
collar is slowly being tightened
manually until the offender dies by
stagnation of neck.
A device designed by Dr. Joseph Ignacio
Guillotine this punishment is carrying
out the decapitation of head. It consists
of tall upright wooden frame which the
weighted and angled blade.
Punishment was act of whipping the
human body by the use of rods and cat
o nine tails.
Isthe cutting of the organ on part of
the body of an offender.
A form of punishment by tossing of
heavy rocks throwing away stone to
the offender until he dies.
In this kind of punishment people
are treated as a property and force
to work.
• Years in good • Days deducted
behavior • 5days per month
• 1-2 years • 8days per month
• 3-5 years • 10days per
• 6-10 years month

• 11years to • 15 days per

successive years month
• 1-2 years • 20 days per month
• 3-5 years • 23 days per month
• 6-10 years • 25 days deduction
• 11 years to • 30 days deduction
successive years
Itis a deduction of 1/5 of the period of
sentence to any prisoners who having
evaded the service of his sentence under
circumstances in art 158 RPC gives himself
up to the authority within 48 hours.
Deduction of 2/5 of period of his sentence
shall granted if the prisoners chose to stay
in the place of his confinement.
1st Group - Anti riot contingency group
No F/A
2nd group - Back up group may use
teargas
3rd group Trained to handled gun.
1-7 DAYS severe punishment in BJMP
1-2 MONTHS severe punishment in
BUCOR
note:
60 years old exempt from work
8 hours – minimum work time.
 PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT BRANCH
-Assign of personnel
-Procedure
- Preparation of personnel report

 PROPERTY AND SUPPLY BRANCH

-Take charge of the safe keeping of
equipment and supplies and materials needed
for the operation of the jail.
Charge of all financial matters such
as budgeting accounting and
auditing.
Take charge of the preparation of
the daily menu , prepare cook and
food and serve to an inmate.
Responsible for the maintenance and
repair of jail facilities and equipment .
And also task with cleanliness and
beautification of the jail compound.
Isa centrally located and elevated
facility where central alarm located
when there is riot.
 Conjugal visit a male inmate may enjoy
conjugal visit from his spouse in prison where
there is a facilities therefore under such
condition as maybe prescribe by authority.
 Commitment Order- a written order by the
court or any competent authority consigning
an offender to a jail or prison confinement.
 Contraband- any article item prohibited by law
or forbidden by prison rules.
Separation can be done through
proper classification of an
inmate.
Age- prisoners who age is not applicable in
adult should be segregated from older
group to prevent the youthful offender
became hardened criminal
Sex- female and male are separated away
Medical and mental condition - mentally ill
hospital patience need to be segregated
from prison .
The process by which an inmate
learns through socialization the
rules and regulation of the prison
culture.
Process of changing religion of an
inmate with the consent of the
inmate being change.
A device tool or instrument used to
hold back , keep in or control an
inmate such as hand cuffs and
chains.
 