EVOLUTION OF

PHOTOGRAPHY

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 Aristotle (347-322 BC).
• A famous Greek philosopher who
invented the first pinhole camera that
was known later as Camera Obscura
(Italian word for darkroom chamber)
which is literally translated as Darkened
Fox.

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CAMERA OBSCURA

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CAMERA OBSCURA

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 Alhazen (965-1039).
• He found out that light entering a small
hole on the wall or shuttered window of a
darkened room cast an upside down
picture of the scene outside onto the
opposite wall.
• He was considered to be the one invented
the camera.

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 Jean Baptiste Forta
• He made used of the Camera Obscura
and replaced the hole with a lens which
made the image brighter and sharper.
• He was the one who introduced the lens.

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 LENS

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 Johann Henrich Schulze
• A German scientist (Anatomist) who
discovered the Silver Nitrate when he
exposed it to light it turned purple.
• He discovered that the evening action was
not due to heat but light.
• He finally concluded that Silver Nitrate is
sensitive to light and capable of
producing images.
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 Thomas Wedgewood (1802)
• He discovered that Silver Chloride is
more sensitive than Silver Nitrate and
thus, more capable of recording and
producing images.

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 Joseph Nicephore Niepce
• By 1822, he claim some success, achieving
what he called Points De Vue – smart
images made by the Camera Obscura
with more than eight hours exposure.
• He took the world’s very first photograph
called Heliography.

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 Louise Jacques Mande
Daguerre (1838-1839)
• He invented the principle that Silver
plate photograph and using the Daguerro
type that produces one of a kind picture
on metal which was presented by French
Scientific Academy.
• He invented the Daguerro type in Paris.

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DAGUERROTYPE

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 Mathew B. Brandy
• When the American Civil War broke out,
he was able to preserve the scene with the
use of a camera.

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MATHEW B. BRANDY

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 William Henry Fox Talbot
(1839)
• He is the Father of Modern Photography.
• He invented the Calotype which produces
a negative picture on paper, the light on
the image was recorded as dark and dark
as light.

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CALOTYPE

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 • An image of a
latticed window in
Lacock Abbey in
1835 by Talbot is a
print from the
oldest photographic
negative in
existence.
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 John F.W. Herschel
• He coined the word Photography.

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 Frederick Scott Archer
• He pioneered the wet collodian process
which took place of the Collotype known
as colodian type process.

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Ambrotype

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 Ferrotype

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 Daniel Barbaro
• He introduced the use of the lens in the
camera.

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 Sir Isaac Newton (1666)
• An English Philosopher, Mathematician
and Physicist who discovered and proved
that the strongest light is white light.
• He defended his theory by allowing a
white light (sunlight) to pass through a
prism thus refracting and diffracting the
light onto its component parts.

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 Maddaox (1884)
• He successfully introduced the plate with
gelatin. The roll film came and new
brands of cameras with different lens and
mechanism were placed in the market.

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Andre Adulphe Eugene Disperi
• He popularized the small cheap portrait
wherein anyone could afford a picture of
himself or herself.

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 Nadar
• He took the first Aerial photographs of
Paris from a free balloon in 1858.

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 Sir William Abney
• He discovered the use of Hydroquinone
as a developing agent in 1880 in England.

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 George Eastman
• Introduced the use of roll film made of
celluloid materials for use by a portable
camera.

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 Wilhelm Roentgen (1895)
• He discovered X-ray photography which
later become the basis of Radiograph
used by the doctors in measuring the
heartbeat and to see the other structure
of the body.

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D.O. Hill and Robert Adamson
• Used photographic
portraits in printing.

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 Aloh Roemer (Denmark)
• He measured the speed of light in 1676.

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James Clark Maxwell.
• A British scientist who
discovered the
wavelength structure
of light after 20 years
of research.
• Colour photographs
could be formed using
red, green and blue
filters.

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 Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor
• He introduced a process of negatives on
glass using albumen as a binding
medium.

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Louis Desirie Blanquart-Evard
• He introduced a printing paper coated
with albumen to achieve a glossy surface.

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 Odelbercht
• He first advocated the use of
photography for the identification of
criminals and the documentation of
evidence and crime scenes.

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 Alphonse Bertillon (1882)
• He initiated anthropometric
measurements for personal identification
was also involved in various means of
documentation by photography which
developed into a fine science of
Criminalistics when he photographed
crime scenes and formulated a techniques
of contact photography to demonstrate
erasures on documents.

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 Dr. R.A. Reis (1902),
• A German scientist who contributed
heavily to the use of photography in
forensic science and established the
world’s earliest crime laboratory that
serviced the academic community and
the Swiss police.

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 Victor Baltazard (1910)
• He developed a method of photographic
comparison of bullets and cartridge cases
which act as an early foundation of the
field of ballistics.

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 Edwin H. Land (1947)
• He introduced Polaroid – one-step
photography.

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 Gabriel Lippmann (1908)
• He won the Nobel Laureate in Physics for
his method of reproducing colors
photographically based on the
phenomenon of interference, also known
as Lippman plate.

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 D.A. Woodward (1857)
• First constructed an enlarger.

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 Wothly
• He made a few improvements to
Woodward's solar camera, and exhibited
portraits almost at life size. Wothly's
solar camera was a monstrosity! The
condenser had a diameter of 1 metre. The
heat of the condensed rays of sun was
such that one had to have water troughs
built in.

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 Draper (1840)
• First ever reference to an enlarging
process can be attributed to Draper. In
1840 he wrote: "Exposures are made
with a very small camera on very small
plates. They are subsequently enlarged to
the required size in a larger camera on a
rigid stand.

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Mrs. Cherry Ann Avena Cabarrubias 56
Griffin and Sons
• They made the
simple daylight
enlarger.

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 Steven Sasson
• An American
Electrical Engineer
who invented the
digital camera.

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IMPORTANT DATES

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 16th century
• Italian scholars used the camera as a
drawing apparatus. Instead of using a
darkroom, they used box with a lens and
placed a mirror.

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 17th century
• Camera Obscura was built-in with
convex lens.

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 1800
• Thomas Wedgewood and Humphey Davy
produced photograms.

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PHOTOGRAM

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 1839
• The birth year of modern photography,
the year when the Science of
Photography became a public knowledge.

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 1850
• The year when photography was already
well-developed. It was used as an art
concerned with landscape, portraiture
and architectural presentation.

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 1835
• The year when colored films, sensitized
materials and different brands of
cameras came in different types and
model sold in the market.

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 1859
• In the United States, one of the earliest
applied Forensic Science was in
photography. It was used to demonstrate
evidence in a California case. Enlarged
photographs of a signature were
presented in a court case involving
forgery.

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 1890
• Full corrected lens were introduced.

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 1906
• A plate was placed on the market that
could reproduce all colors in equivalent
shades of gray.

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 1907
• Lummiere color process was introduced.
A panchromatic film was used but with
blue, green and red filter.

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 1935
• Color process came
out together with
electronic flash.

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 1960
• LASER was invented making possible
Holograms – tri-dimensional pictures.

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 1970
• Colored photography has matured as an
artistic medium.

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 1981
• Sony unveiled the firs consumer camera
to use a charge-couple device for
imaging, eliminating the need for film.
The Sony Mavica saved images to disk,
the images were displayed on television,
and the camera was not fully digital.

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 1988
• Arrival of true digital cameras.

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 1990
• Kodak unveiled the DCS 100, the first
commercially available digital cameras.

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LENS

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CONVEX LENS

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CONVEX LENS

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CONCAVE LENS

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NORMAL LENS

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WIDE ANGLE LENS

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ZOOM LENS

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RAPID RECTILINEAR LENS

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ANASTIGMATIC LENS

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ANCHROMATIC LENS

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PROCESS LENS

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FIXED FOCUS LENS

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MACRO LENS

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ZOOM LENS

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SPHERICAL ABBERATION

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SPHERICAL ABBERATION

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CHROMATIC ABBERATION

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CHROMATIC ABBERATION

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ASTIGMATISM

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 COMA

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Curvature of Field

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 Distortion

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Flare or optical flare

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MECHANICAL FLARE

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LIGHT LOSS

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STRAY LIGHT

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FILTERS

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 PRIMARY COLORS
• Red, blue, and green
are the primary
colors of light.
• Mixing these colors
can produce all of the
colors of the
spectrum.

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 SECONDARY COLORS
• The complementary
colors are cyan,
magenta, and yellow
which are formed by
combining the two
adjacent primary
colors.

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COLOR WHEEL

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INVERSE SQUARE LAW

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FACTORS AFFECTING
THE COLOR
OF THE DAY

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ATMOSPHERIC VAPOR

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ATMOSPHERIC DUST

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REFLECTED LIGHT

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 FILTERS

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BLUE FILTERS

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GREEN FILTERS

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YELLOW FILTERS

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ULTRAVIOLET FILTERS

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 SPECIAL 18A
DEEP PURPLE FILTERS

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POLARIZING FILTER

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TYPES OF FILTERS

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LIGHT BALANCING FILTER

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LIGHT BALANCING FILTER

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COLOR COMPENSATING
FILTERS

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NEUTRAL DENSITY FILTER

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NEUTRAL DENSITY FILTER

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SENSITIZED MATERIALS

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 FILM

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VISUAL IMAGE

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PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER

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PANCHROMATIC FILM

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BLUE SENSITIVE FILM

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ORTHOCHROMATIC FILM

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MINICOPY FILM

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POLAROID FILM

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COLOR FILM

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COLOR INFRA-RED FILM

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X-RAY FILM

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