Pollution Cap

AKASH SRIVASTAVA
1651140002
 Industrial chimney waste
 There are various ventures which are wellspring of air contamination. One of
them is petroleum refineries which emit gasses such as sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and Nitrogen oxide (NOx). In addition, cement factories also produce waste
which are harmful to human health. Stone crushers and hot blend plants are
additional source of pollutants.

 Thermal power stations

 There are many power stations and super warm power stations in India. One
of these is the National warm power partnership (NTPC) which has set up
four mammoth coal-fueled power stations located at Singrauli in U.P., Korba
in M.P., Ramagundam in Andhra Pradesh and Farakka in W. Bengal.
However, the main pollutants are fly powder, SO2 and different gasses and
hydrocarbons.
 POLLUTION CAP.

 It is the type of device that will help simply in coverting industrial air
pollution into least contaiminated air.
 This aim is achieved by the arrangement consisting of 3 different stages
working togather to make this possible.
 This works on the phenomena of adsorption.
 This box has the ability to get connected with chimneys and hence work
in a proper manner.
 Material used for its development.

 metals have high melting points.

 • Niobium
 • Molybdenum
 • Tantalum
 • Tungsten
 • Rhenium…
 These material can also be substitute with other metals or material on
the basis of temperature condition.
 3 stages

 CARBON SMOKE PRECIPITATOR: (1ST filter)

 How the smoke/electrostatic precipitator works

 In the above diagram, the metal mesh is charged with a negative charge and the metal cylinder
is charged with a positive charge.
 Uncharged smoke rises up the tube. As it passes through the metal mesh, smoke particles pick
up a negative electron from the mesh causing them to become negatively charged.
 Unlike charges attract each other so the now negatively charged smoke particles are attracted
to the positively charged cylinder and when they get there they stay there. The remaining
uncharged air continues up through the tube.
 The bottom edge of the cylinder is deliberately rounded/smooth. This is to avoid creating
positive ions in the air and deionizing the smoke particles before they get to the cylinder. With
a rounded/smooth bottom edge, the electric field there is not so strong as to do ionization.

 VOLTAGE SUPPLY : 10KV AND MORE DC SUPPLY

 2nd Filter:

 ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER :

 This filter is to make nitrogen particles to adsorb.

 The surface of an activated carbon filter may also interact chemically with
organic molecules. Electrical forces between the AC surface and the
chemical nature of some contaminants may result in ion exchange or
adsorption.

 By providing huge surface area the remaining smoke that contains mainly
now suphur and nitrogen starts adsorbing nitrogen .
Activated charcoal works by trapping toxins and chemicals in its millions of
tiny pores. Typically, however, it's not used when petroleum, alcohol, lye,
acids or other corrosive poisons are ingested. It doesn't absorb the toxins,
however. Instead it works through the chemical process of adsorption.
Removing sulphur oxides flowchart.
 Continues..

 Emissions of SO2 generated during the combustion of fossil fuels can be reduced
by treating the flue gases before they are emitted into the atmosphere via the
stack; this is termed Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD). Flue gas
desulphurisation systems can be classified as either Regenerable or Non-
regenerable.

 Limestone/Gypsum System
 This process is the most globally used FGD system. This system is relatively
simple: crushed limestone / lime is mixed with water to form a slurry which is
then sprayed into the sulphur containing flue gases. The sorbent reacts with the
SO2 to form an aqueous slurry of calcium sulphite. Compressed air blown into
the slurry oxidises the calcium sulphite to produce calcium sulphate. This
product is then treated to remove excess water and either sold to the building
trade or disposed of as landfill. SO2 removal can be in the region of 90%
THANKYOU.