Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Bulacan
FELIZARDO C. LIPANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sta. Rita, Guiguinto, Bulacan
What is a text?
“A text may be spoken or
written, prose or verb,
dialogue or monologue. It
may be anything from a
single proverb to a whole
play.”
 The occurrence of a pair of cohesively
related items is called a Tie. It could be a
Reference or a Repetition
Cohesion is the use of repetition,
transitional expressions, and other
devices (cohesive cues) to guide
readers and show how the parts of a
composition relate to one another
Coherent presentation is how it is presented.

Cohesive presentation is what is presented.

 Coherence is then the
selective writing with the help of
a proper order. A chronological
order in a fictional action
sequence or a cause and effect in
a factual document.
 Cohesiveness is when the
interpretation of the meaning of
one element in the text is
dependent on the order.
Types of Cohesion
Transition and Link Words
Transitional Words

First, second, third,

finally, in the beginning,
at the start, to
begin/start with, after
that, then, in between,
before that, etc.
 Link Words

Similarly/ in the same way/ in a different way/

but/ on one hand/ on the other hand/ in
contrast/ though/ however/ moreover/ in
addition/ on top of that/ whereas......
This mostly goes together with the use of
comparatives like more/ most/ better/ best/
worse/ worst/ better than/ worse than/ even
worse.
Other Link Words

(for cause and effect)

because/ consequently/ therefore/ as a result

Conditional truths may be announced by words

like depending on/ given that/ assuming that.
Other Link Words

(for cause and effect)

because/ consequently/ therefore/ as a result

Conditional truths may be announced by words

like depending on/ given that/ assuming that.
Commenting Adverbs

Obviously, essentially,
crucially, secretively,
tacitly, boldly, clearly,
allegedly, surreptitiously
 Modal Verbs

may/ might/ can be/ could

be/ is/ has/ is not/ cannot
be/ must be
 Anaphora,
Synonyms and
Hyponyms
Anaphoric elements as in pronouns

as in this/ that/ he/ she/ it/ they/ who/

which

Synonyms and Hyponyms of the

words are used to avoid
repetition.
 Example of Hyponyms

1. They cleaned the roof.

The tiles were all dirty.

2. The book was sent by post. The cover

was missing, and many pages torn.
THANK
YOU!!!