NERVOUS TISSUE

dr. I Wayan Sugiritama,M.Kes

HISTOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MEDICAL FACULTY OF UDAYANA UNIVERSI
TY
 Introduction
• Nervous system is the most
complex system in human body
• Formed by a network of neurons &
supported/assisted by glial cells
• Each neuron has hundreds of
interconnections with other
neurons
• Nervous tissue distribute
throughout the body, classified
into : CNS and PNS

2019/10/29 2
 CONTENTS
 Cells of nervous system
 Synaptic communication

 Histological structure of CNS and PN

S

10/29/2019 3
CELLS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

NEURON NEUROGLIA

2019/10/29 4
 STRUCTURE OF NEUR
ON

 Principle cells of Nervous Ti

ssue
 Consist of 3 parts :
 CELL BODY (perikaryon/s
oma)
 A single AXON

 Multiple DENDRITES

 ø 5-150 µm

2019/10/29 5
Ultrastructure of Neuron

2019/10/29 6
DENDRITE AND AXON
 AXON
 Single process up to 100 cm
 Originate from axon hillock
 Devoid ribosome
 Dilatation of distal portion
end bulbs synapse
 conducting impulse away fro
m the soma
 Axonal transport
 DENDRITES
 Multiple elongated processes
 Cytoplasmic~perikaryon (devo
id golgi complex)
 Receiving stimuli

2019/10/29 7
NEURONS CLASSIFICATION :
According to the size and shape of the processes

2019/10/29 8
NEURON ORGANIZATION
 CORTEX
 Neuron form six layers on the cerrebrum
 Form three layers on the cerrebellum
 NUCLEI
 In subcortical region (thalamus, midbrain, brainste
m and spinal cord) neuron form irregular cluster
 nuclei
 GANGLION
 Cluster of neuron outside the CNS
2019/10/29 9
SYNAPSES

 Sites of impulse t
ransmission
 Convert electrical
signal into chemi
cal signal
 Permit neurons t
o communicate

2019/10/29 10
NEUROGLIAL CELLS
 Metabolic and mechanical su
pport for neuron
 10 times abundant than neur
ons
 Neuroglial cells undergo mito
sis
 Classification :
 Oligodendrocytes
 Astrocytes
CNS
 Ependymal Cells
 Microglia
 Schwan cells  PNS
2019/10/29 11
Neuroglial Cells on CNS

2019/10/29 12
Neuron and Neuroglial Cells

2019/10/29 13
 Schwann cells

2019/10/29 14
THE CNS
 Consist of :
 Cerebrum
 Cerebellum
 Spinal cord
 No connective tissue soft, gel l
ike
 When sectioned :
 White matter
 Gray matter
 Covered by meninges
2019/10/29 15
CEREBRUM
 GRAY MATTER
 Contains neuronal cell bodies, de
ndrites and glial cells
 Six layers composed of neuron
 Neuron (pyramidal):
 Afferent (sensory)
 Efferent (motor)
 WHITE MATTER
 Contains myelinated axons and
myelin-producing oligodendrocyt
es

2019/10/29 16
Grey and White Matter

White matter

Gray Matter

2019/10/29 17
Gray Matter

Np

N
N
G
G

Most neuronal cell bodies (N) in the CNS are larger than the much
more numerous glial cells (G) that surround them.
The various types of glial cells and their relationships with neurons a
re difficult to distinguish by most routine light microscopic methods.

2019/10/29 18
CEREBELLUM

 GRAY MATTER
 Three layers :
 Outer molecular layer
 Central layer of large
Purkinje cells
 Inner granule layer
 WHITE MATTER
 The same as cerebru
m

2019/10/29 19
SPINAL CORD
 GRAY MATTER (CENTRAL)
SHAPE OF “H”
 Central canal lined by Ependy
mal cells
 Legs of the “H” form :
 Anterior horns
 Posterior horns
 Neurons : large and multip
olar
 WHITE MATTER (PERIPHERA
L)

2019/10/29 20
SPINAL CORD

Gray Matter White Matter

2019/10/29 21
PNS
 Bundles of nerve fibers (axons)
outside the CNS & surrounded
by connective tissue

 Main component :
 Peripheral nerves

 Ganglia

 Nerve endings

2019/10/29 22
NERVE FIBERS

 Consist of axons envelo

ped by a special sheath
 Group of fibers constitu
te the peripheral nerve
 Two types :
 Myelinated fiber

 Unmyelinated fiber

2019/10/29 23
NERVE FIBER

2019/10/29 24
CONNECTIVE TISSUE INVESTMENTS
 Epineureum
 Dense collagenous Con. Tissue w
ith thick elastic fiber
 Prevent damage by overstrechin
g
 Perineureum
 Dense con. Tissue
 Layers of epithelioids
 Isolates neural environment (blo
od-nerve barrier)
 Endoneureum
 Loose con. Tissue
 Regulation of microenviron
ment of nerve fiber
25
2019/10/29
GANGLIA
 Sensory Ganglia (cell bodies of sens
ory neuron)
 Unipolar cell bodies enveloped by
cuboidal capsule cells
 Cranial ganglia : Associated with the
cranial nerve
 Spinal ganglia : Associated with the s
pinal nerve

 Autonomic Ganglia (cell bodies of p

ostganglionic autonomic nerves)
 Multipolar neuron enveloped by s
atellite cells
 Some are located within certain o
rgan (intramural)

2019/10/29 26
Learning Tasks
 Explain the basic structure and ultra structure of neuron!
 Explain the type of neuron and its location on the body!
 Describe the type, structure and function of neuroglia!
 Explain the microscopic structure of cerebrum, cerebellum and spina
l cord!
 Describe the microscopic structure of peripheral nervous system!
 Describe the type and structure of ganglion!
 Describe the structure and type of synaps!

2019/10/29 27