KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, Air Force Station Begumpet

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT DRUG ADDICTION

2019-20
Submitted by :- P VISHWATEJA

This is to certify that this “Biology Investigatory Project’ on

the topic “Drug Addiction” has been successfully completed
by Dhananjay Dhiman of class XII— A under the suidance
of Mrs. Janet Edugupanti in particular fulfilment of the
curriculum of Central Board of Secondary Education
leading to the award of annual examination of the year
2019-20
 Certificate
This is to certify that this “Biology Investigatory Project’ on
the topic “Drug Addiction” has been successfully completed
by P vishwateja of class XII— A under the suidance of Mrs.
Janet Edugupanti in particular fulfilment of the curriculum
of Central Board of Secondary Education {CBSE} leading to
the award of annual examination of the year 2016-17.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals.
I would like to thank my principal and school for providing me with facilities
required to do my project.
I am highly indebted to my Biology teacher, Mrs. Janet Edugupanti for her
invaluable guidance which has sustained my efforts in all the stages of this
project work.
I would also like to thank my parents for their continuous support and
encouragement.
INDEX
 OBJECTIVE
To study Drugs
classification Addictive
nature and prevention from
addiction
 Project Report on Drugs
Dependence
Drugs are prescribed by physicians for the prevention or
treatment of diseases, or for increasing the physical and
mental performance and are withdrawn as soon as the
desired effect is achieved. Repeated use of certain drugs on
a periodic or continuous basis may make the body
dependence. Such drugs are called psychotropic drugs.
They act on the brain and alter behavior, consciousness,
and capacity of perception. Hence, they are also termed
mood-altering drugs.
 Introduction
• Drug Addiction" phrase is made by two words:
• Drug
• Addiction
• What is meant by a drug?
• Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis,
allaviation or treatment of a disease is called a drug. A drug may also
bedefined as a chemical which, when taken in some way after the
bodyfunction. The drug is also known as a medicine. Generally, the tem
drugsapplied to any stimulating or depressing substance that can be
habituatingor addictive.
• Meaning of Addiction :-
• Addiction is the habitual, psychological and physiological dependence ona
substance or practice. Which is beyond voluntary control. A person whois
habituated to a substance or a practice, especially a harmful one, is
calledan addict.
 Classification of Drugs
• There are a large number of drugs on which people become
dependent.These are classified into four major groups: sedatives and
tranquilizers,opiate narcotics, stimulants and hallucinogens

Type of Drug Examples Effect

Barbiturates Giving a feeling of calmness ,
Sedatives and tranquillizers Benzodiazepines Relaxation, drowsiness

Opium ,morphine Supress brain activity

Opiate Narcotics Codein,heroine relaxed by pain

Amphetamines Make person more active

Stimulants Caffine,coccaine Wakeful and alert
Cause exitment
Ganja,charas Alter thought feelings
Hallucinogens Hashish And perception
 Combination of drugs and
alcohol
• Some addicts use mixtures of drugs to have immediate 'kid' or
'chargeSimultaneous use of drug and alcohol may produce dangerous
effects,including death. When barbiturates and alcohol are taken together, each
doubles the effect of the other. A mixture of cocaine and heroin calledspeedball
gives a spontaneous kick of cocaine and prolonged pleasure of heroin.

Combination Effect
Markedly increase the
Alcohol + barbiturates
Depresent level

Alcohol + antihistamines Marked drowsiness

Alcohol + varium Dramatically increase the sedative effect

Decrease coordination
Alcohol + marijuana
Increase reaction time
Increase changes of damage to Gastric
Alcohol + aspirin
mucosa
 How Does drugs addiction begins
• Curiosity
• Friends pressure
• Frustation
• Depression
• The desire for more work
• Lookimg for a dream world
• Relief form pain
• Family history
• Exitment and adventure
 Social disease – Smoking
Drinking and use of drugs
• Smoking and drinking and use of drugs frequently orregularly
are social diseases. They adversely affect the healthof the
addicts and the society. Young people take to thesehabits for
fun, show off or curiosity, as an adventure orfeeling of freedom,
or as a gesture of defiance against theelders who themselves
indulge in these activities but checkthe youngsters. Other
factors that make people take to thesevices are the inability to
face problems of life indifferenceshown by members of the
family and encouragement orpressure by friends. A temporary
escape from the lifeproblems and mental relaxation felt on
taking the drugs inthe beginning increase person's interest in
them. Soon theybecome habitual and find in difficult to leave.
The daily doseto get the desired effect increases with time.
• As in other countries, the menace of drug addiction isspreading
in India also. A large number of our young menand women have
taken to intoxicants. About 87.6 per centdrug addicts are
between the ages of 14 and 25 years.
 Tobacco
• Sources:
• It is a native of South Africa, where the Indian first started smoking. Now "he tobacco plant has
spread the world 'war. It has large. quote to lanceolate ueaves and terminal clusters of tubular,
white or pink flowers.
• Modes of use :
• Tobacco is used for smoking. chewing and snuffing. its main:timulating component is poisonous
volatile alkaloid nicotine.Nhich causes addiction. Nicotine Synthesis occurs in the roots of theslant
but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to 8%nicotine. inhaling tobacco smoke from
cigars. cigarettes. biddies.zipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. The cigar is a roll of'obacco
leaf. The cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in paper. Eidi isobacco wrapped. In a piece of leaf.
Tobacco smoke is drawn:lirectly from the pipe and through water is hubee-bubble. Smokingnay
give some temporary relief to the strained nerves but in theong run, it proves a dangerous health
hazard. The quantity ofwicotine contained in one cigar may prove fatal if injectedntravenously
into a person. When smoked only 10% of the smokes inhaled. Hence. no immediate ill effect is
observed. Smokers mayievelop a physiological craving for nicotine and then they cannotgive up
smoking.
Effect Of Nicotine
• Nicotine is a low concentration. ‘
• (i) Stimulates conduction of nerveimpulses.
• (ii) Relaxes lhe muscles.
• (iii) Releases adrenaline. increasing heart beat rate and pressure.
• (iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking chance; the risk ofhean diseases,
• (v) Retards foetal growth in expecting mothers .
• (vi) Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration of nicotineparalyzes nerve cells.
• other effects
• :(i) fmoking effect; economy: A smoker not only waste money buT also runs the risk of burns and fires.
• (ii) Teeth may become stained. Lips mayget discolored and breaih becomes foul, A person wiih a cigarenehanging from the
mouth looks odd.
• (iii) fmoking i: annoying to when: Cigarette smoke is quireannoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more harmful
toiheml A smoker should avoid smoking, When in the company ofnonsmokers. A smoker makes the person nearby
person‘s pasxivesmokers ihrough inhaling smoke releaxed by him.- n
 Alcohol
• Sources:
• Ethyl aleohol. or ethanol. flammable. (olorless liquid having a
penetratingodour and burning taste. It is one of the product: of the
distillation ofiennented grainy. huit juice; and :tatahes with the help oi
yeasi enzymex. itI: the principal constituent and the intoxicating principle
of wines
• Modes of use :
• Alcohol ie taken in low concentration. as me beer. toddy. and wine and
inrelatively high concentration a; arrack, brandy, whiskeyt rum gin. Vodka
EtC.
• Addiction:
• Addiction to alcohol ix called alcoholism. Alcoholic; are found In all
rocietyxeaion of iocieny. Alcohol causes intoxication and mm. acts a: a
poison.They drinker; begin with small doxex. but many of them soon
startconsuming large dose: and become addicts. By the time they realize
thatdrinking in adversely affecting thema it is too late to give it up.
Why people take drinking:
'The drinkers offer one or more onne following
reasons for starting drinking.
(i) Sociai pressure
(ii) Desire for exciiemeni
(iii) Feeling of independence
(iv) Liking oi iasie
(v) Desire io escape from such reaiiiies of life as
disappoinirnenis andiaiiures and
(vi) .The desire io oiisei «he hardships and monotony
of daiiy life.IS
 What happens when alcohol is
consumed

Alcohol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and upper part of the small
intestine and reaches all the tissues in minute. Oxidation starts at once
and hear is released.since heat is not required by the body it is taken
up by the blood and carried out to the skin for dissipation.since the
receptor of heat are located in the skin gives a false impression of
warmth. The blood supply reduce because of the fall of temperature in
them
 Conclusion

• Drug use and addiclion cause a Iol of disease

and disability in theworld. Recent advances in
neuroscience may help improve policiesto reduce
the harm that the use of tobacco, alcohol and
otherpxychoaclive drugs impose on society.
 Bibliography
• See H. Abadimky. Drug Abuse (1989); H. T. Milhorn. Jr.»
ChemicalDependence (1990): D. Baum. Smoke and
Mirrors: The War on Drugs andihe Polmcs of Failure
(1995); M. Massing. The Fix (1998);}. Johnex.Hepcakse
Narcs. and Pipe Dreams: A History of America's Romance
wishIilegai Drugs (1999); publications of the Drugs &
Crime Data Cemer andClearinghouse the Bureau of Jusiice
Siaiistics Clearinghouse and Drug Information.