Proses Manufaktur

Machining operation and machine tools

Machining operation and machine tools
• Machining (prsoses permesinan) merupakan proses manufaktur paling
serbaguna dan akurat dalam kemampuannya untuk memproduksi beragam
bentuk part.
• Casting (pengecoran) juga dapat memproduksi beragam bentuk, tetapi
kurang dalam presisi dan akurasi.
Proses permesinan
• Setiap proses permesinan menghasilkan karakteristik geometris
dikarenakan 2 faktor:
• Pergerakan relatif antara tool dan juga benda kerja
• Bentuk dari cutting tool
• Klasifikasi operasi dari bentuk benda yang dibuat
• Generating: geometri dari benda kerja dipengaruhi oleh lintasan feed dari
cutting tool (pahat)
• Forming: bentuk dari benda kerja dibuat dari bentuk geometri cutting tool
(pahat)
Generating
Forming
Kombinasi

Turning and lathe basics
• Turning is a machining process in which a
single-point tool removes material from
the surface of a rotating workpiece
N = rotational speed, rev/min
v = cutting speed, m/min
D0 = original diameter, mm
Df = final diameter, mm
d = depth of cut
f = feed, mm/rev
fr = feed rate, mm/min
Tm = time of actual machining, min
L = length, mm
MRR = material removal rate mm3/min

v
N
 D0
L
Tm  f
f  Nf r
r

D D
0 f
 2d MRR  vfd
Operation related to turning
Lathe (Mesin bubut)
Contoh urutan operasi turning
Mesin bor
• Boring is similar to turning. It uses a single-point tool against a rotating
workpart.
• The difference is that boring is performed on the inside diameter of an
existing hole rather than the outside diameter of an existing cylinder.
Drilling and related operation
• Drilling, is a machining operation used to create a round hole in a
workpart.
• This contrasts with boring, which can only be used to enlarge an existing
hole. v
N = spindle speed, rev/min N
v = cutting speed, mm/min D
D = drill diameter, mm f  Nf
r
f = feed, mm/rev d
Fr = feed rate, mm/min Tm  f

r
Tm = machining time, min
T = work thickness, mm A  0.5D tan( 90  )
tA 2
A = approach allowance T m

MRR = material rate of return f r

D
2

MRR 
f r
4
Operation related to drilling
Mesin drilling

Upright Drill press & radial drill press

Milling
• Milling is a machining operation in which a workpart is fed past a
rotating cylindrical tool with multiple cutting edges
Peripheral milling

• In peripheral milling, also called plain milling, the axis of the tool is parallel to the surface being machined,
• The operation is performed by cutting edges on the outside periphery of the cutter.
Face milling

• In face milling, the axis of the cutter is perpendicular to the surface being milled,
• machining is performed by cutting edges on both the end and outside periphery of the cutter
Parameter permesinan milling (peripheral)
v
N
D
f  N nt f
r

MRR  wd f r

A d (D  d )
L A
T m
 • Nt = number of teeth
f r
Parameter permesinan milling (face milling)
Mesin milling
Mesin milling
 Machining centers
A machining center is a highly
automated machine tool capable of
performing multiple machining
operations under computer numerical
control in one setup with minimal
human attention, having features:
• Multiple operations in one setup
• Automatic tool-changing
• Pallet shuttles
• Automatic workpart positioning
Contoh operasi pada mill-turn centers
Other machining operation
• Shaping and planing
• Broaching
• Sawing
Shaping and planning

Shaping and planing are similar operations, both involving the use of a single-point cutting tool
moved linearly relative to the workpart.
Mesin planer dan shaper
Bentuk-bentuk shaping dan planing
Broaching
Broaching is performed using a multiple-teeth cutting tool by
moving the tool linearly relative to the work in the direction of
the tool axis
Sawing
High speed machining
Tugas
1. Pilih sebuah komponen nyata yang memiliki proses turning.
• Sketsa kondisi material awal dan setiap tahap proses pemotongan hingga bentuk akhir produk.
• Tentukan parameter pemesinannya; jika v=2.5m/s, f=0.3mm/rev.

2. Pilih sebuah komponen nyata lainnya yang memiliki proses milling

• Sketsa kondisi material awal dan setiap tahap proses pemotongan hingga bentuk akhir produk.
• Tentukan diameter pahat yang cocok untuk setiap proses pemesinan komponen tersebut
• Tentukan parameter pemesinannya

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