Group 1

FEBI AYU WULANDARI

LELI LIDIYAWATI

TITY RATUARAT

DORSILA
DIARRHEA
 1. UNDERSTANDING DIARRHEA

Diarrhea is a disease characterized by an

increase in the frequency of defecation more than
normal (3 or more per day) accompanied by
changes in the shape and consistency of feces
from patients (MOH RI, RI Ministry of Health
concerning P2D guidelines, Jkt, 2002).
 So, diarrhea is a condition of defecation
frequency more than 4 times in infants and
more than 3 times in children, the consistency
of fecal discharge, can be green or can also be
mixed with mucus and blood or only mucus.
signs and symptoms of diarrhea in children
are:
 Symptoms of Diarrhea
a. Crybaby
b. Restless
c. Temperature is rising
d. Decreased appetite
e. Liquid stools, lenders sometimes have blood, long
stools green and sour
f. Anus blisters
g. Weight loss
Due to Diarrhea
a) Dehidrasi
Dehydration will cause disruption of the body's
metabolic balance. This disorder can result in death in
infants. This death is more caused by infants or children
running out of body fluids.
b) Growth disturbance
This disorder occurs because food intake stops while
nutrient depletion continues.
The Indonesian Ministry of Health (2000)
classifies the types of diarrhea into four groups:

1. Acute diarrhea : diarrhea that lasts less than fourteen

days (generally less than seven days),
2. dysentery; which is diarrhea with blood in the stool,
3. Persistent diarrhea; namely diarrhea that lasts more than
fourteen days continuously,
4. Diarrhea with other problems; children who suffer from
diarrhea (acute and persistent diarrhea) may also be
accompanied by other diseases such as fever, nutritional
disorders or other diseases.
 Etiology
1. Infection Factor
a. Internal factors: food digestive tract infections which are
the main cause of diarrhea in children. Includes internal
infections as follows:
a. Bacterial infections
b. virus infections
c. parasite infections

2. Food factor
Stale food, poisonous, food allergic.
 Some behaviors that can increase the risk of
diarrhea in infants, namely (MOH RI, 2007):

 Do not give breast milk in full the first 4-6 months of life.
For infants who are not breastfed, the risk of suffering
from diarrhea is greater than for toddlers who are given
full milk, and the likelihood of suffering from severe
dehydration is greater
 Using a milk bottle, the use of this bottle facilitates
pollution by germs because the bottle is difficult to clean.
 Use polluted drinking water, etc.
* Diarrhea classification Based on the signs

No. Assessment A B C

Listless, weak or
A See general situation Okay, be aware Restless, fussy
unconscious
Very concave and
Eye Normal Sunken
dry

Tears There is There is no There is no

Mouth and Tongue Wet Very dry

Dry
Drinking normal is Thirsty, want to drink Drinking or not
Taste thirsty
not thirsty a lot drinking

B Check up result Without dehydration Mild dehydration Severe dehydration

C Therapy Therapy plan A B C

 Management

1. Rehydration using low osmolality ORS

2. Zinc is given for 10 consecutive days
3. Continue breastfeeding and food
4. Selective Antibiotics
5. Advice to parents / caregivers
 I. Treatment
a. Give children more fluids than usual.
1. Use fluids such as ORS, starch water, aqua or boiled water
b. Give children food to prevent lack of breast milk
1. Continue breastfeeding.
2. For children <6 months and have not received solid food
and can be given LLM milk melted with water.
3. If the child is> 6 months old or has received solid food.
c. Take the child to a health worker if the child has no
progress within 2 days, for example:
1. Still Diarrhea
2. Vomiting
3. Difficulty drinking and eating
4. Fever
 Prevention of Diarrhea
• Give ASI
• Improve complementary foods
• Use enough clean water
• Wash your hands
• Using a toilet
• Dispose of correct baby stool
• Preparation of hygienic foods such as maintaining
cleanliness of the food or drinks we eat, close food
tightly to avoid the flies and clean eating utensils or
children's play equipment
• Sanitation of clean water
• Personal hygiene
 Family attitudes in preventing diarrhea, among
others, namely :

• Provide hygienic food

• Wash your hands with soap
• Cover food
• Cook water until it boils
 Diarrhea transmission
Transmission of diarrheal disease is direct contact
with infected feces, such as :
1. Contaminated food and drink, whether contaminated
by insects or contaminated by dirty hands.
2. Playing with toys that are contaminated, especially in
infants often put their hands, toys, or others in the
mouth.
3. Use of polluted water sources that do not cook water
properly
4. Washing and use of unclean milk bottles, etc.
 Complications
As a result of diarrhea, sudden loss of fluid and
electrolytes can occur various complications as
follows:
1. dehydration (mild, moderate, severe, hypotonic,
isotonic or hypertonic)
2. Hypovolemic shock
3. Hypoglycemia
4. Secondary intolerance due to intestinal mucous villi
damage and lactation enzyme deficiency.
5. Malnutrition of protein energy