Automobile Black Box System for Accident Analysis

TEAM MEMBERS: TEJAS VAITY (ROLL NO. 7910)

RAJESH VISHWAKARMA (ROLL NO. 7912)
SACHIN WAGLE (ROLL NO. 7913)

GUIDE: PROF. SWAPNALI MAKDEY

Agenda

 According to the World Health Organization, more than a million people in the
world die each year because of transportation-related accidents.
 Black Box system is used to solve this issue.
 It is used to analyze the cause of vehicular accidents .We propose a prototype
of an Automobile Black Box System that can be installed into vehicles.
 It is also used to settle many disputes related to car accident such as crash
litigation, insurance settlements.
 This is the purpose to implement this project.
Literature Survey

Approach 1- Vehicle Black Box System

Abdallah Kassem,Rabih Jabr,Ghady Salamouni,Ziad Khairallah Maalouf
Dept of Electrical & Comp Engg , Notre Dame University

 This system is committed mainly to two approaches.

 The first one is how to detect and record data from the vehicle.
 The second is how to present the data recorded to the user in a simplified way.
To implement the first approach, some major components and different type of
sensors were used. While the second approach was implemented using a
Visual Basic .NET computer program. This program receives the data serially
from the black box memory, presents it in real-time graphics and finally saves it
to a formal excel report for future use.
 The most important information needed after an accident are: Belt status, Road
condition, Brake status, Speed Measurement, Position of the accident, Main
Lights status.
 Hardware Resources:
 1). Speed Sensor: An inductive proximity sensor HYP-18RL8P is used to detect the
number of wheel turns per unit of time.

 2). Water Sensor: The water sensor module used is very sensitive to water level,
and its sensitivity can be increased by turning the potentiometer. This module
consists of two uncovered and unconnected wires equidistant of each other. When
this sensor detects water, the two wires will be connected through water
conductivity, and the status of the sensor will be on.

 3). Switches: To stimulate accident sensors and belt sensors push button are used.
a). Accident Sensors
 The purpose is to detect only accidents that hit the chassis of the vehicle, only
eight pushbuttons are used around the vehicle.
b). Belt Sensors
 One push button is used to detect the place of the seat belt during the drive.
 4). Light sensor: The important lights in the analysis of an accident are the
flashers, the brake lights and the rear lights.

 5). Brake Sensor: The brake sensor is a type of switch implemented in the
vehicle underneath the brake footstep.In order to know if the driver pushed
the brake during the accident, this switch is connected to the input of the
microcontroller.
 Approach 2 -Automobile Black Box System For Accident Analysis
Monisha Prasad, Arundhati S,Nayana Anil, Harshika
Dept of Electronics & Comm, R.V. College of Engg, Bangalore

 It is used to analyze the cause of vehicular accidents.

 The system aims to achieve accident analysis by objectively tracking what occurs
in vehicles.
 The Black Box sends an alert message to a pre-stored mobile number via Short
Message Service (SMS) in the case of occurrence of an accident.
OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM

 The output of the sensors is read from Controller 1 and communicated to Controller
2.

 The data is stored on the SD card. To prevent falsification of the data, encryption
algorithm is used and the data is retrieved using the decryption algorithm.
 Approach 3 - EVIDENCE COLLECTING SYSTEM FROM CAR BLACK BOX
Ms. Kontham Lavanya, Mrs Y. Roji
JNTUH University, Hyderabad

 Elaborate the collection of the real time data after the detection of collision in an around the vehicle
environment.
1. Real time Data collection
 Visual data: Images/Video records.
 Collision Data: Time, speed from accelerometer.
 Positioning Data: GPS Location.

2.Report Generation
 Analyze the accident easily and to handle many problems related to car accident like crash
litigation, insurance settlements.
3.Wireless Communication
 GSM/GPRS
 
 HARDWARE DESIGN
 ARM Controller unit AT91SAM9260 32-bit ARM microprocessor.
 This microprocessor has rich resources, including Camera, USB, GPS Modem,
GSM/GPRS Module, Power, etc.
 Communication from sensor board to ARM board is done using UART through
RS-232 cable.

 SOFTWARE DESIGN
 Linux is used as operating system because Linux system is having a
hierarchical structure and completely opens its kernel source.
 The function of Boot loader is to initialize the hardware devices, establish
memory mapping tables, thus establish appropriate hardware and software
environment.
Various warnings are given to the driver using a range of sensors. An alcohol sensor
module consisting of MQ3 gas sensor is used to warn the driver when he/she is high
on alcohol.
An Ultrasonic Ranging Module HC-SR04 is used for distance gauge. The driver is
provided warning if the vehicle approaches too close to the vehicle in front or rear.
Infra red object sensor modules are used for lane detection. The lane marking of white
color on a dark road is assumed; when the driver switches the lane,the sensor will
sense the white line and indicates through LED.
A GPS system is used to determine the co-ordinates of the accident location in order
to send it along with an alert message to pre-stored numbers using a GSM module.
The GPS module is interfaced to Arduino using UART protocol.
 The Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) in Arduino Uno controller is used to convert
analog sensor values to digital values. The analog sensors used are accelerometer,
alcohol sensor, LDRs. The output from digital pins of Arduino interfaced to the
various sensor readings are communicated to Raspberry Pi controller using USB.
 Raspberry Pi stores these values and saves it as a .txt file in a Secured Digital(SD)
card which can be read after the accident to determine the cause of the crash. The
GSM module is interfaced to Raspberry Pi controller using USB communication.
 It is used to send the GPS data and an alert message to pre-stored numbers in the
Subscriber Identity Number (SIM) card. The wheel speed module is connected to
the Raspberry Pi using the Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter
(UART) module to record the rpm (rotations per minute).
 A Real Time Clock is interfaced to the Raspberry Picontroller using Inter-Integrated
Circuit (I2C)protocol. Real Time Clock is used to record the time at which the
accident occurs.
 A Raspberry Pi Camera is interfaced to the Raspberry Pi by plugging into the
Camera Serial Interface (CSI) slot in Raspberry Pi. It is used to take video inside
the vehicle and store it on an SD card. It can be retrieved later to determine
thecause of an accident.
 The crash sensor similar to the one used in air bag deployment is used to sense
the occurrence of an accident.
Block Diagram
 Software & Hardware Requirements

Software:
 Arduino IDE
 Python IDE
 Keil uVision 3
Hardware:
 Raspberry Pi Board
 Arduino Board
 Analog Sensors( Temp, Alcohol, Ultrasonic, LDR, IR)
 GPS & GSM Module
 Accelerometer
 Scheme of Implementation:

 Interfacing of different analog sensors & other modules with Arduino Board.

 Checking of synchronization of data between different sensors.

 The output from digital pins of Arduino interfaced to the various sensor readings are
communicated to Raspberry Pi controller using USB.

 Storage of data on SD Card mounted on Raspberry Pi.