Research & Development

(R&D)
Academic Year – 2018 -19
pH Analysis of Drinking Water
 WHAT IS R&D?
Research and Development plays a critical
role in the innovation process. It’s
essentially an investment in technology
and future capabilities which are
transformed into new products,
processes, and services.
Steps In R&D
 R&D

RND
Purpose of the Research
Introduction and Background
Review of Literature
Hypothesis
Aims and Objectives
Methodology and material
Carry out the work – Actual research
Statistical Analysis
Interpretation of results
Summary & conclusion of results and discussion
Bibliography
 Step 1
Purpose of the Project
The research purpose is a statement of “why” the
study is being conducted, or the goal of the study.
 Step 1

Purpose of the Project

 Step 1
Purpose of the Project
 Step 1
Purpose of the Project
 Step 2
Introduction and Background
The rationale of the statement is arrived after analyzing and
understanding the problem in issue and formulation of hypothesis.
Introduction and background gives us an idea of what is the
background and previous theoretical studies.
 Step 2
Introduction and background…
 Step 2
Introduction & Background…
 Step 2
Water and pH????
 Step 3

Review of Literature
The literature review is a summary of previous research on a
topic. The literature review surveys scholarly articles,
books, and other resources relevant to a particular area
of research or interest. It gives a historical background,
describes issues, debates, theories, concepts etc., shows
how research will extend these or address a gap.
 Step 3

Review of Literature
 Step 3

Review of Literature
Review 1: Research paper on Sterlite copper
factory.
Review 2: The United Nationals Contribution on pH based on their past resolutions.

Step 3

Review of Literature
Review 2: The UN’s Contribution on pH based on
their past resolutions.
Review 2: The United Nationals Contribution on pH based on their past resolutions.

Step 3

 Resolution 64/292 –
Review 2: The United Nationals Contribution on pH based on their past resolutions.

Step 3

 Resolution A/HRC/RES/18/1
A step forward – compilation of good practices on
right to safe drinking water and sanitation-
emphasis given on practical solutions.
Review 2: The United Nationals Contribution on pH based on their past resolutions.

Step 3

 Resolution 64/24 –
 Emphasis on maintaining pH – promoting access
to safe drinking water.
Review 2: The United Nationals Contribution on pH based on their past resolutions.

Step 3

 Resolution 64/24 –
Interview Session with PMC Ward Officer

Mr. Narendra Mudliyar

 Step 4

Make a Hypothesis
A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as a starting point for further
investigation. Its something which is assumed to be true
for the sake of agreement.
 Step 4

Make a Hypothesis
Pollution affects the pH of drinking Water
 Statement of the Problem

The impurities of water then arise many different

questions which call for attention:

1. Does the source of drinking water in Pune city

acidic in nature???
2. Is effluent from sewage plant properly treated???
3. Does the water we drink have taste, odour
and color?????
Statement of the Problem
 Step 5

Aims and Objectives

Aims - This will prove the hypothesis. It is a statement to
set out what you want to achieve at the end of the
study.
Objectives - are measurable outcomes.
 Step 6

Methodology of Research
This basically means the Science of how research is
done scientifically. It is a way to systematically
and logically solve a problem.
Methodology of Research
Methodology of Research
Methodology of Research
 Step 7
Carry out Actual Research
Execution of the research with the help of the
given methodology in order to find out the
results.
 Step 7
Actual Research….
 Step 7
Actual Research….
 Step 8

Use effective statistical programmes to interpret

the results.
It is used to evaluate the credibility of the data
and make appropriate decisions.
 Step 8

Use effective statistical programmes to interpret

the results.
 Step 8

Percentage of Respondents
Use of
chemicals to
clean water
Traditional
methods of
cleaning water
Percentage of
Use of water respodents
purifiers

PMC water
supply

0 50 100 150
 Step 8

Cleaning of overhead tank(%)

Twice a year

Cleaning of
overhead
Once a year tank(%)

0 50 100 150
 Step 8
Safest form of drinking water

PMC Water

Rain water

Safest form of drinking

water
Boiled water

Purified water

0 10 20 30 40 50
 Step 8

Awareness about pH of drinking water

Aware

Awareness about pH of
drinking water

Not aware

0 20 40 60 80
Experimental Result of Water Samples
Water Sample pH
Mandhavi River, Goa 7.3
Well water 7.5
PMC Water 7.0
Germany Ground Water 7.9
Ganktok Water (Waterfall) 6.5
Tap Water( Vadgaon Sheri) 7.2
Bore Well, Chennai 6.6
Tap Water(Kalyani Nagar) 7.4
Pavana River Water 6.9
Sukali River Water 7.8
Mula- Mutha River 8.1
Darjeeling Tap Water 7.0
FILTERATION PROCESS
 Our Filtration Set Up

SAND & CHARCOAL GRAVEL

NAPKIN
Our Filtration Set Up
Our Filtration Set Up
 Simple Filtration Set Up

Reference
•Water filtration IV
http://www.scienceinschool.org/2008/issue10/nextgenera
tion
•FUN SCIENCE: Filter Magic
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Fun+science%3A+filter+ma
gic.-a0119071356
•Zoom Water Filter-
http://pbskids.org/zoom/activities/science/waterfilter.ht
ml
 Step 9

Summary and Conclusion

The main purpose of a summary is to sum up the
main points. The purpose of a conclusion is to
conclude the text smoothly.
 Step 10
Bibliography
A bibliography is a list of sources that have been
used to compile data in a research paper. It
allows the reader to review and verify the
veracity of the data.
 Step 10
Bibliography
Bibliography
• www.portugal.gov
• https://www.unesco.org
• https://www.una.usa.org
• https://www.reuters.com
• www.groundwater.com
• www.eskawater.com
• www.sciencing.com
• https://www.livpure.in/blog/ideal-ph-value-of-drinking-water-explained
• www.water-research.net/ph.htm
• www.epa.gov/safewater/consumer/2ndstandards.html Wilkes
University, Centre for Environmental Quality, Environmental
Engineering and Earth Sciences.
• www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/.
• https://www.aquazania.co.za/2016/05/importance-water-daily-lives/
Compilation Of The Research Work
pH Testing Booth

pH Testing Booth
Parent Activity

pH Scale