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DEFINISI :
Artritis perifer akibat dari deposit kristal sodium
urat pada minimal salah satu sendi
Ditandai dengan inflamasi, kemerahan, nyeri yang
tiba-tiba
Hiperurisemia :
pria : > 7 mg/dL
wanita : > 6 mg/dL
Gout
asymptomatic hyperuricemia
acute gouty arthritis
interval or intercritical gout
chronic or tophaceous gout
Pathophysiology
GOUT PRIMER
Tidak diketahui/ kelainan genetik
Produksi asam urat berlebih karena :
1. Peningkatan aktivitas enzim Phosphoribosil
Pirophosphat (PRPP) sintetase
2. Kekurangan Hipoksantin Guanin Phosphoribosil
Transferase (HGPRTase)
3. Kekurangan Glukosa-6-Phosphat
4. Kekurangan Fruktosa-1-fosfat aldolase
METABOLISME PURIN
Pathophysiology
GOUT SEKUNDER
1. Peningkatan produksi asam urat
- makanan purin tinggi
- penguraian asam nukleat (leukimia, kanker,
kematian sel)
- pemecahan ATP (epilepsi, latihan fisik
berlebih, merokok, konsumsi alkohol)
Pathophysiology
GOUT SEKUNDER
2. Penurunan ekskresi asam urat
- alkohol
- obat : aspirin, diuretik
- penyakit : diabetes, ketoasidosis
GOUT berdasarkan jenis serangan
Acute attack:
Over hours frequently nocturnal
Excruciating pain
Swelling, redness and tenderness
Podagra
May effect knees, wrist, elbow, and rarely SI and hips.
Chronic:
Destructive tophacous
Much greater chance if untreated
Manifestasi klinik gout
Chronic
chronic tophaceous gouty
arthritis, extensive bony erosions
are noted throughout the carpal
bones
Sclerosis and joint-space
narrowing are seen in the first
metatarsophalangeal joint, as
well as in the fourth
interphalangeal joint .
PENANGANAN NON FARMAKOLOGI
SASARAN TERAPI :
1. Meringankan bengkak dan rasa sakit pd gout akut
(AINS, kortikosteroid, kolkisin)
2. Menurunkan konsentrasi asam urat plasma
(allopurinol, probenesid, sulfinpirazon)
3. Mencegah kekambuhan (allopurinol, kolkisin
probenesid, sulfinpirazon)
4. Mencegah dan mengurangi pembentukan tophi
(probenesid, sulfinpirazon)
5. Mengatasi batu ginjal karena asam urat (allopurinol)
ALGORITMA PENANGANAN GOUT AKUT
FARMAKOTERAPI GOUT AKUT
Farmakoterapi Gout Interkritikal - Kronis
Prognosis
Generally good
More severe course when Sx present < 30 y/o
Up to 50% progress to chronic disease if untreated.
Surgical intervention may be required for tophi.
Aeromedical Recommendation