Professional Documents
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Pengenalan Kerekayasaan
Pengenalan Kerekayasaan
Adjar Pratoto
Foto: The Royal Academy of Engineering, London, 2010
Greatest engineering achievement of the
20th century
No No
1 Electrification 11 Highways
2 Automobile 12 Spacecraft
3 Airplane 13 Internet
4 Water supply & distribution 14 Imaging
5 Electronics 15 Household appliances
6 Radio & Television 16 Health technologies
7 Agricultural mechanization 17 Petroleum & Petrochemical tech.
8 Computer 18 Laser & Fiber optics
9 Telephone 19 Nuclear technologies
10 Air conditioning & Refrigeration 20 High performance materials
Perkembangan Disiplin Ilmu Teknik
FISIKA KIMIA BIOLOGI
1700 M T. Mesin
1800 M
T. Material
T. Pertanian
FISIKA KIMIA BIOLOGI
1800 M
T. Elektrik
T. Kimia
1900 M
T. Pener-
bangan
T. Biokimia
1950 M
T. Kom- T. Nuklir
puter
T. Biomedik
Teknik Mesin – Traditional Fields
Aerospace and Fluid Dynamics – Mechanical engineers apply fluid dynamics to design jet
engines and aircraft, but they also need to understand the properties of materials to design
these complex machines and their manufacturing processes using exotic materials such as high
strength alloys and composites.
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning – Engineers working in HVAC apply knowledge of heat
transfer - the study of how heat is transmitted from place to place - to ensure that buildings
ranging from single family homes to skyscrapers are kept warm in the winter and cool in the
summer. The also provide precise climate control for more critical applications, such as clean
rooms, hospitals, and museums.
Robotics - Robots have been in use since 1961, when the first industrial robot began operating in
a General Motors factory in New Jersey. Robots are expected to be used more widely, such as in
banks, restaurants, homes and hazardous working environments such as nuclear stations. In
order to make robots more valuable, engineers must be able to understand their design,
dynamics and control.
Teknik Mesin – Traditional Fields (lanjutan)
Energy and Power Generation – As always, mechanical engineers at power plants must
understand thermodynamics and energy, but the field today is a very exciting one, with many
new challenges. Engineers are being asked to produce economically viable electric power from
renewable sources such as the sun and the waves, and to develop fuel cells and energy storage
technologies, in order to maintain our standard of living without compromising our
environment.
Controls - Automatic control of physical parameters, such as the temperature of a room, the
speed of a car, or the operation of machines in a complex automated manufacturing plant,
requires measurements from sensors, combined with feedback control loops. Mechanical
engineers in this field design machine control schematics, or write programs for programmable
logic controllers, operator interfaces, robotics and other programmable devices.
Solid Mechanics - Mechanical engineers who work in product design must consider weight, cost,
and reliability, but product durability is also an important consideration. Solid mechanics, which
is concerned with the study of motion, deflection, stress, strain, and failure, allows the engineer
to design for durability, using experimental tools such as photoelasticity, and analytical tools like
finite element analysis, boundary element analysis, and strength of materials methods.
Teknik Mesin – New Fields
• Engineer
A person who, by reason of his special knowledge and use of
mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences and the principles and
methods of engineering analysis and design, acquired by engineering
education and experience, is qualified to practice engineering.
Tim Teknologi
Ilmuwan, Insinyur, Teknologis, Teknisi, Artisan
• Ilmuwan
Mempelajari alam dan perilakunya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan
manusia. Beberapa ilmuwan juga bekerja di industri dengan
permasalahan praktis; sementara yang lain bekerja menghasilkan
pengetahuan yang tidak segera dapat diterapkan. Pendidikan formal
yang diperlukan: S1, S2, S3.
• Insinyur
Menerapkan pengetahuannya dalam bidang ilmu dasar, matematika,
dan ekonomi untuk mengembangkan perangkat, struktur, atau proses.
Pendidikan formal yang diperlukan: S1, S2, S3.
• Teknologis
Menerapkan ilmu pengetahuan dasar dan matematika pada persoalan
yang telah terdefinisi dengan mantap yang umumnya tidak memerlukan
kedalaman pengetahuan sebagaimana yang diperlukan oleh insinyur
ataupun ilmuwan. Teknologis juga berperan menjembatani antara
insinyur dengan teknisi.
• Teknisi
Bekerja di bawah arahan (supervisi) insinyur dan ilmuwan untuk
menjalankan tugas tertentu, misalnya menggambar teknik (drafting),
tatalaksana percobaan laboratorium, pembuatan model, dll.
• Artisan
Memiliki ketrampilan manual (mengelas, mengoperasikan mesin
perkakas, pertukangan) untuk membuat perangkat yang dirancang oleh
insinyur atau ilmuwan serta teknologis dan teknisi
2.2 Kegiatan Teknologi
Kegiatan Teknologi adalah pentahapan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan
Teknologi yang secara runtun meliputi :
Domain Peneliti
Domain Perekayasa
Research
Penelitian Development
20
PERAN ENGINEER
• Research Engineer
Search for new knowledge to solve difficult problems that do not
have readily apparent solutions. They require the greatest training,
generally an MS or Ph.D degree.
• Development Engineer
Apply existing and new knowledge to develop prototype of new
device, structures, and processes.
• Design Engineer
Apply the results of research and development engineers to produce
detailed designs of devices, structures, and processes that will be
used by the public.
• Production Engineer
Concerned with specifying production schedules, determining raw
materials availability, and optimizing assembly lines to mass produce
the devices conceived by design engineers.
• Testing Engineer
Perform tests on engineered products to determine their reliability
and suitability for particular application.
• Construction Engineer
Build large structure.
• Operation Engineer
Run and maintain production facilities such as factories and chemical
plants.
• Sales Engineer
Have the technical background required to sell technical products.
• Managing Engineer
Coordinate the activities of the technology team.
• Consulting Engineer
Specialists who called upon by companies to supplement their-in-
house engineering talent.
• Teaching Engineer
Educate other engineers in the fundamentals of each engineering
discipline.
Mechanical Engineers may have
various job titles
Acoustical Engineer
Aeronautical Engineer
Automotive Engineer
Building Systems Engineer
Design Engineer
Energy Conservation Engineer
Fluid Mechanics Engineer
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
(HVAC) Engineer
Maintenance Engineer
Manufacturing Engineer
Robotics Engineer
Thermal Design Engineer
Proyek
PLTU
. . . a typical manufacturing company
Stockholder
Board of directors
President
Stockholder
Board of directors
President
80%
Test 1 :
Logical & Analytical Thinking
57%
Test 2 :
Characters & Working Attitude
15%
Test 3 :
Technical, Fit-in, Health
3–5%
What graduate recruiters want
inconvenient.
You are polite and considerate to others
little back
Do you help other people?
Holding the door open for someone
Helping someone with their shopping bags
Listening to someone’s problem, making them a cup
of coffee, helping to calm them
Putting your neighbour’s rubbish out while you're
taking out your own
Giving directions to someone who looks lost
Helping an elderly person off a bus or to cross the
road
Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) –
Intellectual Property
• Paten
• Hak Cipta
• Merk Dagang
• Rahasia Perusahaan
A PATENT is a legally enforceable right to exclude others from using an invention for
20 years. A patent does not grant the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or
import an invention.
A COPYRIGHT protects the rights of authors of original works. This includes literary,
dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and
unpublished. The owner of the copyright receives the exclusive right to reproduce
the copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or
recordings of the work, to perform the work publicly, and to publicly display the
work
A TRADEMARK is a word, phrase, symbol or design that distinguishes the source of
the goods of one party from those of others. A SERVICE MARK is the same as a
trademark, except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather
than a product. Examples of trademarks and service marks are the Exxon gasoline
sign, the roar of the MGM lion in films, the Nike swoosh, and the computer
software Windows.
A TRADE SECRET, which is secret information that has commercial value, may also
be entitled to protection. The concept comes from common law and concerns
information from which its owner, usually a business, benefits. This information is
generally not known to the owner's competitors or to the world at large. When the
owner discloses this information to third parties, it does so with the understanding
that the information will remain confidential.
Resep asli KFC dari tahun 1940 yang telah ditulis tangan oleh Sanders terkunci
di tempat yang aman dan dipantau selama 24 jam sehari dengan sistem
surveilans deteksi video dan gerak
Intellectual property protection through patents, trademarks
and copyrights is specific to the nation in which the
application is filed. Filing in the U.S. does not provide
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION. Other countries have different
rules concerning what can be protected, for how long and by
whom.
• Safety
The professional is concerned only with meeting standards and requirements of the
profession and any other laws or codes that apply. The model looks to find fault
when problems or accidents arise from someone's failure to meet a requirement.
• Conflict of interest
• Confidentiality
• Moral rights
• Loyalty to companies
• Weapon development
The professional is concerned only with meeting standards and requirements of the
profession and any other laws or codes that apply. The model looks to find fault
when problems or accidents arise from someone's failure to meet a requirement.
• Preferential treatment
• Hierarchical values and animal rights
• Whistle blowing
• Grade inflation
• Peer review