Introduction to Engineering

Lecture -1 & 2
 What is Engineering?
• Engineering uses scientific, technological, and
mathematical knowledge to solve practical
problems.
• Engineering is design under constraint
• Engineers can do anything.
• Engineers work to solve many kinds of
problems.
• Engineers make our lives better.
• The word engineer is derived from
the Latin words ingeniare ("to contrive,
devise") and ingenium ("cleverness")
 Science v/s Engineering
• Science:
• Investigation, understanding, and discovery of nature, its
composition, and its behavior (i.e., “laws of nature”)
• Why
• Build to learn (experiments, tools, devices, etc.)

• Engineering:
• Manipulating the forces of nature to advance humanity
• How
• Learn to build (products and services useful for humans)
 What is Technology ?
• Technology: Outcome of engineering
 Definition of Engineering – ABET*
• Profession in which knowledge of math and
natural sciences, gained by study, experience,
and practice, is applied with judgment to
develop ways to use, economically, the
materials and forces of nature for the benefit
of mankind.

*Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)

 How Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths
needed to Create a Product?
Example Science Technology Engineering Math
Pencil
 How Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths
needed to Create a Product?
Example Science Technology Engineering Math
Pencil Discovery of Creating a Designing a What is the
graphite and writing device device with optimal
the fact that that doesn’t graphite length,
rubber use ink insert, exterior diameter, or
(eraser) will holder, and shape for the
remove attached device?
graphite eraser
 How Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths
needed to Create a Product?
Example Science Technology Engineering Math
Mobile Phone
 How Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths
needed to Create a Product?
Example Science Technology Engineering Math
Mobile Phone Conversion of Wireless Designing a Size of the
sound waves to communication device with a device/
electromagnetic between two receiver and antenna etc
waves vice- users transponder
versa
 Major Engineering Branches
• Aerospace • Environmental
• Agricultural • Industrial
• Architectural • Manufacturing
• Automobile • Materials
• Bioengineering • Mechanical
• Biochemical • Mechatronics
• Biomedical • Metallurgical
• Ceramic • Mining
• Chemical • Naval/ Marine
• Civil • Nuclear
• Computer • Petroleum
• Construction • Sensor System
• Electrical • Software
• Electronics • Structural
• Textile
 What Engineers Do―I
• Research: Advance field
• Development: Lab to market
• Testing: Verify integrity, reliability, quality
• Design: Develop specs for manufacturing, construction, etc.
• Analysis: Use math models to aid in R&D
• Systems: Integrate components to produce functioning
• Manufacturing: Develop plants and process to make products
• Construction: Build
 What Engineers Do―II
• Facility/Plant Operation
• Maintenance
• Technical Support
• Customer Support
• Sales
• Consulting
• Management
• Others
 What is Inter disciplinary
Engineering?
• The Interdisciplinary Engineering is needed for
the student whose interests and abilities lie at
the interface between engineering disciplines,
or between engineering and other disciplines,
and who is unable to accommodate his/her
total range of interests and abilities
satisfactorily in one of the traditional
engineering disciplines.
ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE
20th CENTURY
• Engineers have made remarkable innovations
during the twentieth century.
• The National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
recently identified the top 20 engineering
achievements of the twentieth century that
“shaped a century and changed the world.”

https://www.nae.edu/
 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING
TOP 20 ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE 20th CENTURY
1. Electrification – to supply our homes and businesses with electricity
2. Automobile – for leisure and commercial transportation
3. Airplane – for rapidly moving people and goods around the world
4. Water Supply and Distribution – to supply clean, germ-free water to every home
5. Electronics – to provide electronic control of machines and consumer products
6. Radio and Television – for entertainment and commercial uses
7. Agricultural Mechanization – to increase the efficiency of food production
8. Computers – a revolution in the way people work and communicate
9. Telephone – for rapid personal and commercial communication
10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration – to increase the quality of life
11. Highways – to speed transportation of people and goods across the land
12. Spacecraft – to begin our exploration of limitless space
13. Internet – a cultural evolution of the way people interact
14. Imaging – to improve healthcare
15. Household Appliances – to allow women to enter the workplace
16. Health Technologies – to improve the quality of life
17. Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies – to power transportation systems
18. Laser and Fiber Optics – to improve measurement and communication systems
19. Nuclear Technologies – to tap a new natural energy source
20. High-performance Materials – to create safer, lighter, better products
 ENGINEERING CHALLENGES FOR THE
21st CENTURY
• The National Academy of Engineering also has
proposed the 14 Grand Challenges for
Engineering in the 21st Century.
• The 21st Century will be filled with many
exciting challenges for engineers, architects,
physicians, sociologists, and politicians.
 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING CHALLENGES FOR THE 21st CENTURY
1. Make solar energy economical
2. Provide energy from fusion
3. Develop carbon segregation methods
4. Manage the nitrogen cycle
5. Provide access to clean water
6. Restore and improve urban infrastructure
7. Advance health informatics
8. Engineer better medicines
9. Reverse-engineer the brain
10. Prevent nuclear terror
11. Secure cyberspace
12. Enhance virtual reality
13. Advance personalized learning
14. Engineer the tools of scientific discovery

http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/