GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Report By: Vinson, Via Marie B.

301N
 WHAT IS
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS?

 Is a kidney condition that involves

damage/inflammation to the
glomeruli.
 Damage to the glomeruli causes
blood and protein to be lost in the
urine

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 MODIFIABLE RISK
FACTORS:

 Diabetes
 Streptococcal infection (strep throat)
 High blood pressure
 Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood
vessels)
 Viruses (HIV, hepatitis B virus and
Hepatitis C virus)
 Endocarditis (infection of the valves of the
heart 4
 NON- MODIFIABLE
RISK FACTORS:

 Gender
 Age

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 Disease Process

1. Antigen (Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus)

2. Antigen-antibody product
3. Deposition of antigen complex in glomerulus
4. Increased production of epithelial cells lining the
glomerulus
5. Leukocytes infiltrate the glomerulus
6. Thickening of the glomerular filtration membrane
7. Scarring and loss of glomerular filtration
membrane
8. Decreased glomerular filtration (GFR)
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 SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS:

 Pain in the flank region/below the bottom of the rib cage

 Cola-colored or diluted iced-tea colored urine from red blood
cells (hematuria)
 Foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria)
 Oliguria, dysuria
 Hypertension
 Edema on the face, eyes, ankle, feet, legs and abdomen
 SOB
 Fatigue
 Less frequent urination than usual

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 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:

1. Urine test. A urinalysis might show red blood cells

and red cell casts in your urine, an indicator of
possible damage to the glomeruli.
2. Blood tests. These can provide information about
kidney damage and impairment of the glomeruli by
measuring levels of waste products, such as
creatinine and blood urea nitrogen.
3. Streptozyme tests. is a screening test used to
detect antibodies to several streptococcal antigens

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 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:

1. Imaging tests.
1. Kidney X-ray
2. CT Scan
2. Kidney biopsy. This procedure involves using a
special needle to extract small pieces of kidney
tissue for microscopic examination to help
determine the cause of the inflammation.
3. Blood test

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 NURSING
DIAGNOSIS:

1. Acute pain r/t inflammation of renal cortex as

evidenced by facial expressions and verbalization of
patient.
Goal: to reduce the pain
Intervention:
1. Assess the onset, duration, location, severity and intensity of pain
2. Provide comfort devices, quiet environment and calm activities
3. Encourage use of relaxational technique
4. Administer analgesic according to physician’s order.

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 NURSING
DIAGNOSIS:

1. Excess fluid volume related to accumulation of fluid

in the body as evidenced by edema and weight
Goal: to maintain fluid volume
Intervention:
1. To change the position frequently
2. To elevate the edematous extremities
3. Allow the patient to hear the running water to promote the diuresis
4. Apply hot application on the bladder to promote diuresis
5. Administer diuretics to promote diuresis

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 NURSING
DIAGNOSIS:

1. Ineffective breathing pattern related to accumulation of

fluid in the peritoneal cavity as evidenced by respiration
rate, dyspnea
Goal: to improve the breathing pattern
Intervention:
1. Instruct the patient to perform the deep breathing exercise
2. To provide the semi-fowler position
3. Encourage rest
4. Instruct not to wear the tight dress to promote the breathing
5. To administer the diuretics and albumin
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 Management

1. Dialysis
2. Sodium and water restriction
3. Maintain a healthy weight through diet
and exercise
4. Medications
1. Diuretics
2. Immuno-suppressants
3. Anti-hypertensive
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 COMPLICATIONS:

1. Acute kidney failure. Loss of function in the filtering part of the

nephron can result in rapid accumulation of waste products.
2. Chronic kidney disease. Your kidneys gradually lose their
filtering ability. Kidney function that deteriorates to less than 10
percent of normal capacity results in end-stage kidney disease,
which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to sustain life.
3. High blood pressure. Damage to your kidneys and the
resulting buildup of wastes in the bloodstream can raise your
blood pressure.
4. Nephrotic syndrome. With this syndrome, too much protein in
your urine results in too little protein in your blood.

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