Lordgelyn Viernes

Jan Nicole Vilar

RESEARCH DIFFERENT KIDNEY PROBLEMS:

1. SHORT DESCRIPTION AND SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

2. COMMON CAUSES OF THE DISEASE.

3. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

4. recommended MEDICAL/ PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION

5. NURSING INTERVENTION

6. ASSOCIATED SPECIMEN URINE COLLECTION

1. SHORT DESCRIPTION AND SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Glomerulonephritis (Bright's disease)

DESCRIPTION

According to experts, Glomerulonephritis (GN) is an inflammation of the glomeruli, which are structures
composed of tiny blood vessels in the kidneys. These knots of vessels aid in blood filtration and fluid
removal. If your glomeruli are compromised, your kidneys may cease to function correctly and you may
develop renal failure.

GN, also known as nephritis, is a life-threatening condition that necessitates rapid treatment. Both acute
and chronic types of GN are possible. This condition was formerly referred to as Bright's disease
(Stephens, 2018).

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The symptoms the patient with glumerulonephritis may experience are dependent on the type and
severity of your GN. Early symptoms of acute GN include facial puffiness, decreased urination, blood in
the urine, which turns the urine a dark rust color, coughing due to excess fluid in the lungs, and high
blood pressure.

The chronic form of GN can develop asymptomatically. Slow development of symptoms similar to the
acute form is possible. Some symptoms include microscopic amounts of blood or excess protein in the
urine; high blood pressure; swelling in the ankles and face; frequent nighttime urination; bubbly or
foamy urine due to excess protein; abdominal pain; and frequent nosebleeds. 
2. COMMON CAUSES OF THE DISEASE.
- Glomerulonephritis can be caused by various of factors including:

 Toxins or medicines.

 Viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C viruses.

 IgA nephropathy.

 Lupus-related kidney inflammation.

 Bacterial infections that commonly cause throat and skin infections, such as strep or staph
bacteria.

3. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
The initial diagnostic step is a urinalysis. Blood and protein in urine are significant disease indicators. A
routine physical exam for another condition can also find GN. It may be necessary to conduct additional
urine tests in order to detect vital kidney health indicators such as creatinine clearance, total protein in
the urine, urine concentration, urine specific gravity, urine red blood cells, and urine osmolality.

Blood tests may reveal anemia, which is a low red blood cell count; abnormal albumin levels; abnormal
blood urea nitrogen levels; and elevated creatinine levels.  In addition, the physician may order
immunology tests to detect antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic
antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and complement levels.The results of these tests may indicate that
the immune system is causing kidney damage. A kidney biopsy may be required to confirm the
diagnosis. This involves analyzing a needle-collected sample of kidney tissue.

4. Recommended MEDICAL/ PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION

- Acute kidney failure due to infection-related glomerulonephritis is treated with dialysis. Dialysis uses a
device that works like an artificial, external kidney that filters your blood. End-stage kidney disease is
chronic kidney disease that can only be managed by regular kidney dialysis or a kidney transplant.

What medication is used for glomerulonephritis?

Severe cases of glomerulonephritis, caused by problems with the immune system, are sometimes
treated with types of medicine known as immunosuppressants.

Other medicines to help control your immune system include:

  mycophenolate mofetil.

 azathioprine.

 rituximab.

 ciclosporin.

 tacrolimus.

5. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Assessment

Nurses must obtain a history that emphasizes immunologic concerns such as the presence of SLE and
infection (past and present). During a physical examination, note the presence of edema, hypertension,
and hypervolemia, as indicated by elevated jugular venous pressure and dilated neck veins. Keep an eye
on your heart and serum lab values, and do regular lab tests like urinalysis to check for blood and
protein.

Therapeutic Procedures

Examine vital signs, fluid intake and output, and daily weight to assess kidney function.Keep an eye out
for signs of a developing problem, such as pressure in the pulmonary arteries, central venous pressure,
symptoms of CHF, and symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy;

Recognize dietary constraints such as sodium limits;Administer prescribed medications, such as

antihypertensives, diuretics, H2 blockers, and antibiotics, while monitoring for side effects; Encourage
bed rest until signs of improvement are observed, particularly with BUN, creatinine, and high blood
pressure. Additionally, keep an eye out for seizures.

Advancement of Health Education

Instruct them to promptly report and treat any form of infection Instruct them to seek medical attention
at the first indication of a decrease in urinary output Even after recovery, you should encourage follow-
up exams and monitoring of blood pressure, urinary protein, BUN, and creatinine. 

6. ASSOCIATED SPECIMEN URINE COLLECTION

- A 24-hour urine collection helps diagnose kidney problems. It is often done to see how much
creatinine clears through the kidneys. It’s also done to measure protein, hormones, minerals, and other
chemical compounds. Conditions that can cause kidney disease include: Diabetic nephropathy.
Stephens, C. (2018). Glomerulonephritis (Bright's Disease). healthline.
https://www.healthline.com/health/glomerulonephritis#complications

(2020) . Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) Nursing Intervention. rnspeak. https://rnspeak.com/acute-

glomerulonephritis-agn-nursing-intervention/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glomerulonephritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-
20355710

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/glomerulonephritis

VIERNES

VILAR