RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

CONTENT
 Cartesian product of sets
 Relations
 functions
 CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF TWO SETS

 Let P and Q be the two sets then cartesian product of P and Q is

denoted by P X Q and is defined by ,

 If either P or Q is the null set, then P X Q will also be empty set,

i.e., PXQ=
 The number of elements in P X Q and Q X P are same but, the
order
of the elements are different.
• In general P X Q not equal to Q X P
 P X P X P = {(a,b,c) : a,b,c P}
Ordered pair
 A pair of element grouped together in a particular order.

Equality of two ordered pairs

 Two ordered pair are equal, if and only if the corrponding first
elements are equal and the second element are also equal.

 If A set have m elements and set B have n elements then

n(A X B) = mn elements and n(B X A) = nm elements .
Q. If (x+1,y-2)=(3,1) find the value of x and y ?

Sol. Since ordered pair are equal

therefore, x+1 = 3 and y-2=1
we get, x=2 and y=3

Q. If G={7,8} and H={5,4,2} find G X H ?

Sol. G X H={(7,5),(7,4),(7,2),(8,5),(8,4),(8,2)}
 RELATIONS
o when two elements are connected with each other they form a relation.
e.g. Let A={a,b} and B={2}
sol. A X B = {(a,2),(b,2)}
Relation R={(a,b): a is a vowel, b is even number}
R={(a,2)}
o Relation is always a subset of cartesian
a
product
1
Pre-image b
2 Image
c
3
d

Here, the second element is called the image of the first element.
 DOMAIN, CO-DOMAIN AND RANGE
a
1
b
A 2
B
3 c

Domain ~ set of all first elements of the ordered pair in a relation

R from a set A to set B is called the domain of the relation R .
Range ~ set of all second elements in relation R from a set A to
set B is called the range of relation R .
Co-domain ~ the whole set B is called the co-domain of the
relation R. range is a subset of co-domain.
 FUNCTIONS
A relation F from a set A and set B is said to be a function, if every
element of set A has one and only one image in set B.

 Types of functions
1. Real Valued Function
a function f:A B is called a real valued set if B is a subset of
real number.
2. Identity Function
a function f:R R given by f(x)=x for each x € R is called
identity function
• Graph of identity function is a straight line.
• It passes through origin.
3. Constant function
a function f:R K given by f(x)=K for each x € R where K is constant.
it may be positive, negative or zero.

The graph of constant function is a line parallel to x-axis.

4. Polynomial function
a function f:R R given by for each
x € R where n is non-negative integer and
• is a polynomial function.
• is not a polynomial function.

since power 3/2 is not an integer

5. Rational function
a function of the type f(x)=p(x)/q(x) when p(x) and g(x) are
polynomial function of x define in the domain and where
q(x) ≠ 0
6. Modulus function
a function f:R R given by .it is also know as
absolute function.
7. Signum function
a function f:R R given by
8. Greatest integer function
a function f:R R given by f(x)=[x] is called the greatest integer function
where the integral part of x or greatest integer less than or equal to x.

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Made by priyanshu and his friends